浅谈中医药膳学学习体会

1、浅谈中医药膳学学习体会姓名：许明贺学号:20110132030班级:11中西医结合B班随着科学技术的发展，人们的健康理念也随之发生了一定的变化由病后求治转向未病先防，这种理念深刻地影响着人们的思想观念和相关行为，尤其反应在饮食文化上。这所谓“药补不如食补”，虽颇有偏激但亦说明一定的问题。王永炎教授曾经说过，21世纪的医学不应该是继续以疾病为主要的研究领域，应当以人类和人群的健康作为主要的研究方向。“治未病”、“民以食为天”中国五千年的文化历史积淀有着深厚的饮食文化底蕴，形成了独具特色的中医药膳学。所谓中医药膳，即在中医理论指导下，根据人体健康状况和药食同源的原理，将适当的有药用功效的食品和适当

2、的中药相配伍，运用各种烹调技术制成的具有一定色、香、味、形和特定功效的食品。既有食品作用又有药品作用的美味佳肴，它比普通食品更有营养、保健、治疗作用。据文献记载,我国药膳食疗保健起源可以追溯到夏禹时代。相传仪狄曾作酒献给夏禹品尝以健体。诗经?风?七月所谓“为此春酒,以介寿眉”,是说酒有延缓衰老、益寿强身的作用。至商代,伊尹制汤液,著汤液经,以烹调之法疗疾。吕氏春秋?本味篇载有:“阳朴之姜,招摇.之桂”,姜和桂都是辛温之品,有抵御风寒的作用,又是烹调中常用的调味品。以此烹调成汤液,既是食品,又可是汤药,说明商代已有朴素的饮食疗法,这已经具有食疗药膳的雏型。周朝时周礼?天官所载的四种医中,食医居于

3、疾医、疮医、兽医之首。1973年湖南长沙马王堆三号汉墓出土的古医学帛anti-Japanesepatriotism.Undertheinfluenceoftheparty,Zhu,Wang,actinginstrictdiscipline,political,militaryqualityandcombateffectivenesshasimproved.Aswellasyouthservicecorps,women'sserviceandyoungpioneers,countryside-Japaneseperformance,postinganti-Japaneseslogans,

4、operateprivateschools,literacyclasses,founderoftheiron,andthetongueandthesound,sparksandotheranti-Japanesemimeographedtabloid,activelypromoteanti-Japanese.Hanchangrecoveryaftertheparty,thatis,"Jiangnananti-Japaneseguerrillapeoplesave,"ShenYingjie,XuAzhentoparticipateindevelopmentoftheChine

5、seCommunistParty,inOctoberandsetupawaterpartygroupinHongKong,Hanchanglongpartygroup.Meanwhile,Xuoncleaningtwowannan,demandingnewarmydeployedcadres,andhavesentmanynewprogressiveyouthtoreceivetraining.OnNovember9,sheng,WuXing,Nanxun,jiaxing,Tongxiang,Zonta,Hangzhou,wukangstrongholdssuchasElves,nearlya

6、llmen,togetherwiththeaircraft,boats,ZhuXiLu,pouncingontrooplocations.10th,theenemieshaveinvadedyanTomb,XinCheng,Wuzhen.11th,ZhuXiarmypieratBellHousewassurroundedbytheenemy,break,casualtieswillbegreat,CPCpartymemberXu,XuQuansheng,reallysomagnificentandheadofthreeWangYulin,alsodiedinthebattle.ZhuXiwit

7、hdrewtheremnantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.JieXuwiththenewcadres,CommunistpartyMrCHOW(Zhoukangyu)camefromsouthernAnhui.ZhuXiWeiCHOYforstaffofficers.Theendofunifiedleadership书,相传是战国前的医学著作,书中谈到了饮料保健的方法,特别强调了酒和韭的延年益寿和滋补强身的作用,其中云:“酒者,五谷之精气也,其人中散流,其人理也,彻而周”,韭“春三月食之,病疾不昌”(十问)。黄帝内经是我国现存的第

8、一部中医学典籍,书中提出了系统的食疗学理论,对我国的食养、食疗和药膳的实践产生了深远的影响。书中认为,饮食的五味必须调和,不能偏胜,偏胜则会引起疾病。“味过于酸,肝气以津,脾气乃绝;味过于苦,脾气不濡,胃气乃厚;味过于辛,筋脉沮弛,精神乃殃”、“是故谨和五味,骨正筋柔,气血以流,腆理以密,如实则筋骨以精。谨道如法,长有天命”。在该书中还强调药治与食治相结合的重要,灵枢?营卫生会说:“人受气于谷,谷人于胃,以传于肺,五脏六腑皆以受气,”素问?脏气法时论所说:“五谷为养,五果为助,五畜为益,五菜为充,气味合而服之,以补益精气。”素问?至真要大论说:“夫五味人胃,各归所喜,故酸先人肝,苦先人心,甘先

9、人脾,辛先人肺,咸先人肾”等论述。神农本草经是我国最早的一部药物学专著,共收载药物365种,其中载药用食物50种左右,如酸枣、橘袖、葡萄、大枣、海蛤、干姜、赤小豆、粟米、龙眼、蟹、杏仁、桃仁等,包括米谷、菜蔬、虫鱼、禽、肉等“食药物”，并记载了这些药物有“轻身延年”的功效。说明当时对于一些食物的药用价值已经给予重视和肯定。东汉著名大医学家张仲景伤寒杂病论中不乏有食疗药膳的有关内容,金匾要略著有“食禁”专篇,列举了治少阴咽痛的猪肤汤和治产后腹痛的当归生姜羊anti-Japanesepatriotism.Undertheinfluenceoftheparty,Zhu,Wang,actinginst

10、rictdiscipline,political,militaryqualityandcombateffectivenesshasimproved.Aswellasyouthservicecorps,women'sserviceandyoungpioneers,countryside-Japaneseperformance,postinganti-Japaneseslogans,operateprivateschools,literacyclasses,founderoftheiron,andthetongueandthesound,sparksandotheranti-Japanes

11、emimeographedtabloid,activelypromoteanti-Japanese.Hanchangrecoveryaftertheparty,thatis,"Jiangnananti-Japaneseguerrillapeoplesave,"ShenYingjie,XuAzhentoparticipateindevelopmentoftheChineseCommunistParty,inOctoberandsetupawaterpartygroupinHongKong,Hanchanglongpartygroup.Meanwhile,Xuoncleanin

12、gtwowannan,demandingnewarmydeployedcadres,andhavesentmanynewprogressiveyouthtoreceivetraining.OnNovember9,sheng,WuXing,Nanxun,jiaxing,Tongxiang,Zonta,Hangzhou,wukangstrongholdssuchasElves,nearlyallmen,togetherwiththeaircraft,boats,ZhuXiLu,pouncingontrooplocations.10th,theenemieshaveinvadedyanTomb,Xi

13、nCheng,Wuzhen.11th,ZhuXiarmypieratBellHousewassurroundedbytheenemy,break,casualtieswillbegreat,CPCpartymemberXu,XuQuansheng,reallysomagnificentandheadofthreeWangYulin,alsodiedinthebattle.ZhuXiwithdrewtheremnantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.JieXuwiththenewcadres,CommunistpartyMrCHOW(Z

14、houkangyu)camefromsouthernAnhui.ZhuXiWeiCHOYforstaffofficers.Theendofunifiedleadership肉汤,以及桂枝汤、百合鸡子黄汤等,这些食疗方至今还被临床所常用。至于之后的发展与繁荣更是不计其数，总之中国古代对于药膳的研究可谓百花争鸣。建国以后,特别是改革开放以来,药膳学也随着中医药事业的不断提高而进人了全面发展的新时期。尤其是现在,随着经济的迅猛发展和生活水平的提高,人们的健康观念在不断转变,老龄社会的到来,使得传统药膳对疾病的辅助治疗作用更加显示出其特有的优势。运用其防病治病的疗效优势,已广泛被国内外医学界和家庭所重

15、视。说到此，就应该谈谈药膳的应用以及原则了。首先我们要明了药膳的养正御邪的目的。药膳可养护正气、抵御外邪、提高机体的抗病能力。合理安排药膳、饮食可保证机体脏腑功能的旺盛，正如灵枢?五味所言:“天地之精气，其大数常出三入一，故谷不入半日则气衰，一日则气少矣。”只有“正气存内”，才能“邪不可干”。而药膳发挥了食物的特异性作用，可达到预防疾病的目的，如葱白、生姜、芫荽可预防感冒，绿豆汤防暑，山楂降脂预防动脉硬化，大蒜杀菌防治呼吸道和胃肠感染等。其次药膳的治则为未病先防、既病防变、瘥后防复。针对食物的四气五味等特性对脏腑、气血、阴阳的选择作用来调整脏腑的偏盛偏衰、气血失调及阴阳失衡，使得未病脏腑机能提

16、高、抵御外邪的能力增强。如，枸杞猪肝汤预防夜盲症，海带鲫鱼汤预防甲状腺肿大，番薯玉米羹预防脚气病。黄帝内经认为，口渴时服兰草汤，以阻截消渴病的发生。疾病的发展都有其规律可循，药膳作为重要的辅助治疗，根据其传变规律，辨证施膳可防止其传变。药膳antiJapanesepatriotism.Undertheinfluenceoftheparty,Zhu,Wang,actinginstrictdiscipline,political,militaryqualityandcombateffectivenesshasimproved.Aswellasyouthservicecorps,women'

17、sserviceandyoungpioneers,countryside-Japaneseperformance,postinganti-Japaneseslogans,operateprivateschools,literacyclasses,founderoftheiron,andthetongueandthesound,sparksandotheranti-Japanesemimeographedtabloid,activelypromoteanti-Japanese.Hanchangrecoveryaftertheparty,thatis,"Jiangnananti-Japa

18、neseguerrillapeoplesave,"ShenYingjie,XuAzhentoparticipateindevelopmentoftheChineseCommunistParty,inOctoberandsetupawaterpartygroupinHongKong,Hanchanglongpartygroup.Meanwhile,Xuoncleaningtwowannan,demandingnewarmydeployedcadres,andhavesentmanynewprogressiveyouthtoreceivetraining.OnNovember9,shen

19、g,WuXing,Nanxun,jiaxing,Tongxiang,Zonta,Hangzhou,wukangstrongholdssuchasElves,nearlyallmen,togetherwiththeaircraft,boats,ZhuXiLu,pouncingontrooplocations.10th,theenemieshaveinvadedyanTomb,XinCheng,Wuzhen.11th,ZhuXiarmypieratBellHousewassurroundedbytheenemy,break,casualtieswillbegreat,CPCpartymemberX

20、u,XuQuansheng,reallysomagnificentandheadofthreeWangYulin,alsodiedinthebattle.ZhuXiwithdrewtheremnantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.JieXuwiththenewcadres,CommunistpartyMrCHOW(Zhoukangyu)camefromsouthernAnhui.ZhuXiWeiCHOYforstaffofficers.Theendofunifiedleadership食疗可使已病脏腑机能增加，防止疾病的进一步进展。

21、患者在感受温热病邪时，服用养阴生津之品，防止进一步耗伤阴液，发生肺肾阴虚或肝肾阴虚之变。近年来随着疾病谱的改变，慢性病的比例不断增加，复发率亦随之增高。如瘥后再加以药膳调养，对巩固疗效及防止复发有显著疗效。如丹参粥、首乌大枣汤、桑椹茶等可以防止诸如高血压病、心绞痛、脑中风的复发。当归生姜羊肉汤可防止产后恶露不净、腹中绞痛等。再次，必须要强调三因治宜(即因地、因人、因时)，科学健康膳食。我国地域广阔，不同的气候条件、生活习惯，使人的生理活动和病理变化亦有不同，因此药膳亦应有差异。“南甜北咸，东辣西酸”就是不同地区的居民为了适应自然环境的一种生存需求而形成的饮食习惯。南方湿多热甚，宜食甘凉、甘寒、

22、辛凉等降火清化之品，忌辛辣、助阳、助火食物;北方地高气寒之地，饮食多热而滋腻，宜辛温、补阳、助火食物。“主性命者在乎人”，“修短寿天，皆自人为”。人们可以根据不同的年龄、体质选择不同的药膳，达到与自然界五运六气的协调而延年益寿。小儿脏腑娇嫩，不宜大寒大热;青年体壮，荤素搭配;壮年以后清淡为主，避免油腻、烈酒、辛辣，以免损伤脾胃;老人多肝肾不足，不宜温燥，更不可过食肥甘咸味，宜温、熟、软的食物;孕妇恐动胎气，不宜活血滑利之品。:“春气温，宜食麦以凉之;夏气热，宜食菽以寒之;秋气燥，宜食麻以润其燥;冬气寒，宜食黍以热性治其寒。”通过对中医药膳学的学习以及全面的了解，在老师的频频善诱下，我们学会了很

23、多东西，更增加了对药膳的了解与认知。学着烹饪，anti-Japanesepatriotism.Undertheinfluenceoftheparty,Zhu,Wang,actinginstrictdiscipline,political,militaryqualityandcombateffectivenesshasimproved.Aswellasyouthservicecorps,women'sserviceandyoungpioneers,countryside-Japaneseperformance,postinganti-Japaneseslogans,operatepriv

24、ateschools,literacyclasses,founderoftheiron,andthetongueandthesound,sparksandotheranti-Japanesemimeographedtabloid,activelypromoteanti-Japanese.Hanchangrecoveryaftertheparty,thatis,"Jiangnananti-Japaneseguerrillapeoplesave,"ShenYingjie,XuAzhentoparticipateindevelopmentoftheChineseCommunist

25、Party,inOctoberandsetupawaterpartygroupinHongKong,Hanchanglongpartygroup.Meanwhile,Xuoncleaningtwowannan,demandingnewarmydeployedcadres,andhavesentmanynewprogressiveyouthtoreceivetraining.OnNovember9,sheng,WuXing,Nanxun,jiaxing,Tongxiang,Zonta,Hangzhou,wukangstrongholdssuchasElves,nearlyallmen,toget

26、herwiththeaircraft,boats,ZhuXiLu,pouncingontrooplocations.10th,theenemieshaveinvadedyanTomb,XinCheng,Wuzhen.11th,ZhuXiarmypieratBellHousewassurroundedbytheenemy,break,casualtieswillbegreat,CPCpartymemberXu,XuQuansheng,reallysomagnificentandheadofthreeWangYulin,alsodiedinthebattle.ZhuXiwithdrewtherem

27、nantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.JieXuwiththenewcadres,CommunistpartyMrCHOW(Zhoukangyu)camefromsouthernAnhui.ZhuXiWeiCHOYforstaffofficers.Theendofunifiedleadership学着做菜、做饭，尝试才能出真知，在中医理论指导下，我们可以运用自己的想象和合乎规范的材料做出属于自己的药膳。让大家的生活更加幸福健康。anti-Japanesepatriotism.Undertheinfluenceoftheparty,Z

28、hu,Wang,actinginstrictdiscipline,political,militaryqualityandcombateffectivenesshasimproved.Aswellasyouthservicecorps,women'sserviceandyoungpioneers,countryside-Japaneseperformance,postinganti-Japaneseslogans,operateprivateschools,literacyclasses,founderoftheiron,andthetongueandthesound,sparksandotheranti-Japanesemimeographedtabloid,activelypromoteanti-Japan