一些讲义及笔记新题型二

1、唐叔新题型课程（二）英语二：第一：信息匹配题：2011.2012.2014。第二：中心思想题。一信息匹配：1.选项之间无干扰一、信息匹配简单。2.改写简单或无改写 3.2011 年英语二新题型Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about whatparents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood.Choose a heading from the list A- G that best fits the meaning of

2、each numbered part of the text （ 41- 45 ） . There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate（争论） over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding thatministers impose "fat

3、 taxes" on unhealthy food and introducecigarette- style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.（关于促进公众的健康方面的争论）The demands follow comments last week by the healthsecretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could notforce people to make healthy choices and promised to f

4、reeon.siatehgomunlretcresbhufeisalipublBouetrsguesrmniiwcalfedaionsotodetoftp-tslatsouftt asl,ngnagthsodfoispuhfirciti tacdtevri retsngorpen,sieacshrolorm,upsatgnadrpshsoiniosorfltspsoevrntbyoadtsfosdpurcusecrhasM.scDd'onalTheyguearhatngmoevronesntiacitnyeceasortbcuresngatofoirnhoyodatiftlunsrhc

5、aetanldapdpsntd'ihealailt iBreosesraobPefsaeaestn.rdidit,yheartobeisenTcerepShetnson,dcsasdiahnhed,idgeneoHtftlrReClisoCaepofPatahryliaoeldihehtacotnusothomnyodftdoiufnhshopebuateleseonaustbtsejdamngagnasig.msnkingeiobkirdir（难以理解）wtdsyohuaeyeaivalgrtob,ernThi"eavnbcolnceiomhtaevnediagaibano

6、nmshnegnactewopiakikpunoibdlro,srsheaytiwhatwe haev now.eAngrowitelbeutslwasjiacgoeuo?ynrueswpsIedtcotrifobueshlisgawtgetsedhsoul.sodroecnt'drhealhdoetesUrfctlhKasi"i'be,eyLanlshmasareahdl tchamealsgnerpabinygusighetshanhetrngamtyoevreoarHahwnkeded.udhestntsaetltaintasipsdysonecoasrnmui

7、dleiorcfruercotanacftnufeolayraplrcentni hetChangeorf efcamLignpaiecehepitor,fncgemnotevr entHne.snsgethoayosihsnadsietatbtoalfohoetsarlfefsedci i t icrhetememtoatpltotievprcsihoflpgrsh-hyi'chtefJvrameiebOricel（跨段）lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was notthe be

8、st way to change their behaviour.Stephensonsuggestedpotential restrictions couldincludebanning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar beforethe 9 pm watershed and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "Ifwe were really bold, we might even begin to think of high- calorie fas

9、tfood in the same way as cigarettes by setting stringent limits onadvertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events,"he said.Such a move could affect firms suchas McDonald's, whichsponsorstheyouthcoachingschemerunbytheFootballAssociation.Fast- foodchainsshouldalsostopoffering&

10、quot;inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone creditto lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College ofPsychiatrists, said: "If children are taught about the impact that foodhas on their growth, and that some things can harm,

11、at leastinformation is available up front."He also urged（呼吁） councils（委员会，这里是指） toimpose "fast- food- free zones（地域）" around schools and hospitals areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokessaid: "We need to createa new vision for public health where al

12、l of society works together togethealthyandlivelonger.Thisincludescreatinganew'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, notstate regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper settingout exactly how we will achieve this."The food industry will be a

13、larmed that such senior doctors back suchradical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tacticsthat have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.A “ fat taxes” should be imposed on fast- food producers such as McDonald sB the government should banfast- food outlets in the nei

14、ghborhood of schools41.Andrew Lansley held that（）C “ lecturing” was an effective way to improve school lunches in England42.Terence Stephenson agreed that（D）D cigarette- style warnings should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet43.Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that（C）E the pro

15、ducers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change for Life campaign44.Dinesh Bhugra suggested that（B）F parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home45.A Department of Health spokesproposed that（G）G the government should strengthen the s

16、ense of responsibility among businesses2012 年英语二新题型Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on A

17、NSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)Universal history, the history of what man has accomplishedin this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who haveworked here,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well,not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite histor

18、ical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we nowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance,

19、 the writing ofhistory meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De VirisIllustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconquering fortune and rising to the top. This w

20、as the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romanticscommemorated the lead

21、ing painters and authors of their day,stressing the uniqueness of the artist'srather than public glory. By contrast, theal experienceVictorian authorSamual Swrote Self- Help as a catalogue of the worthylives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuableexamples which they furni

22、sh of the power of self- help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in theformulation of truly nobleand many character, exhibit,"wrotepower of each to accomplish for of James Walt, Richard ArkwrightS."what it is in thehimself." His biographiesand Josia

23、h Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused hisbiographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, OliverCromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitat

24、e, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, itpossessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: “ It is man,real, living man who does all that.”And history should be thestory of the masses and their record of struggle. A

25、s such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“ Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly fou

26、nd, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation ofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from

27、 gender to race to culturalstudies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.作业：2014 年信息匹配题A emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.41. Petrarch（A）B highlighted the public glory of the l

28、eading artists.42. Niccolo Machiavellli（F）C focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.43. Samuel Smiles（G）D opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.44. Thomas Carl yle（C）E held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggl e.45. M

29、arx and Engels（E）F dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.G depicted the worthy lives of engineerindustrialists and explorers.二、中心思想题（英语二）第一，串线法：将各段首末句串联成一个整体，注意转折处。分析句与句之间的逻辑关系（相同或相反，如 now，but， yet.etc.）（从而在各句中心取交集，放之四海而皆准的方法）第二，中心句法：问题开头提问的回答 独句段（一段话由一个句子组成，对问句的回答，与中心思想有关）第三，中心词法：文

30、中反复出现的高频词。（同义替换和同义表达，而且不止一个）先题后文原则2010 年 Text125.The most appropriate title（中心思想题标志） for this text could be _错误选项分析:AFluctuation of Art Prices 艺术品价格的波动（细节信息）BUp- to- date Art Auctions 最新的艺术品拍卖（以偏概全）DShifted Interest in Arts 艺术对其错误理解）正确选项分析:CArt Market in Decline 处于的转移（原文细节，而且的艺术品市场（全文中心词 Art Market，

31、decline 同义改写）第一段:The longest bull run（牛市） in a century of art- market history ended.第 二 段 :The world art market had already been losing momentum （势头）第三段：In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst s sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.第四段:The current downturn（的） in the art marke

32、t is theworst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.2013 年英语二阅读25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?错误选项分析:ABDNew Law Takes Effect 新法律生效（细节信息）Technology Goes Cheap 技术变得廉价（背景介绍）有害（背景介绍）Recession Is Bad正确选项分析:C Average Is Over （重复中心主

33、旨）第一段:In an essay entitled （称作）“ Making It in America” , the author Adam Davidson relates （ 叙述） a joke from cottoncountry about just how much a modern textile mill has beenautomated（使自动化）第二段:Davidsons article is one of a number of pieces thathave recently appeared making the point（证明一个论点） thatthe re

34、ason we have such stubbornly （ 顽 固 的 ）highunemployment and declining middle- class incomes today islargely because of the big drop（下降） in demand because of the Great Recession,but it is also because of the advances （发展，前进）in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are mor

35、e rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.（独句段）小短句 1.Davidson s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that （A that B that C 自问自答）小短句 2.the reason we have such stubbornly（顽固的） high unemployment and declining middle- class incomes

36、today is largely because of the big drop（下降） in demand because ofthe Great Recession小短句 3.but it is also because of the advances （发展，前进） in both globalization and the information technology revolution 小短句 4.（修饰 advances） which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worke

37、rs.第 三 段 :In the past, workers with average skills, doing anaverage job ， could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially（正式） over（中心主旨）.第四段:Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, andalways will. But（不仅仅表转折，而且还表递进） there s been acceleration. As Davidson notes,第五段:There

38、will always be changed new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure（肯定的） isthat with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution（） , the best jobs will require workers to have more andbetter education to make themselves above average.提高自身附加值的建议第六段： In a world wh

39、ere average is officially over.2014 年 Text125. This text mainly discusses how to_.错误选项分析:A balance feeling good and spending money 在感觉良好和花钱方面取得平衡（原文没有提及）B spend large sums of money won in lotteries 花掉玩赢来的大笔钱（细节信息）D become more reasonable in spending on luxuries 在奢侈品方面变得更为理智（细节信息）正确选项分析:C obtain last

40、ing satisfaction from money spent 从花钱上获得长久满足感（符合原文意思，串线法）第一段:What would you do with 590m? This is now a questionfor Gloria Mackenzie, an 84- year- old widow （ 寡妇） who recently emerged （冒出）from her small, tin- roofed house inFlorida to collect the biggest undivided （ 未的） lotteryjackpot （头奖）in history

41、. If she hopes her new- found fortunewill yield （ 产生） lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than （肯定的逻辑关系，推荐.） read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.设问引出主题第二段:These two academics（大学教师） use an array （大批） of behavioral （ 行为） research to show that the most rewarding ways t

42、o spend money can be counter（反方向的） intuitive（本能的)第三段 This slim volume is packed with（充满了） tips to helpwage slaves as well as（ 和） lottery winners get the most“ happiness bang（痛快，） for your buck（钱，元）.”第四段:Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged（有特权的）lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.

43、Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries aregenerally happier than those in poor ones.2014 年 Text335. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?错误选项分析:A How to Innovate Our Work Practices 如何改变我们的工作实践（没有涉及 Machines）将代替人类劳动B Machines will Repla

44、ce Human Labor（与原文意思相反）下滑促进创D Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations新产生（没有涉及 Machines） 正确选项分析:C Can We Win the Race Against Machines 我们是否可以赢得与竞争的机会（符合原文）第一段:The concept of man versus（对抗） machine is at leastas old as the industrial revolution, but（递进） this phenomenontends to be most acutely （地） feu

45、ring economicdownturns and fragile（易碎的） recoveries.第二段: When there is exponential （迅速增长的）improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune（免于.的影响） from automation（自动化） suddenly become threatened.第三段:This is a powerful argument, and a scary （可怕的）one.And

46、yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and othermiss （错过）the reasonbooks, says Brynjolfsson andwhy these jobs are so vulnerable（易受in the first place.的） to technology第四段:Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S that tendto be “ tightly scripted（照稿子念）”and “ highly standardized（标准）”ones that l

47、eave no room（没有空间） for “ individualinitiative（主动权） or creativity.第五段: It s time to reinvent （重新使用）the formula（公式） for how work is conducted.第 六 段 :As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson andtouched on （提及）this point in their book. We need to（与作者观点保持一致） reframe（再构造） race against the machine as race with the mac

48、hine.帮助解题：1. 串联题干2. 抓作者态度2011 年 Text226. By saying Newspapers like. their own doom (Lines 3- 4,Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper .27. Some newspapers refused delivery（投递） to distantsuburbs probably because.28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more s

49、table because they.29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about thecurrent newspaper business?30. The most appropriate title for this text would be.正确选项分析:A American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival 美国报业:挣扎生存（符合原文）错误选项分析:B American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind 美国报业:随风而逝（运用了比喻手法，也是具有文艺

50、气息的一个选项） CAmerican Newspapers: A Thriving Business 美国报业:繁荣产业（与原文意思相反）DAmerican Newspapers: A Hopeless Story 美国报业:毫无希望（说法绝对，不符合原文）2012 年 Text121.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_.22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_.23. According to Paragrap

51、h 3,one problem with the policy is that it may_.24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether_.25. A suitable title for this text could be_.错误选项分析:AWrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy 一项教育政策的错误解读（与原文意思相反）BA Welcomed Policy for Poor Students受贫困学生欢迎一项政策

52、（与作者观点,干扰性最强）CThorny Questions about Homework 关于家庭作业棘手问题（局部信息） 正确选项分析:DA Faulty Approach to Homework 处理家庭作业错误方法（符合原文）此题目与 2010 年英语一的第一篇阅读文章的最后一题出题方式如出一辙（温馨提示：人间正道是沧桑）2013 年 Text226. “ Birds of passage”refers to those who_.27. It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigrationsystem in the US_

53、.28. According to the author, today s birds of passage want_.29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated_.30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?错误选项分析:A Come and Go: Big Mistake 来去自由:大错特错（与原文意思相反）B Living and Thriving : Great Risk 生存和发展:巨大原文意思相反，原文没有提及）（与C With or Without : Great Risk 接纳与否:巨大有提及，且找不到对应处）正确选项分析:（原文没D Le