英语高考专题之时态和语态

1、.英语高考专题之时态和语态课程目的：正确的时态和语态是一个简单句的重要组成部分；时态和语态是高中语法教学的重点和难点，是学好英语的关键；尤其重要的是其在高考试题中所占的比重非常大，无论是单项选择、完形填空、阅读表达和写作，甚至阅读才能都和时态、语态的理解有关系，所以要求学生务必在英语学习中重视该语法的学习。一、学习目的掌握不同时态的根本用法。二、重点、难点掌握不同时态的根本用法以及每个时态的常用时间表达。三、考情分析时态和语态的分值比很大，学生掌握起来有难度，所以必须重视该语法的学习，及其根本用法，研究历年关于该语法的高考题。有些学生在单项选择方面还可以，但是表达在书面表达中就差强人意了，这说

2、明学生的该语法比较薄弱，务必加强学习。知识梳理：一般如今时态【根本用法】1. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作；2. 表示当前时间存在的特征或状态；3. 表示客观真理或客观事实；4. 少数用于表示起止的动词，如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般如今时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、方案或安排要发生的动作，只用一般如今时。5. 由if, unless, as long as等引导的条件状语从句，when, before, as soon as, once等引导的时间状语从句及no ma

3、tter when/how或however, wherever, even if等引导的让步状语从句中，常用一般如今时代替将来时。【特别提示】特别注意主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词的变化。【例句】The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 If it is fine tomorrow, we shall visit the Great Wall. 假如明天天晴，我们就去游览长城。【考题链接】I often _ all the cooking for my family, but re

4、cently I ve been too busy to do it. A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done来源:1ZXXK答案：B解题思路：句意：平时都是我为家人做饭，但最近我太忙了，不能做了。此题考察一般如今时表示经常性、习惯性的动作这一用法，其他时态均不合题意。如今进展时态【根本用法】根本构造：is/am/are+ doing 否认句：is/am/are+ not+ doing 1. 说话时正在发生的动作。2. 说话时不一定在进展，但目前的时间背景下正在发生的动作。3. 某些动词的如今进展时可表示方案或安排好了的将来动作。常见的动词有：go,

5、come, leave, arrive, start, stay, return, take off等。4. always, often, constantly, frequently, forever等副词和如今进展时态连用，表达说话人的某种情感，即“赞扬或“厌恶等，可译为“老是、总是。【注意】有些动词不能用进展时态a. 表示心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等。b. 表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, see

6、m, belong to, depend on等。c. 表示瞬间动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。d. 表示感官的动词：notice, feel, smell, sound, taste等。【例句】She is attending a lecture which is being given by Professor Lee. 她正在参加由李教授所做的报告。The Internet technology is changing the way people communicate with each other.因特网

7、正改变着人们彼此交流的方式。【考题链接】Im not finished with my dinner yet. But our friends _for us. A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting答案：D解题思路：考察动词时态。句意：我还没吃完呢。但是我们的朋友正在等我们。解此类题的关键是根据上下文语境定出动作发生的时间。从题中But可看出动作wait为说话人说话时正在进展的动作，应选D。一般将来时态【根本用法】1. 表示将来的动作或状态常用will / shall动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow，next w

8、eek等。shall用于第一人称。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 b. 方案，安排要发生的事。c. 有迹象要发生的事。3. “be +不定式表将来，按方案或正式安排将发生的事。4. 在“祈使句and / or陈述句句型中，陈述句中只能用will / 情态动词动词原形。【例句】We will talk about this topic next week. 我们下周将会讨论这个话题。What are you going to do tomorrow? 你明天打算做什么呢？【考题链接】看起

9、来像是要下雨了。It looks as if it _ rain. 答案：is going to一般过去时态【根本用法】表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去详细时间的状语连用或有上下文语境暗示; 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。【例句】Where did you go just now? 刚刚你上哪儿去了？When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我还是个孩子的时候，常在大街

10、上踢足球。【考题链接】In 1942, Columbus_ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off IndiaA. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed答案：B解题思路：句意：1942年，哥伦布登上了巴哈马群岛其中的一个岛，但是他错把它当成了印度的一个岛。此题中有个详细的过去时间“1942年，故应用一般过去时态，表示过去的时间发生的动作。过去进展时态【根本用法】谓语构造：was / were v.ing1. 过去某一时刻正在进展的动作或某一阶段内某动作发

11、生或频繁发生。2. 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个动作在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。3. 表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，仅用于come, go, start, leave, stay, arrive等。【例句】We were working from two to four yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我们从两点一直工作到四点。He was reading a novel when the door bell rang.门铃响的时候，他在读小说。【考题链接】Have you finished reading that novel? No

12、, I_ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do 答案：A解题思路：句意：你读完那本小说了吗？没有，我昨天一直在写作业。根据时间状语all day yesterday可知was doing最正确。表示昨天一整天都在做作业。如今完成时态【根本用法】谓语构造：has / have动词过去分词1. 表示到如今为止已发生或完成的动作，强调结果的影响。常用的时间状语：already, just, never, yet, ever, lately, recently, up to now, in t

13、he past+一段时间，so far等。2. 表示从过去某一时刻开场一直延续到如今的动作或状态。常与since时间点，for时间段及介词短语during / in / over the last pastfew years months, weeks, in recent years等连用。【例句】I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。Theyve lived here since 2019.他们自从2019年就住在那里了。【特别提醒】1. 如今完成时可表示持续到如今的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的；而短暂性动词用于如今完成时态，不能和段时间连用。

14、假如短暂性动词需要和段时间连用，就必须转换成其他词来表示。buyhave comebe in leavebe away from diebe dead showbe on2. have gone to和have been tohave gone to表示去了,还没有回来；have been to表示曾经去过，说话时已经回来了。3. since的用法since作介词，后面接过去的时间点；since作连词，后面一般接一般过去时态的句子。【例句】我分开中国三年了。I have left China for three years. 该句是错误的改为：I have been away from Chi

15、na for three years. He has gone to Beijing. 他去了北京了。如今还没回来He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。如今已回来【考题链接】1. Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be答案：C解题思路：句意：到目前为止，一切进展良好，我们确信工作可以按时完成。so far by now提示要用如今完成时。2. I hear Jan

16、e _ the Holy Island on holiday.Oh, how nice. Do you know when she left?A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 答案：A解题思路：句意：我听说简去霍利岛度假了。噢，多么好啊！你知道她什么时候分开的吗？根据句意，简在说话的时候还没回来，什么时候分开的也不知道，关键是截至说话时她还没回来，是过去的动作对如今造成的影响和结果，故用如今完成时态，应选。过去完成时态【根本用法】谓语构造：had +动词过去分词1. 概念：表示过去的过去2. 用法：a. 状语从句：在过去不同

17、时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。b. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“本来，未能。【例句】She saidthatshe had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她从未去过巴黎。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。【考题链接】It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate

18、 what they _ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing答案：A来源:Z&xx&k 解题思路：句意：我花了好长时间才完全理解他们为我做了什么。选用had done，表示发生在was able to fully appreciate之前。过去将来时态【根本用法】1. 谓语构造：would/should + do was/were + going to + do was/were+ to do 2. 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中。【例句】His sister told hi

19、m that she would be back on Sunday.姐姐告诉他，她将于星期天回来。I thought the story was going to be funny.我认为这个故事比较搞笑。来源:Zxxk 【考题链接】Dont you feel surprised to see Linda at the meeting? Yes. I really didnt think she _ here. A. has been B. had been C. would be D. would have been答案：C 解题思路：句意：难道你在会议上看到琳达不感到惊讶吗？是的。我真的

20、认为她不会来这里。根据上下文语境可知，设空处的动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据I really didnt think可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事, 故应用过去将来时。将来完成时态【根本用法】构成：will/shall have动词过去分词意义：将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。 【例句】Before long, he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久以后，他就会把这件事全忘了。【考题链接】Tommy is planning to buy a carI know. By nex

21、t month, he _ enough for a used oneA. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved答案：D 解题思路：句意：汤米正方案买辆车。我知道。截至下个月他就能攒够钱买辆二手的了。表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,故用将来完成时态。将来进展时态【根本用法】构造：will + be + 动词的如今分词意义：1表示在将来某时刻或某阶段正在进展的动作2有时可表示预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作【例句】This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Hainan.明天这个时间我正飞往海南。If I

22、 fail to appear by 8 oclock, I will not be coming at all. 假如我8点不到，我就不会来了。【考题链接】Youd better not call the manager between 7：00 and 8：00 this evening, for he _ an important meeting then. A. will have B. would have C. will be having D. will have had答案：C 解题思路：句意：今天晚上7点到8点间你最好不要给经理打 ，因为他那时将有个重要的会议。根据题干中的时

23、间状语between 7：00 and 8：00 this evening可知, 设空处的动作是将来某个时刻正在进展的, 故应用将来进展时, 口语中常用这种时态表示将来某时刻正在进展或发生的动作。如今完成进展时态【根本用法】构造：have/has + been +动词的如今分词意义：1. 表示动作从过去一个时间开场，一直延续到如今，强调在此阶段里，动作一直在进展。常和由for, since引导的时间状语连用。2. 表示说话时刻之前刚刚完毕的动作。3. 用以强调动作的延续性或重复性。【例句】I have been waiting for you for an hour. 我已等你一个小时了。He

24、 has been dropping in on her almost every day recently.最近，他几乎天天拜访她。【考题链接】I hear you _ at Smiths. Yes, I _ there for about three months. A. work; had been working B. worked; was workingC. are working; have been working D. worked; have worked答案：C 解题思路：考察动词时态。句意：我听说你在史密斯那里工作。是的，我已在那里工作约三个月了。第一空表示说话时正在进

25、展的动作，用如今进展时态；而第二空表示该动作是3个月前开场的，如今仍然在进展，故用如今完成进展时态。应选C。即学即练：1.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we _ out his address yet, A. havent found B. hadnt found C. didnt find D. dont find 答案：A 解题思路：根据句意“我们想要亲自感谢他，但是还没有找到他的地址，强调对如今产生的影响，所以应用一般如今时，正确答案为A。2.The reporter said that the UFO _ east to

26、 west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 答案：A解题思路：根据句中when he saw it可知，当记者看到UFO的时候，UFO正在运动中，而且是发生在过去的动作，所以应用过去进展时，正确答案为A。3.Is this raincoat yours? No，mine _ there behind the door. A. hangs B. has hang C. is hanging D. hang 答案：C 解题思路：根据对话可知是当时正在进展的状态，所

27、以应该用如今进展时，因此正确答案为C。4.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still _. A. has been B. does C. has D. is 答案：D解题思路：由前半句可知他整个上午一直在写作文，后半句中的still“仍然说明这个动作如今还在进展中，所以正确答案为D。5. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 答案：A解题思路：前半句是由if引导的条件状语从句，所以应用一般如今时，而噪音应该是被控制，应该用被动语态，主句需要用一般将来时