葫芦丝的制作（The production of cucurbit silk）

1、葫芦丝的制作（The production of cucurbit silk）Process for making cucurbit silkSummaryCucurbit silk is a wonderful flower in the Chinese national garden. She has a clear, bright, soft and floating shape, and has typical and strong features of the southwest minority. The structure of cucurbit silk is very si

2、mple (Figure 1), but the pronunciation principle is elusive. Her vocal range is narrow and expressive. Although the number of people who love cucurbit is countless, the people who make her, especially those who are highly skilled, are very few. This is: the simpler instruments, the more difficult to

3、 draw quality. A lot of cucurbit lovers want to make their own gourds, but they can't start without any data. I have made a little of my experience in making it. I hope it will help the novice producer.Figure 1Chapter 1 reed productionSection 1 materials selectionReed is the most critical part o

4、f cucurbit, and it is also the most difficult to master. Production of cucurbit reed materials of copper, beryllium or Tin Phosphorus Bronze usually used. After comparing experiments, we should optimize the tin bronze by considering the sound quality, sound quality, sound volume and life expectancy.

5、 Copper skin thickness is generally 0.1 mm, but it is best to use 0.2 mm copper skin, after forging, so as to reach 0.1 mm better. Because forging has two advantages: first, it can increase the density of the copper skin and increase the elasticity, thus increasing the life of the reed. Second, due

6、to the copper in the production process of rolling, it is bound to form a texture. Forging can eliminate or reduce the texture, thereby improving the quality of sound.Second pieces of cutting materialThe actual size of the reed is 25 mm long and 10 mm wide. Since the copper skin will have an extensi

7、on in the forging process, the material should be taken into consideration when cutting. 0.2 mm copper skin, just cut out 7 mm wide, the length is generally 80100 mm on it. Note that you must see the texture of the copper skin and cut the length along the texture.Third quarter forgingWhen forging, i

8、t is necessary to choose the flat pier first. It is better to use a flat steel pier machined by the grinder. The hammer is not too big, 100 grams can be. Top hammer should be micro convex edge, do not have sharp edges. Forging must follow the "light, uniform, dense, flat" four character ti

9、ps. Light is every hammer can not be too hard; even that every hammer should be uniform, forging range should be uniform, not light a heavy hammer a hammer, a hammer a hammer is not close to the West; is a hammer - hammer, hammer hammer is overlapping; flat to smooth can not be shaken dangling; forg

10、ing after there will be three situations: the first one is the most perfectly flat ideal. In the second case, the stress is produced and the copper is bent to one side. If you pull your hand to the other side, you will suddenly turn to the other side. Turn back again, and so do i. This shows that th

11、e central part of the copper sheath is too heavy and can be drawn gently until it is smooth. The third case is that the edges of the copper crust appear wavy, and the entire copper sheath appears soft and inelastic. This shows that the edges of the copper skin are too heavy to be forged. In contrast

12、 to the second case, the center of the copper skin should be lightly hammered until smooth. Sometimes it takes several and several times to achieve leveling requirements. Under normal circumstances, 0.2 mm thick, 7 mm wide copper skin, forged to 910 mm wide, it can reach 0.1 mm thick.Fourth quarter

13、grindingThe surface of the copper surface is not smooth after forging. It must also be scraped to smooth it. It should be scraped and ground first. When scraping, press the copper skin on the flat pier with a sharp flat blade. One hand press the knife, the other hand twitch copper skin. Both sides t

14、ake turns, rotation, until the copper surface has no obvious concave pits. Then use a fine sand paper to clamp the copper skin, with the index finger and thumb pinch tight, the other hand twitch copper skin, the same two turns, until the copper skin is smooth and bright. This copper crust can be cut

15、 into a section of 25 millimeters long to be used as the main reed. Vice tube reed can be properly reduced, usually 1720 mm long, 78 mm wide.The Fifth Festival OpeningOpen, is in the prepared copper out with vibration of the vocal languette, the key process is made of reed.This process must be more

16、careful, can not have the slightest negligence, otherwise it will come to naught. First, prepare a flat, plastic (1020 mm) thickness, plexiglass or electric board, with 801 glue to stick the copper onto the board. Then, by drawing a needle in the copper skin to draw the main position. The size of th

17、e main charge is 17 mm long, 0.70.8 mm wide tongue, tongue base width 2.5 mm. The size of the main auxiliary pipe is 10 mm long, 0.60.7 mm wide tongue, tongue 11.5 mm wide. According to the drawing of the line with a sharp knife, carved languette. Can use steel ruler cornered, so as not to go. At th

18、e moment, the lower part of the tongue is broken off by the lower blade at the tip of the tongue. Then from the root under the knife, carved a long tongue, both sides take turns. Don't press the knife too hard. Each knife is engraved with a few more knives until it is carved. Finally, the sword

19、with the copper skin down from the board, cutting is completed.Sixth piece retouchingFor a good spring, it needs trimming. Sometimes, in the process of cutting some parts not carved through, you need to make time to the main frame and spring completely stripped. At the same time, there are a lot of

20、burrs that have to be opened and must be removed. Do the gap is uniform, tongue, tight and do not touch the main frame, move up and down freely. Finally, smooth the reed with fine sandpaper. Later, you can install it to the supervisor and debug it. The tuning of the reed will be further introduced i

21、n later articles.If there is any inappropriate, I would like to ask you to correct me.The renewal process of "silk" gourdThe second chapter, gourd processingChoose the gourd in the first sectionTo make Hulusi, gourd is essential. Choose what kind of gourd, for cucurbit silk appearance and

22、internal quality, have great influence. First of all, different tunes of cucurbit silk have different requirements on the size of gourds. In general, small C, D adjustable hoist lower diameter is 75 mm; B flat, lower hoist A diameter is 90 mm; F, G adjustable hoist lower diameter is 100 mm; other ke

23、ys can refer to the above rules selection. Require smooth surface, no scars, scratches and mildew, the color is consistent, preferably gold yellow. Shape Zhou Zheng, symmetry, from both sides of the straight, both sides should be symmetrical, not askew. With a nail hammer, the sound should be crisp

24、and bright. This kind of gourd can be used to make cucurbit silk.Second external processingIf you choose a rough processed gourd, you can omit the process of removing epidermis. Otherwise, the gourd should be soaked in warm water for 30 minutes, and then use a bamboo knife to scrape the gourd skin.

25、Scraping the skin, it is best to follow the gourd up and down the direction of scraping, requiring uniform scraping, can not be omitted. Dry after scraping and grind with fine sandpaper. Next, make sure the front and the right sides of the gourd are well drawn, draw the center line on the front and

26、ask to cross the center of the bottom. Next, draw the side center line at the bottom and cross over the front center line. Outline the interface of the intubation line on the cross line, and drill the hole of the intubation interface according to the contour line. Interface requirements and intubati

27、on are tightly combined with not have too big gap, otherwise the adhesion is not easy to secure and easy to leak. Finally, the pattern is stamped on the front and the gourd is machined.If the article is to help you, please. Later on. Ha-ha！Send "gourd silk technology"Third sections of inte

28、rnal processingAfter the external processing of the gourd, it can be processed internally. A small spoon shaped tool made of curved wire 10 in advance. The front end is flat and then the edge is cut into the edge of the knife. Use it through the cannula interface mounting hole, the gourd flesh cut n

29、et. We must dig clean, has been swept into the xylem, not a gourd flesh remaining, otherwise, will affect the quality and volume, especially the volume. Cut after the milk white glue diluted in water, the inner surface coating. Coating should not be too thick, must be uniform. Clean the excess glue

30、and let it dry.The third chapter of bamboo processingSection 1 materials selectionThe bamboo material made of Hulusi has many kinds, such as bamboo, bamboo, bamboo and Mianzhu, but it is best to zizhu. The south by Yunnan zizhu,The North should adopt Fujian zizhu. Because Yunnan Zizhu in the north,

31、due to climate, easy to crack. Fujian Zizhu is more adapted to the climate, not easy to crack. Hulusi different tune, the bamboo diameter is different. This aspect is to take into account the size and size of the gourd, the appearance of relatively beautiful. More importantly, from pronunciation, to

32、ne, volume and so on. Small C, D tune director, outer diameter of 1718 mm, length of about 300 mm. The outer diameter of the vice pipe is 1314 mm, the length is about 250 millimeters. The outer diameter of the head of B and A is 1820 mm, and the length is about 350 millimeters. The outer diameter of

33、 the auxiliary pipe is 1415 millimeters, the length is about 270 millimeters; the big F and G are in charge of the outer diameter of 2224 mm, and the length is about 400 millimeters. The outer diameter of the secondary pipe is 1617 mm, and the length is about 350 millimeters. All the bamboo are requ

34、ired at both ends of uniform diameter, is not more than 1 mm. Slub can not be too dense, generally do not exceed three knots. The bamboo must be round and straight, and there is no leaf groove or obvious bend.Second sections of baked bambooSelected bamboo materials must be roasted before they are us

35、ed. Because bamboo, especially Hsinchu, contains more juice. If not roasted, it is easy to produce deformation, bending and even cracking. When baking is best to use more prosperous smokeless charcoal baked side to prevent kaohu. When baking, bend the bend even when it is hot. Baked and straightened

36、 bamboo material must be placed in a smooth place to prevent re bending.Third control tubeThere are two kinds of tube making system and assistant pipe system, which are introduced by supervisor (Figure 2). Before making the pipe, you must use a long drill to break all the slub. According to the requ

37、irements of regulation line respectively, draw reed trough, and the tail end of each sound hole hanging hole position. Cut out the reed trough with a knife hand, the outer end of the slot from the bamboo ends shall be set aside 15 mm, in order to adjust the position of the plug, thereby adjusting th

38、e overall pitch. The slot should be shorter than the reed by 12 mm. Then, a 12 mm gap is cut at the end of the knife to allow the reed to be inserted and fixed. The rest of the holes can be drilled with sharp drills. The diameter of the drill bit, can be slightly smaller than the actual diameter of

39、holes, is to set aside up allowance. Small C tune, you can choose 5 mm drill bit; down B tune, you can choose 6 millimeter bit; big F adjustable can choose 7 millimeter bit. When you have drilled all the holes, clean the remaining bamboo pieces. Then, you can insert a reed, and with beeswax glue. Ye

40、llow beeswax rosin and available 1:1 mixed aozhi.The auxiliary pipe system is relatively simple, need to pay attention to is to classify the backhand. Because although there are two tubes, they usually have only one sound. The position of the root of the voice is to change with the forehand and back

41、hand. In the forehand position, the left hand is on the upper hand, so the vocal accessory pipe is on the left hand side so that the left hand pinkie can control the articulation hole of the subsidiary pipe. On the other hand, it is on the right hand side. The auxiliary pipe holes, generally open be

42、tween third, fourth head hole position alignment. Others have no special requirements.Another "gourd silk technology"Fourth quarters tuningTuning is also performed by the main and minor tubes. For the supervisor, you should first tune the cylinder. Usually, the bass is 5 with a barrel, suc

43、h as the C, and the barrel is G. If the pronunciation is high, with special cutter, scraping the main root. Conversely, if the pronunciation is low, then scraping the tip of the tongue. During scraping, in the main mat on a thin sheet of copper. Each scraping amount should not be too big, try to scr

44、atch, until it reaches the pitch. When the drum is well pitched, do not move any more. The rest of the sound, is by changing the hole to adjust the. If a sound is low, with a knife to the sound hole (near reed direction) to expand. If high, the bottom hole to expand, and will fill the appropriate pa

45、rt of the upper yellow. Expand the hole, you must first expand the wall. There will be large small hole into inverted horn hole inside, it is not up to the pitch, and then expand the external. And also try to avoid the side edge expansion, Kuode hole is too large. These are the solutions to the cond

46、ition that only individual sounds are not allowed. If the relationship between temperament and the overall calibration can be high, reed is plug out a point.While low, it should be a push point, but must not be more than languette. Otherwise, you will not be able to pronounce or even damage the reed

47、s. 3 bass adjustment is by the sound hole position change in the tube tail hanging hole and bass between 6 to achieve. It should be noted that the whole tuning, except for the barrel tones, is performed after 35 minutes of play. Because the pitch of cucurbit is usually low in cold state. The play wa

48、s normal and steady after a few minutes.It is simpler to tune the tube because it is only given a single tone. To change the pitch of the scraping method can only be adjustable languette. It is important to note that languette can not bend. Can only be flat with the spring frame, or even slightly be

49、low the spring frame. Only in this way can a small breath make it sound.The fifth section, problems and SolutionsIn the tuning process, in addition to this problem, we will encounter other problems here and explain all kinds of problems and solutions. Sometimes the top hole will not make a sound, th

50、at is, there is no 6 tone. This is the main too low, can be languette to stir up a little, so that the tongue spring frame plane 1.5 mm distance. Try and pick it up until you pronounce it correctly. Sometimes 5, 6 bass pronunciation is not fresh, trembling, divergent. This shows that the main high,

51、can be properly languette under pressure, to pressure side edge test, both 6 tone is normal. Prone to tone and goo, especially in the 1 and 2 phonemes are most likely to occur. This is due to the high languette, should also be the main point under pressure. In addition, the whole sound has a sand so

52、und and a friction sound. This is the main spring and frame between the foreign body, must carefully remove burrs. There may be no reed cement, as long as the re glue can be solved. If there is a sand sound individual sound, is the main. Through careful observation, you will find, from two aspects,

53、the main spring and inconsistent plane clearance box. At this time, will carefully adjust the main blade roots, making it a slightly distorted point, and reached the spring gap consistent plane. Another thing to note is that the stopper at the end of the reed should not be pushed too deep, or the so

54、und will diverge.The final assembly is very simple, so it is omitted here.Two, the production process of cucurbit silkThe concrete steps are as follows:1, according to the materials made of bamboo coarse tone decision. Usually use bamboo. The inside and outside diameter of bamboo must be symmetrical

55、, and its surface should not be scarred. To determine the length of bamboo according to the valve, and then cut off.2. Bake bambooThe bamboo tree is the best baking stove. If the fire is strong, the roasted bamboo must be straight.3 line drillAccording to the model, underline each sound hole on the

56、bamboo with bright lines.4, punchingDifferent tone, use the thickness of drill bit is not the same as ordinary drill can.5, pick gourdFirst, choose the gourds. Hoist with the size of the valve and proportional to the thickness of bamboo.6. Organic glassAccording to the size of the gourd, with a good

57、 black organic glass made in advance, organic glass thickness 2mm, 16 18cm long, 2.5cm wide.7, baked plexiglassBake it gently with an alcohol burner and slow down the fire.8, plexiglassIt is fixed in the lower part of the central block with the glue or glue 502.9, punchingAt the lower end of the plexiglass block, the three holes that match the bamboo are evenly distributed.10, save gourdThe gourd is divided into one tube and two tubes. The first charge according to the size of the hole on the gourd inserted into the center hole, if bamboo is rough, with half round holes on t