五年制特微zhao单击此处编辑母版标题

1、 Actinomycetes General propertiesn1 ) . F i l a m e n t o u s prokaryotic microbes, form hyphaen2). Cell structure is similar to bacterian3 ) . s e n s i t i v e t o antibioticsn4). Actinomyces colonies - Sulphur granules（硫磺硫磺样颗粒）样颗粒） Pathogenicity Two important pathogenic genera : Actinomyces: eg.

2、A. israelii(衣氏放线菌衣氏放线菌) Nocardia: eg. N. Asteroides （星型诺卡（星型诺卡菌）菌） A. israelii N. asteroides G+ , non-acid fast G+ , acid fast anaerobic aerobic normal flora of oral in the soil endogenous infection exogenous infection pyogenic infection pyogenic infection actinomycosis（ cervicofacial pneumonia 、abd

3、ominal ） Laboratory diagnosis nSpecimens (pus, tissues) - Sulfur granulesTreatmentnantibiotics （ eg. Penicillin）nsurgical excision Mycoplasma I. Important properties1. The smallest free-living prokaryotic organisms that can grow in artificial media.2. Non-cell wall、 pleomorphic、 can pass through bac

4、terial filters3. some mycoplasma have specialized terminal structure （adhere to mucosal surfaces）4. Culture: “fried-egg” shape colony Mycoplasma （filamentous） terminal structure “fried-egg” shape colony 5. Resistant ： (1)week； 45 1530 min killed (2) resistant to penicillin, polymyxin 6. Note: differ

5、ence between Mycoplasma and bacterial L-form II. PathogenicitynMycoplasma(支原体属支原体属) * M.pneumoniae( Mp, 肺炎支原体肺炎支原体)nUreaplasma(脲原体属脲原体属) * U.urealyticum( Uu, 溶脲脲原体溶脲脲原体) 1. M. pneumoniae(MP) adhere to respiratory tract epithelial cell(P1 protein) release virulence products (H2O2) injure epithelial c

6、ell Disease: Primary atypical pneumonia，PAP (acute interstitial pneumonia) 2. Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) Disease: Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) - genitourinary tract infection(STD); RickettsiaHoward Taylor Ricketts History 1. small G- bacilli, 2. filterable 3. obligate intracellular parasites Impo

7、rtant propertises4. Transmitted by arthropod vector ( louse , flea, mite , tick ). (虱虱 蚤蚤 螨螨 蜱蜱)5. cause zoonosis.（major clinical findings：high fever, rash）6. sensitive to antibioticRickettsia route of transmission:R. prowazekii: - cause Epidemic typhus human lousehuman lousehumanhuman Epidemic typh

8、us route of transmission: rat rat flea rat louse rat flea human human rat R. mooseri - cause Endemic typhusA.Phogocytophilum (嗜吞噬细胞无形体嗜吞噬细胞无形体)- cause Human granulocyticanaplasmosis （HGA）人粒细胞无形体病人粒细胞无形体病.vector：Ticks Chlamydiae 汤飞凡汤飞凡中国第一代医学微生物学家中国第一代医学微生物学家年他首次分离出沙眼衣原体，是世界上年他首次分离出沙眼衣原体，是世界上发现重要病原体的

9、第一个中国人发现重要病原体的第一个中国人 。1. small prokaryotic microbes, filterable ,2. cell wall, similar to G- bacillus,3. obligate intracellular parasite,4. unique life-cycle ,5. sensitive to antibioticImportant propertisesunique life-cycle nelementary body -very little (0.3m ), infectious form;ninitial body- larger

10、 (1m ), non-infectious, replication form Inclusion body衣原体包涵体（碘染色）衣原体包涵体（碘染色）衣原体包涵体免疫荧光染色衣原体包涵体免疫荧光染色Classification 1.Chlamydia trachomatis :(1)Biovar trachoma : 14 serotypes (A - K)(2)Biovar lymphogranuloma Venereun(LGV): 4 serotypes (3)Biovar mouse 2. Chlamydia pneumoniae: 1 serotype3. Chlamydia p

11、sittaci Pathogenicity(1) C.trachomatis Trachoma - caused by A、B、Ba、C serotypes Genital-tract infection (NGU ), -caused by D- Kserotypes;Inclusion conjunctivitis - caused by B、Ba、D- K serotypes Lymphogranuloma venereun (LGV)(2) C. pneumoniarespiratory tract transmission pneumonia(children), coronary

12、heart disease ? Spirochetes Important propertises1. prokaryotic microbes, flexible, helical, possess an axial filament (active motile)2. sensitive to antibiotics (penicillin etc.)3. Dark-field microscope: Fontana silver stain: brown Classification: pathogenic organisms nLeptospira: Leptospira - Lept

13、ospirosisnTreponema: T. pallidium - syphilis(STD)nBorrelia: B.recurrentis -relapsing fever Leptospira T. pallidium B. recurrentisSection 1 LeptospiraDisease n Leptospirosis ( zoonotic disease ) infected animal (mouse/ pig) discharge urine water/soil human skin blood stream Leptospirosis recovery or

14、fatality (30%) Leptospirosis ZoonosesClinical type :(1). Pulmonary- hemorrhage type(2). Influenza- typhoid type (3). Jaundice- hemorrhage type(4). Renal-failure type(5). meningoencephalitis type Immunity nHumoral immunity; after two weeks, specific Ab can be examed Laboratory diagnosis n1. Direct sm

15、ear : Fontana silver stain Dark-field microscope n2. Culture: Korthof medium n3. PCR: n4. ELISA: IgM Section 2 T. pallidiumDisease n Cause syphilis (a common sexually transmitted disease ) nResistance: week nSexually transmitted - contact with mucous-membrane lesions* primary syphilis (10-60 days)* secondary syphilis(2-10 weeks later) * tertiary syphilis (several years later) 1)Sexual syphilis (acquired syphilis)2). Congenital syphilis organism pass th