英语修辞手法

1、英语修辞手法analogy 类比apostrophe 顿呼paradox似非而是的隽语pun双关语Parallelism 平行personification 拟人Hyperbole 夸张 onomatopoeia 拟声 sarcasm讽刺ridicule and rony反语 三种修辞的区别 Ridicule奚落 讽刺它和 Sarcasm（目的是 hurt）不同的是.ridicule 的目的是 unkindly make fun of.例句:v震惊世界的审判:Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted. Resolutely he stroe to the

2、stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies. sarcasm 讽刺是指用尖酸刻薄的话对个人的缺点、过失、社会的丑恶现象或黑暗而进行讥讽、挖苦，常是 有意地伤害他人的感情，所以常含有较强的贬义。例如：He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant, and it is a mighty strong combination. 他 之所以站在这里（被告席上），是因为无知和偏见猖獗，而且形成了一股强大的势力。Frankly, I have been accustom

3、ed to regard your President as a statesman whose mouth was the most efficient part of his head. He cannot have thought of it （the idea） himself. Who suggested it to him?坦率地说，我一贯把你们的总统看作政治家，他的嘴是他头上最能干的器官。他本人是 想不出这个主意的.是谁向他提出的？（以上用直叙法来讽刺） irony反语字面意思相异或相反例如：littleJohn打碎了花瓶,他母亲告诉他爸爸他爸爸说了一句：he did a goo

4、d thing ! Innuendo 暗讽Innuendo and irony differ from each other. With irony, the intended meaning is explicit: it is expressed by the opposite of the literal meaning of the word used. In contrast, with innuendo, the intended meaning is implicit and the understanding of it depends on the context. That

5、 s why innuendo is also called “ a mild irony” . Compare the innuendo remarks with the plain statement in thebrackets. simile 明喻用比喻词 like, as, as if, as though 等This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 met叩hor隐喻，暗喻这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写The diamond department was the

6、heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 synecdoche提喻 又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以 抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。例如：1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。句中的“the flesh and blood喻为the great sacrifice”（巨大的牺牲）2、”saying tl

7、iat it was the most beautifiil tongue in the world.他说这是世界上最美的语言。这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。4、 Many eyes turned to a tall,2O-year black girl on the U.S. team.很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的2 0岁的黑姑娘。这里的“many eyes”代替了 “many persons”。 metonymy转喻/换喻/借喻/借代转喻是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的 名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段.又，换

8、喻，转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法， 如用华盛顿代替美政府或用剑代替军事力量A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.例LThe kettle boils,壶水开。（用 the kettle

9、 壶,表示 the water in the kettle 壶水）2 .He is fond of the bottle他喜欢喝酒。（用bottle装酒的瓶子，表示wine酒）3 .Grey hairs should be respected.老人应受到尊重。（用 grey hairs 白发，表示 old people 老人）4 .The pen is mightier than the sword.笔要比剑更锋利 （用 pen 笔，表示 article 文章）5.1 am reading Lu Hsun.我在读鲁迅的作品 （用Lu Hsun鲁迅，表示Lu Hsun*s works鲁迅的 作品

10、） rhetorical repetition 叠言在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious manmade destiny.它必须用我们这些对于未来，对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜 血和汗水去创造。2、. Because good technique in medicine and surgery

11、 means more quickly-cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死 亡，更少疾病，和更少残废。 synesthesia 通感Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消

12、化的。书是“尝”不出味道的，也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的。这里把读书中的精读和泛读, 阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受，用味觉功能和消化功能来表示，心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。 alliteration 头韵法在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音行有同样的字母或声音，以增强语 言的 在奏感e The repetition of the same or similar sounds at the beginning of words1. What would the world be. once bereft/Of wet and wildness?,52. How and why h

13、e had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.他如何和为什么来到新泽西州的普林斯顿是一个充满奋斗、成功和令人伤心的一段经历。 oxymoron矛盾修饰法例子1 .a clever fool聪明的傻瓜2 .a victorious defeat 胜利的失败3 .cruel kindness残酷的仁慈4 .expressionless expression 亳无表情的表情5 .sick health憔悴的健康6 .a living death 行尸走肉7 .with careful

14、carelessness小心翼翼又漫不经心地8 .bright and dark既光彩夺目，又朦胧黑暗9 .dove-feather, d raven披着白鸽羽毛的乌鸦10 .with her disagreeably pleasant laugh （她）自鸣得意却令人讨厌地笑起来11 .an honorable villain 体面的恶棍12 .There was an audible stillness, in which the common voice sounded strange.（from Sister Carrie by Tlieodore Dreiser）这时是一片听得见的寂

15、静，连人声听起来都是异样的。（选自美国作家西奥多德莱塞的长篇 小说嘉莉妹妹）（作者用audible来修饰stillness,匠心独具地从反而烘托环境，使人耳目 一新，过目难忘。矛盾的对立而取得了高度的一致，形成了完美的统一。） transferred Epithet 转类形容词 Hypallage （移就）的一种transferred Epithet is the rhetorical device in which a modifier, usually an adjective, is applied to the “wrong” word in the sentence. The wor

16、d whose modifier is thus displaced can either be actually present in the sentence, or it can be implied logically. For example: The plowman homeward plods his weary way, / And leaves the world to darkness and to me” （Thomas Gray, Tlegy Written in a Country Churchyard11） Weary way is a hypallage: it

17、is the plowman, not the way, that is weary.“restless nighf The night was not restless, but the person who was awake through it was.（不宁之夜）happy morning Mornings have no feelings, but the people who are awake through them do.（快乐的清晨）“female prison,1 Prisons do not have genders, but the people who are i

18、nside them do. ,condemned cell” It is not the cell that is condemned, but the person who is inside it. careless error* The error is not careless, but the person who commits it is. zeugma 规式修饰法句式结构一致，然而在文意上有明显差别的一种修饰方法。similar syntactic but different semantic relationships between words例如：她的眼中流淌着眼泪，也

19、流露着无奈。e.g.: She plunged into privileged intimacy and into the middle of the room; antithesis 对照A figure of speech in which words and phrases with opposite meanings are balanced against each other. An example of antithesis is “To err is human, to forgive, divine.” （Alexander Pope） climax 渐进In rhetoric, is a figure of speech, in which words, phrases, or clauses are arranged in order of increasing importance.Examples:“There are three things that will endure: faith, hope, and love. But the greatest of these is love? 1 Corinthians 13:13Ml think w