句子成分专题(带答案)

1、戴氏教育达州西外校区名校冲刺戴氏教育温馨提醒：暑假班是学习的大好时机，可以在这两个月的时间里，学习新知识，总结旧知识，查漏补缺，稳固提高。在这个充满热情的季节，祝你学习轻松愉快.“句子成分”专题讲解一、 考点、热点回忆1、五种基本句子结构2，句子的成分划分二、 单元重点、难点、考点精讲1、 五种基本句子结构的特别句型2、 句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。(一） 初中英语五种基本句子结构 S + V 即 “主 + 谓”。特点：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需跟宾语，但有时可跟副词，介词短语等作状语。Eg: He laughed. John has read wid

2、ely . He lives in Chengdu. S + V + O 即 “主 + 谓 + 宾”特点：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语。Eg: Our team beat all the others. S + V + P 即“主 + 系 + 表”特点：谓语动词是系动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个说明主语特征、身份、状态的表语，常见系动词有be(am, is , are“是”)， become“成为”， get“变化“，turn，grow， look， feel， smell, taste, sound, seem, keep, stay等。Eg: The ro

3、se smells sweet. He is a math teacher. S + V + INO + DO.即“主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”。特点：谓语动词有两个宾语；这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，通常要加介词 for 或 to， 可跟说宾语的动词有answer, bring, buy, find, get, give, lend, make, pass, pay, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write等。Eg: He told me an interesti

4、ng story.Would you please give this book to me? S + V + O + OC.即“主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”。特点：谓语动词虽然有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须加上另外一个成分宾语补足语对宾语补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。Eg : We must keep our school clean.S = Subject 主语 V=Verb 谓语动词 P = Predicative 表语 O= Object 宾语 INO = Indirect Object 间接宾语 Do= direct objec

5、t 直接宾语 OC= object complement宾语补足语二句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语英语句子和汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清楚不同词类在句中充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐到达流利地说出地道的英语。 主语S：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。1The car is running fast. (名词)2） We are students. 代词3） One of my classmates is from Che

6、ngdu. 数词4） Its bad manner to spit in public. 不定式5） Eating too much is bad for your health. (动名词) 注意： 假设不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式或短语放在句后。 谓语: 说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分。一般由动词充当。动词分为： 实义动词：play、go、run等。 连系动词：be(am、is、are), smell、feel、see、find。 情态动词：can、may、should、must、need 助动词 ：do、does、did、be等。注意：谓语部分的划分

7、。 实义动词单独作谓语、 连系动词和表语一起构成谓语。 情态动词与省略to的不定式结构合成谓语。 助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语。Eg: 1), He works in a factory. (实义动词)。2), I felt cold . (系动词 + 表语)3), I can speak English. ( 情态动词 + 实义动词)4), Do you speak English ? (助动词 + 实义动词)5), They are working in a field. (助动词 + 实义动词)注意：谓语与主语在人称和数方面要相互照应。宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定

8、式及动名词等充当。1） He is doing his homework. (名词)2） They did nothing this morning. ( 代词)。3） She wants to go home. (不定式)注意： 有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give, buy, lend, pass, tell, leave等。 1), please give me your money. 2), Please give your money to me.直接宾语一般放在间宾之后，假设把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词to 或for.有的动

9、词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类词有：“want, wish, hope, promise, decide, chose, care等 + to do sth.”Eg: I hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。如：Enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, keep on等Eg : I enjoy playing basketball.定语：用于修饰名词或代词。一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式或等充当。1), What a beautiful follower it is. 形容词2), She is a chemis

10、try teacher. (名词)3), There are two students in the classroom. (数词)4), We have something to do tomorrow. (不定式)注意： 定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但假设修饰不定代词或不定式等短语，不定代词： something, everything, nothing, anything 等，则放在后面。状语： 用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语放在被修饰词之前。短语或从句在句首或句末：1), I get up at five in the mor

11、ning. (介词短语)2), He is studying hard so as to catch up with others. ( 不定式)3), We were having breakfast when the telephone rang. (从句)注意：enough 作状语，能放在被修饰词之后。表语： 用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受。一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用连系动词有：be, look, get, sound, feel, become, smell, turn, taste.等1， They are workers. (名词)2， Two and three

12、is five. ( 数词)3， The story is very interesting. (形容词)4， My job is teaching English. 动名词5， She is at home. 介词短语补语宾语补足语： 宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell, let, help, teach, ask, see, have, order, make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词充当。1), We elected him monitor . (名词)2), I found it difficult to learn English.

13、 (形容词)3), The doctor told me to do more exercise . (不定式)4), He is going to have his hair cut. (过去分词)5), They saw a bird flying in the sky. (现在分词)三、 典型例题分析句子结构1How can I get to the station? 2We enjoy playing football. 3I feel terrible.四、课堂练习勾画并标注出以下句子的成分：1, I want to look for myself.2, He was wrong !

14、3, My friends give me a big football.4, My life will be letter.5, We have to wear a uniform to school. 1, Yang Liwei is a famous Chinese astronant.2, The teacher ask me to clean the classroom.3, She can speak English and Chinese.4, Predicting the future can be difficult.5, The head of one of the big

15、gest movie companies in the United States predicted that no one would want to see actors talk.五、课后练习(一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework

16、 without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There

17、 will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.

18、A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出以下句中的宾语 My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D People all over the wor

19、ld speak English.A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D They made him monitor of the cl

20、ass.A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.A B C D(四) 挑出以下句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D

21、 The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D She was the first to learn about it.A B C D(五) 挑出下例句中的定语 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D What is your given name?A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D I am afraid some peop

22、le forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A B C D(六) 挑出下例句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D She found it dif

23、ficult to do the work.A B C D They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?A B C D(七) 挑出下例句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.A B C D Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D I am afraid that if