高中英语选修七 Unit3 Under the sea-语法篇（学生版）

1、.第6讲 Under the sea 语法篇_1.掌握V-ing的被动式的构造与用法；2.可以纯熟运用V-ing的被动式解题造句。一. 含义与构成1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和如今分词两种，分别可作：主语、宾语、表语; 动名词定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 如今分词注意：其否认形式是在其前边加：not/never.其各种形式如下表：语态 时 态 主动形式被动形式一般式  not doing  not being done完成式  not having done   not having been done2. V-ing 形

2、式的被动式用法及种类当v-ing与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done；V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和如今分词的被动式两种。二. 用法一动名词的被动式动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语，且在句中只表被动，不表进展。1、作主语So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing. 在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。B

3、eing exposed to the sun does harm to health. 暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。The presidents being killed led to serious consequences. 总统被杀导致了严重后果。2、 作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。The bird escaped being caught. I didnt mind being left at home.He was afraid of _ abandon by us. He did it without _ askYou cant eat anyth

4、ing before _operate on I remember having been told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最为担忧的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。注意： 动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式being done,不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，假设其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式having been done。 如：I appreciate having been

5、 given the chance to study abroad. 我很感谢能被给与到国外留学的时机。动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时，其特点是只表被动，不表进展。动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时，有时可采用其复合构造形式，即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。如：Toms being admitted to college is a big surprise for us. 汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶。The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught. 新证据的发现导致他被捕。What worried the ch

6、ild most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital二如今分词的被动式如今分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语，一般不作状语除个别情形例外；在句中既表被动又表进展。1、 作宾补如今分词的被动式being done作宾补时，表示正在进展的被动的动作，常与感官动词连用。I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.Youll find the topic _ discuss everywhere now.As we approached the village w

7、e saw new houses _ build注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成。2、作定语如今分词的被动式being done作定语时时，表示正在进展的被动的动作。The meeting _ discuss now is very important.He asked who was the girl _ operateon in the operating room. 注意：如今分词的被动式作后置定语时，表示正在进展的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作。如：a meeting being

8、 held now 正在被举行的会议 a meeting held yesterday 昨天举行的会议a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议如今分词的被动完成式having been done 不能做定语和宾补。The building having been built last year × The building built last year We found him having been killed. × We found him killed 三如今分词的被动完成式 having been done 作状语当分词与句子

9、的主语构成被动关系，且此分词动作明确地发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间或持续发生屡次时可用如今分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语。Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.被领着参观了教室后，我们又被带着参观了实验室。Having been told the news, they put off the trip. 被告知此消息后，他们取消了这次旅。Having been separated for many years by the war, they coul

10、dnt recognize each other. 因战争而别离多年后，他们都认不出对方了。Having been told many times, the boy still didnt know how to do it.尽管被告知屡次了， 那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。注意：假设分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格构造。The work having been done, they left the office.All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home. 在这种独立主格构造中

11、，用如今分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差异不大。而为了简洁，习惯采用过去分词形式，如上面两句常表达成：The work done, they left the office.All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.注意：过去分词作状语与如今分词的被动完成式的区别：二者作状语时，都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系，区别不大，可以互换。但是在这种情况下，为了简洁，还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语。Asked = Having been asked to work overtime, I missed a w

12、onderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。Polluted =Having been polluted seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是假如强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生屡次发或持续一段时间还是习惯采用如今分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语，但终归区别还是不大。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. 尽管被告诉了屡次，他还是犯同样的错误。三、

13、动名词的主动形式表被动意义在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 在beworth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。His suggestion is worth considering. 在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，假如后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟We dont allow students to smoke here. 我们不允许学生抽烟1. 2019北京高

14、考The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without .A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. Having recognizedD. Having been recognized2. 2019浙江高考Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.A. performB. performingC. to performD. being performed3. 20

15、19浙江奉化高三Almost everyone of the graduates wants to deliver the keynote speech at the graduation ceremony, because for the speaker, is an honor.A. invitedB. being invitedC. be invitedD. inviting4. 2019浙江温州十校联考 He claimed in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A. To have been badly tr

16、eatedB. Treating badlyC. To be treated badlyD. Being badly treated5. 2019浙江温州高二下_ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated根底演练1. _ in

17、a famous university is what most students wish for. A.To educateB. EducatedC. Being educatedD. Educating2. _ into a famous university made his parents happy.A. Tom was admittedB. Tom be admitted C. If Tom was admittedD. Toms being admitted3. _ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying

18、to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience. A.Having caughtB. Being caught C. CaughtD. having been caught 4. - What in the world put you in a really bad mood ?- _ in the traffic for hours. A. StuckB. Being stuckC. To be stuckD. Sticking5. - What made Bill so angry?- _. His girlfriend promised

19、to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet.A. Having kept waitingB. Being kept waiting C. To be kept waitingD. Being kept waited稳固进步6. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promotedD. to be promoted7. The discovery o

20、f new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thief  C. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught8. Do you mind _ alone at home?A. Jane leavingB. Jane having left C. Janes being leftD. Jane to be left9. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying somethi

21、ng they dont really need.A. to persuadeB. PersuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded10. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea. A. AttackingB. having attackingC. being attackedD. having been attacked 11. T

22、ony was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invitedB. not having invited C. having not invitedD. not having been invited12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _.A. to escape burningB. to escape being burnedC. escapin

23、g burnedD. escaping from burning13. She insisted _ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money. A. on takingB. on being takenC. to takeD. to be taken14. He has always insisted on his _ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.A. CalledB. having calledC. being calledD. having been called

24、15. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before _. A. being fully acceptedB. accepted fully C. fully been acceptedD. fully accepted1. While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth_.A. from pollutingB. PollutedC. PollutingD. being polluted2. What worried the ch

25、ild most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A. his not allowingB. his not being allowed C. his being not allowedD. having not been allowed3. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closed C. being opened and

26、closedD. to open and close4. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. BuildB. having been builtC. to be builtD. being built5. If I criticize someone, I will do it with great patience as if I were the one _ . A. to criticize

27、B. CriticizingC. having criticizingD. being criticized6. The building _ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building.A. to paintB. being paintedC. to have paintedD. painted7. The well was found _ when we got there.A. DiggingB. to be dugC. to digD. being dug8. _to work overtime that even

28、ing, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been askedB. To ask C. Having askedD. To be asked9. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2019 Olympic Games.A. Having shownB. To be shown C. Having been shownD. To show10. _ many times, he finally understood it.A. ToldB. T

29、ellingC. Having toldD. Having been told11. _ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD.To be separated12. The country has already sent up three unmanned

30、 spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched 13. _ for two weeks, the village is in short of food.A. To floodB. Having floodedC. Having been floodedD.being flooded 14. I want to have my hair _, because it wants

31、_. A. cut; cuttingB. being cut; being cutC. cut; being cutD. cut; to cut 15. I still remember _ chess in class by my teacher about twenty years ago.A. to be caught to playB. be caught playing C.catching playD.being caught playing_1. 单项选择1. - Did you have a good time at the party? - Thanks. I appreci

32、ated _ to your home.A. to be invitedB. being invited C. to have invitedD. having invited2. No one can prevent the plan _ .A. from carrying outB. to be carded out C. being carded outD. to carry out3. The bird was lucky that it just missed _ .A. CatchingB. being caught C. to be caughtD. to catch4. Mos

33、t of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A. InvitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited5. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed6. He has always insisted on his _ Dr. Turner instead of

34、Mr. Turner.A. been calledB. being called C. having calledD. called7. While shopping, people sometimes can't help _ into buying something they don't _ really need.A. to persuadeB. persuading C. being persuadedD. be persuaded8. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre, but his father refused hi

35、m because it was late.A. to be takenB. to take C. being takenD. taking9. The well was found _ when we got there.A. DiggingB. to be dugC. to digD. being dug10. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing二. 完形填空阅读下

36、面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Passing Your Love OnWaiting for the airplane to take off, I was happy to get a seat by myself. Just then, an air hostess approached me and asked, “Would you mind 1 your seat? A couple would like to sit together. The only 2 seat was next to a girl

37、 with her arms in casts石膏绷带, a black-and-blue face, and a sad 3 . “No way am I going to sit there, I thought immediately. But a soft voice spoke, “She needs help. Finally, I 4 to move to that seat.The girl was named Kathy. She had been in a car accident and 5 was on her way for 6 .When the snack and

38、 juice arrived, it did not take me long to 7 that Kathy would not be able to 8 herself. I considered 9 to feed her but hesitated, as it seemed too10 to offer a service to a 11 . But then I realized that Kathy's need was more12 than my discomfort. I offered to help her eat, and 13 she was uncomfo

39、rtable to accept, she 14 as I expected. We became closer and closer in a short period of time. By the end of the five-hour trip, my heart had 15 , and the time was really 16 spent than if I had just sat by myself.I was very glad I had reached 17 my comfort zone to sit next to Kathy and feed her. Lov

40、e 18 flows beyond human borders and removes the fears that keep us 19 . When we stretch to serve another, we grow to live 20 a larger and more rewarding world.1. A. leaving B. changingC. takingD. giving2. A. comfortableB. suitable C. available D. favorable3. A. heartB. expression C. action D. though

41、t4. A. decided B. wanted C. regrettedD. promised5. A. immediatelyB. lately C. recently D. now6. A. treatment B. travel C. pleasure D. business 7. A. know B. say C. realize D. recognize8. A. eat B. feed C. choose D. support9. A. offering B. needing C. stopping D. trying10. A. impolite B. far C. close

42、 D. fast11. A. girl B. neighbor C. passenger D. stranger12. A. unusual B. direct C. important D. shameful13. A. when B. although C. since D. as14. A. refused B. wondered C. cried D. did15. A. warmed B. jumped C. broken D. cheered16. A. good B. worse C. better D. bad17. A. below B. through C. across

43、D. beyond78. A. seldom B. never C. hardly D. sometimes19. A. separate B. independent C. silent D. upset20. A. of B. in C. at D. for3. 阅读理解During an exhibition show the skills of disabled people, an armless man used his mouth and feet to repair a watch. He completed the task in just a few minutes at

44、the show, which was held in Beijing last Saturday. Just imagine the tiny parts that make up a watch. You have to wonder how the disabled man developed such a skill.It was reported that 28-year-old Wang Jianghai lost his arms in an accident when he was five and began learning to repair watches at the

45、 age of 17. He has repaired more than 10,000 watches in the past 11 years. What strong self-confidence he must have to overcome the difficulties in getting this skill! What optimism he must have to face the unfairness of his hard life! And what strong determination he must have to go through the har

46、dship in his struggle for a normal life! Such confidence, optimism and willpower are exactly the qualities many physically healthy people lack nowadays. Wang has set a good example for young people. But today's youth seem to be more interested with their TV stars and pop singers but less interes

47、ted in learning from the examples of working and studying hard to achieve higher goals. . That is undoubtedly the result of the influence of a changing social atmosphere. One must admit that there is a trend towards hedonism in our society. People are increasingly more concerned about material gains than about spiritual pursuits. While adults know they must work hard