牛津译林版模块五第二单元知识点总结练习(无答案)

1、牛津译林版模块五第二单元知识点总结练习（无答案）Unit 2 The environmentPeriod 1 : welcome to the unit and reading、词形转换1.produce (v.)(n.)2.greed (n.)_(adj.)3.responsible (adj.)(n.)4.believe (v.).(n.)5.environment (n.)(adj.)6.operate (v.)_(n.)7.willing (adj.)(opp.)8.arrive (v.) .(n.)9.illegal (adj.)(opp.)10.impress (v.)_(n.)1

2、1.decrease (v.)(opp.)12.conservation (n.)(v.)13.electricity (n.)(adj.)14.particular (adj.)(adv.)二、固定搭配1.openfloor 自由发言2.cut back减少3.operate_.4.use up5.run out of6.clean打扫7.queue 排队等候8.pick out 9.under way .10.regard to 关于11.排放12.尤其13.do one 's part14.last but not least15.take steps三、重点词汇1 .debat

3、e n./v.争论，辩论；讨论固定搭配：debate about讨论Eg: 1>.Before long we invited the spokeswoman and several consultants to participate in the debate.2> .There was much lively debate about whether the tourist was to blame for his manner.辨析：debate 与 argue易混词辨析例句debate侧重“双方各抒己见”，内含交锋的意思。We have been debating abo

4、ut the present economy.argue侧重“说理”，“论证”和“企图说服”。I argued with my brother for a long time, but our mother pretended not to hear us.2.discussion n.讨论固定搭配：have a hot/ heated discussion about/ on K进行热烈的讨论under discussion 在讨论中Eg:1>.We opened the floor and had a heated discussion on language and communi

5、cation.2>.He told us whether to debate was still under discussion .3 .atmosphere n.大气，空气；气氛Eg:The tense atmosphere in the room became relaxed thanks to his humour.4 . lay eggs 产卵Eg: Every year a wide range of fish swim against the current to lay eggs in their birthplace.原形过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedlied

6、lyinglie躺，位于laylainlyinglay放置；卜蛋laidlaidlayingEg:The man lying there lied that he had laid the money on the table.5 .responsibility n.责任，职责 v.adj.固定搭配：have a responsibility to do sth.有责任做某事take responsibility for (doing) sth. 承担(彳t)某事的责任It is one ' s responsibility to doslh<负责做某事Eg:1>.You

7、must take responsibility for looking after the sick child, or you will be to blame.2>. It ' s your responsibility inform us of any revisions of the design.相关链接： be responsible for.负责Eg: You must be responsible for your absurd remarks.6 .belief n.信念，看法固定搭配：beyond belief令人无法相信，令人难以置信in the beli

8、ef that.相信Its one ' s belief tha故相信.Eg:1>.Grandet is selfish and greedy beyond belief.2>.It ' s my belief thahe gifted boy will have a different childhood.相关链接：believe in信任，信赖 believe sb.相信某人说的话believe sb. to be +adj.相信某人是 believe sb. to have done sth. 认为某人做过某事7.operate v.经营； 动手术； 运转 n

9、.Eg: The machine operates day and night to process those raw materials.8 .credit n.赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分固定搭配：give sb. credit给某人赞许to one ' s credit值得赞扬、钦佩的是do sb. credit/ do a credit to sb.为某人增光Eg: Many scientists are anchored in villages and devote themselves to the agriculture. We should give them

10、more credit.9 .quantity n.数量固定搭配：a large / small quantity of大/少量的quantities of大量的，大批的in quantity很多，大量的Eg:1>. A large quantity of soil has been washed away during the rainy season. We have the responsibility to protect our common environment.2>. Huge quantities of oil were leaking into the sea,

11、 which caused the environmental damage.学法点拨：a large/ small quantity of 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，作主语时，句子谓语动词用单数形 式；quantities of修饰名词作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数要与quantities保持一致，即用复数形式。即学即练：1. Large quantities of polluted water(be) flowing into the sea.2.A large quantity of air -conditioners(have) been sold in the past few

12、years.10.willing adj.乐意的，自愿的，心甘情愿的反： 固定搭配：be willing to do sth.愿意做某事Eg: 1>.What if everyone is willing to forgive others?2>.In my opinion, it' s my duty to 100k after the young trees, mowilling towater them every week.四、温故知新l.open the floor自由发言 take the floor （在重要的公开会议上 ）发言 have / get the

13、floor 取得发言权Eg:The president then took the floor and expressed his attitude towards the global protection.2 .make接复合宾语：make oneself at home 别客气 make sth. done 让某事被做make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 make sb./ sth.+adj.让某人 /某物.3 .number 短语;the number of +复数可数名词+单数谓语a number of +复数可数名词+复数谓语numbers of +复数可数名词 +复数谓语

14、a large /good /great number of +复数可数名词+复数谓语相关链接：a great/ good deal of +不可数名词+单数谓语many a +单数可数名词+单数谓语more than one +单数可数名词 +单数谓语a great /good many +复数可数名词 +复数谓语quantities of +可数名词复数/不可数名词+复数谓语plenty of +可数名，复数/不可数名词4 .duty 短语：on duty值班，上班out of duty出于责任5 .cut短语：cut back on （cut down on）缩减，削减 cut away

15、 砍掉cut up切开，切成小块cut in超车；插嘴cut out剪下；删除6 . run短语：a lot of/ lots of +可数名词复数/不可数名词It ' s one ' s duty to帽嵬晡1是某人的责任cut through剪断；抄近路cut off 切断，割掉be cut out for sth.适合做某事，是彳某事的材料（多用于疑问句和否定句）run out （常与of连用）用完，耗尽；即将用完run into碰撞，偶然遇上run through浏览，贯穿run away from 逃离，逃避（责任）in the long/ short run 从长远

16、/短期来看run across偶然遇到run after追逐，追踪五、经典句型I.The world ' s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.（P.22）与1800年的人口相比，世界人口数量已经增长了要点提炼：倍数表达法(1) A+ be +倍数+ as +计量形容词原级 + as + B(2) A+ be +倍数+计量形容词比较级 + than +B A+ be +倍数+ the +计量名词+ of + B(4) The + 计量名词 + of + A+ be + 倍数 + that + of + B(5)倍

17、数+ what从句Eg:1>.The production this year is twice as large as last year.2>.This new apartment is exactly three times more expensive than that one.3>.This new apartment is exactly three times the size of that one.4>.The size of this new apartment is three times that of that one.5>.This

18、year ' s production is twice what it was last year.句式仿写：(用4种表达方式)1 .这座山的高度是那座山的4倍。2 .Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to savethe environment.(P.23)林女士建议为了保护环境我们应该削减我们所产生的东西的数量。句法分析：suggested后接 从句，引导词 省略了； we produce是 从句，关系代词也省略了。要点提炼：suggest vt.建议

19、；暗示，表明suggest doing sth. 建议做某事suggest that. 建议.suggest to sb. That 向某人建议 .学法点拨：suggest作“建议”讲时，后可跟名词、动名词做宾语，或用句式suggest that sb.(should) do sth.表示“建议某人做某事"，should do为虚拟语气，should可以省略；suggest作“暗示”讲时，其后 that从 句不用虚拟语气。Eg:1>.He suggested that we (should) think more about recycling our waste.2>.

20、 It ' s suggested thwe (should) think more about recycling our waste.3>.The worried look on her face suggestedthat she was eager to keep pace with others.3 .However, I do agree that. 然而，我的确赞同.（P.23要点提炼：do表示强调（助动词do, does,did经常用来强调谓语动词，此种情况下谓语动词要用动词原形。）Eg:1>. Do work hard while you are on d

21、uty.2>.I did admit that I had betrayed my good friend then. Later I sincerely made an apology to him.拓展：修饰动词、形容词、介词短语或句子等可以用 ever, never, still, even, very, just, most, badly, highly, really 等副词以及in the world（究竟，到底），by no means（决不），on earth（究竟，到底）等介词短语来进行强调。 还可 以用强调句式“ It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ wh

22、o +剩余部分”进行强调。Eg:1>.Just who do you think you' re relying on?2>.It bysno means certain that how he will respond to her remarks.3>.It was yesterday evening that we had a heated debate.4 .Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to

23、 the environment.（P.23）我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价格来购买环保产品。要点提炼：find +宾语+宾语补足语（宾补可以是现在分词（表示主动卜过去分词（表示被动卜介词短语、形 容词、副词等。）Eg:1>.I f ound a boy sleeping in the waiting room.2>.They found themselves surrounded by colorful rocks, fish,shells and plants.3>.He found himself in a strange valley where h

24、e couldn ' t get through to his parents.5 .What if they run out?（P.25）要是他们用完了怎么办？要点提炼：What if.?要是.会怎么办/怎么样？”该句式相当于 "What should we do/ will happen if.?”Eg:1>. What if large quantities of harmful chemicals go into the atmosphere?2>.What if there are disagreements among us about the top

25、ic?要点提炼：（run out of为及物动词短语，run out为不及物动词短语。在使用时要注意语态，其中run out of可用于被动语态，而 run out则不能。）Eg: Today ' s debate question is,run out'of weir money, who can we rely on? "15 / 16随堂练习：一、单句语法填空：I.The system will have to be tested before it goes into(produce).2 .As a teacher, it is my(responsible

26、) to make the students devoted to their study.3 .(environment) health could also deal with preventive medicine, aging, and other concerns specific to human health.1.1 f you ' re(will) to fly at night, you can get a much cheaper ticket.5 .Charles was at the clinic recovering from an(operate) on h

27、is arm.6 .The speaker had to raise his voice to make himself(hear) by the listeners in the hall.7 .The government has announced plans to cut back defense spending 10% next year.8 .At the back yard, we found him(seat)on a bench, with his eyes(fix) on his neighbour garden of roses.二、语法填空My aim in life

28、 is (save) the environment for future generations. I want to become an (environment) consultant after I graduate. Too many people think that pollution canif we want the country to develop. But that is not true. We can cut back on dangerous and dirty waste from factories. Even though a factory produc

29、es large quantity of goods, it does not mean that it has to letoff a lot if pollution into the environment.I want to teach people to buy products that have been(recycle). This is much better for the environment, because it means we do not need to cut so many trees.There is no debating we also have a

30、 problem with population. The number of people keeps(grow), and we are producing more rubbish and using more raw materials. What theyrun out? I am confident that if we are all willing(work) together, we can overcome these challenges and keep the Earth clean and(health).三、单句写作1 .(大量)harmful chemicals

31、 that factories create go into the atmosphere and（是我们生病）。2 .The amount of rubbish we produce（ 成为）a big problem, so we need to think more about（回收利用废物）。3 . It is clear that we（彳艮关注）the present situation of our environment.4 .People often（认为 development is bad for the environment.5 .Many industries（ 愿

32、意花钱弥补 ）any damages they caused.一、环保英语词汇ecotourism生态旅游solar energy 太阳能 plastic bags 塑料袋 disposable可丢弃的Period 2 Word power, Grammar and Project污染物 pollution污染preserve 保护throwaway 一次性使用的fossil fuels矿石燃料ecosystem 生态系统pollutantalternative energy 可替代能源drinking cans 饮料罐non-renewable不可再生的natural gas 天然气 nuc

33、lear power 核能 radioactivity 辐射性wildlife 野生生物acid rain 酸雨carbon dioxide 二氧化碳the greenhouse effect 温室效应global warming全球变暖the green belt 绿化带sandstorm 沙尘暴environmental protection 环境保护environmentally friendly 环保的eco-friendly对生态环境友好的limited natural resources有限的自然资源natural reserves 自然保护区endangered species

34、濒危物种animal rights acvitists动物权禾U支持者二、重点词汇1.1 mpress vt. 使钦佩，使敬仰；使印象深刻 n.adj.固定搭配：impress sb. with =sb. be impressed with给某人留下深刻印象，使某人因而钦佩impress sth. on/ upon sb. 使某人了解某物的重要性Eg:1>.In the debate, the girl impressed us with her sense of humour.2>.We were most impressed with your committed attitu

35、de towards adolescents worldwide.3>.The leader impressed on his civilians the value of developing economy.2 .queue up排队等候Eg: No one is willing to queue up at the bus stop during the rush hour.拓展：queue up to do sth.争先恐后地做某事jump the queue 插队；不按照次序排队queue jumper插队的人3 .decrease vi./ vt./ n. 减少 反： 固定搭

36、配： on the decrease 在减少Eg: The production of the crops in this area decreased from 5.2million tons to 4.5 million tons.学法点拨：decrease/ increase to表示“减少/增长到.” ；decrease/ increase by后接分数、百分数或其他表示 数量的词，表示“减少/增长了 .” .Eg: Using the new method can help us decrease the costs of the production and running by

37、10%.4 .devoted adj.献身于.的，忠实的固定搭配：be devoted to喜爱；忠于；致力于 devote oneself to doing sth.献身于做某事devote one ' s life/ time/ money/ energy to doing sth.某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于做某事Eg:1>.(devote) herself to the twins completely, the young mother found herself surrounded by happiness which could not be found i

38、n her previous job.2>.(devote) to the study of arithmetic( 算数),Zu Chongzhi is a famous ancient mathematician.5 .raise vt.提出；举起；提高；筹募；抚养，种植 (=put forward / come up with)固定搭配： raise one ' s hand手raise one ' s family 家糊口raise one ' s voce声音raise funds 筹集资金对比:原形过去式过去分词词义词性raiseraisedraise

39、d举起，提高Vt.riseroserisen上升，升起Vi./ narisearosearisen出现；发生Vi.6 .concern n.关心；所关心的事vt.关系到，涉及 prep.关于Eg:1>.The environmental issue is a matter of considerable public concern.2>.Developing the economy concerns all of us.3>.He doesn con cern himself with the debate.拓展：be concerned with和.有牵连be conce

40、rned about/ for 担心.,担忧be concerned to do sth. 认为做某事很重要be concerned that.担心.concern oneself with/ about 关心、某事， 担心、某事as/ so far as.be concerned 就.而言，在.看来一系列./各类.out of range of超出.的范围express concern for sb. 表达对某人的关心7 .range n.范围；一系歹Uv.包括名词搭配：a wide/ broad/ whole/ full range ofin/ within range of在视觉（在听觉

41、）范围内Eg:The supermarket provides customers with a full range of goods.动词搭配：range from.to包括(各种不同的人或物)；(价格、水平、温度等)处于某个范围之内Eg: She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from swimming instructor to consultant.8 .appreciate vt.欣赏；喜欢；感激 (+n./ pron./ doing)Eg:1>. You can completely appreciate the m

42、adam ' s grace just through her manners.2>.His idea raised in the debate was fully appreciated.3>.We appreciate your(help) us.学法点拨：固定句式(appreciate/ like/ dislike/ hate it + if/ when 从句)Eg:1>.We really appreciate it if you are willing to help. 如果你愿意帮忙，我们很感激。2>.I appreciated when she o

43、ffered to cut back on the debts.她主动削减债务，我很感激。9 .particular adj.尤其，特另1J固定搭配：in particular 尤其 be particular about 挑易 UEg:1>.In regard to climate change and conservation of environment, I gave a special speech at the conference and now I have nothing in particular to say.2>.I like meat in general

44、, and mutton in particular .3>.The girl(挑易U) friends and never grateful for everything others have done for her.10 .absorb v.吸收；使专心；使全神贯注固定搭配：absorb sth. (into.)吸收某物absorb oneself in (= be absorbed in) 某人被.吸弓I住，专注于 .Eg:1>.Plants absorb carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen.2>.When deeply (a

45、bsorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.3>.(陷入沉思中),he didn ，t hear the sound.三、短语归纳：l.take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事Eg: It ， s our duty to 采取措施保护 )rare species.2.including A = A includedEg:The topic covers several aspects, incl

46、uding economy, politics, military and diplomacy.(= The topic covers several aspects,economy, politics, military and diplomacy included.)A includes B= B is a part of A; A contains B= B is inside A 3.stop sb./ sth from doing sth.类似的表达:学法点拨：在 stop/ keep/ prevent sb./ sth. From doing sth.结构中，与stop,preve

47、nt连用的from在主动语态中可 省略，而与keep连用的from不可省略。若把 keep sb. From doing sth.中from省略。则成了另外一个结构 keep sb. doing sth.意为“使某人一直做某事“。在被动语态中，上述结构中的from都不可省略。Eg:What impressed me most was that the foreign government took immediate steps to stop the local armed groups from conflicting .4.under相关短语：(在.中)under way 在进行中und

48、er consideration 在考虑中under control在控制中5.part相关短语：do one ' s paB自己的职责under repair在修理中under discussion 在讨论中under pressure处在压力下under treatment 在治疗中under construction 在建设中under command在指挥中play a role/ part in 在.中扮演角色；在.中充当作用take part in 参力口play the role of 扮演.角色(a) part of的一部分take an active part in

49、积极参力口Eg:Falling over is part of learning how to ski.6.let相关短语:let off释放；饶恕；使爆炸let alone更不用说（用于否定句之后）Let down使沮丧，使失望let out发出（叫声）；透露四、经典句型:1 .The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.该中心有300多名科学家，他们致力于寻找阻止沙漠化的方法。句法分析:devoted to finding measures 作，修

50、饰; that弓I导 从句，修饰;句子主句成分分别是，主语,谓语，宾语.2 .Planting a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of satisfaction knowing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.译为：.句法分析：句子主句 成分分别是，主语 ,谓语，宾

51、语.主句 成分分别是，主语 ,谓语，宾语.when弓|导 从句，knowing 作 成分，that弓|导 从句。3.Although we produce carbon when we breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than that produced by a car.译为：.替代词that的用法：that用来特指上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词。复数用 those.Eg:1>.The teacher ' s attitude to the question is different from that(the att

52、itude) of the girl.2>.The goods made in our country are better than imported.相关用法：one用来替代上文提到的同类事物中的一个，表示泛指，相当于“ a/an+n."，复数用ones;it指代 上文中提到的同一事物。Eg:The umbrella you bought is cheaper than I bought.同步练习：一、单句语法填空：I.John likes to give the(impress) that he' s very popular and has lots of friends.2.On(arrive) at the police station, they were taken to an interview room.3 .They sold the goods(illegal) and were sent to prison at last.4 .The fire was caused by an(electricity) fault, which reminded us to be more careful.5 .