社会热点中考英语专题训练4

1、2019-2020社会热点 英语专题训练（四） 七、大数据big dataBig data is a lot of sets of information that are put together,so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data.Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as

2、 information that comes from schools,social media sites,companies,and governments.One set of data can have people's names and addresses.Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer.Big data can be used in many ways. The government use

3、s it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better.Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can s

4、ucceed in school.Companies use big data, too.It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get s

5、ick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby, so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.How can big data be

6、used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. Because people think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data.Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or bu

7、sinesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.1. The underlined word "data" in the passage means "" in Chinese.A.结果B.数据 C.报告2. One company uses weather information to.A.help children in needB. know when people will visit the hospitalC. understan

8、d when people will need ice cream3. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is. A.big data can be used for good reasonsB. we can use big data to prevent babies from getting sickC. big data can be used for both good and bad reasons4. The overall tone（总基调）of this reading is.A.humorousB. culturalC. scientific5. T

9、his reading is about.A.what big data is and how it is usedB. how big data is controlled by governments and companiesC. where important data is collected and stored【解答】1. B .词义猜测题.根据文章第一段，Big data is a lot of sets of information that are puttogether, so they can be used by a computer program. 大 是许多集合

10、在起的信息，因此它们可以被计算机程序使用.可知，大量的集合在一起的信息则构成了数据，因此，划线单词意为"数据"，故选B.2. C.细节理解题. 根据文章第二段, For example , one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream. 一个公司用天气数据来看人们什么时候吃最多的冰淇淋.故选 C.3. C.段落大意题.根据文章第三段，Big data can be used for good reasons.大数据的使用可以用于好的理由.以及， Big data can als

11、o be used for bad reasons .大数据也可以用于坏的原因.可推 测出，大数据的使用既有好的理由，也有坏的理由，故选C.4. C.推理判断题. 根据文章第段，Big data is a lot of sets of information that are put together , sothey can be used by a computer program. 大数据是许多集合在一起的信息，以便计算机程序运 用.以及， Big data can be used in many ways . 大数据可以用在很多方面；Big data can be used forgo

12、od reasons.大数据的使用可以用于好的理由.由此可知，作者先对大数据有一个基本的解释，再说明了其既具有优点又有缺点.因此，本文的总基调为“科学性"，故选C.5. A . 主旨大意题. 根据文章第段,Big data is a lot of sets of information that are put together , sothey can be used by a computer program . The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data .大

13、数据是许多集合在一起的信息，以便计算机程序运用.可知，本文主要 讲述的是关于什么是大数据及如何应用大数据，故选 A.八、 外卖 food delivery/ take outIt seems food deliverymen（送货员）are always in a hurry. They wear blue, red or yellow helmets（头盔）and many of them don't follow traffic rules. They drive on the wrong side of the road and run red lights. They use

14、mobile phones while driving.These reckless借莽的）behaviors have caught the public's attention.In the first half of 2017, food deliverymen had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai,according to Shanghai Public Security Bureau. That means every two and a half days, a food deliveryman will die or get hurt

15、on the road.What makes deliverymen take such risks? The strict rules of the food delivery service companies and the anxious（焦急的）customers may be the answer.Many companies will fine（ 罚款）a deliveryman up to 2,000 yuan, if he fails to deliver an order on time, reported China Daily. Fines also go to tho

16、se who get bad reviews from customers.To solve the problem, food delivery service companies need to improve their incentive systems（ 激 励制度），noted CRI Online.Some cities are also taking action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their deliverymen on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a

17、deliveryman gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, then he will be banned from driving food service delivery vehicles（ 交通工具 ）for a whole year.1. The deliverymen are seen to break traffic rules in many ways except .A. wearing blue, red or yellow helmetsB. driving on the wrong side of the

18、 roadC. using mobile phones while driving2. Why do the deliverymen take risks to break traffic rules?A. Because if they fail to deliver an order on time, they will be fined a lot of money.B. Because if they fail to deliver an order on time, they may get bad reviews from anxious customers.C. Both A a

19、nd B.3. How many traffic accidents did the food deliverymen in Shanghai cause from January to June in 2017 according to the passage?A. 38.B. 76.C. 152.4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The deliveryman who drives too slowly will be fined by the company.B. If a deliveryman

20、gets caught breaking traffic rules twice, then he will be banned from vehicles for a whole year.C. Food delivery service companies need to improve their incentive system.5. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Some cities are working to improve the situation.B. Companies are improving their review system.C. To drive safely, food deliverymen should pay more attention to traffic rules.【解答】1. A 细节理解题根据第一段They wear blue， red or yellow helmets （头盔）and manyof them don't follow traffic rules They drive on the wrong side of the road and run red lights