Unit7BritishEducationSystem(英国的教育体制)

1、Unit7BritishEducationSystem（英国的教育体制）一、本单元重点内容1. ThepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystem（英国教育体制的目的）2. Therelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass（教育与社会等级之间的关系）3. Theinfluenceofthechurchonschooling（教会对于学校教育的影响）4. The1944EducationAct（1944 年的教育法）5. Comprehensiveschool英（招收学生时不分资质的）综合中学6. Grammarschool（文法

2、学校）7. TheNationalCurriculum（全国教学大纲）8. publicschool（英国的）私立中学9. GCSEGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation（中学毕业证书）10. GCE-AGeneralCertificateofEducation-Advanced（高级水平测试结业证书）11. GNVQsGeneralNationalVocationalQualifications（国家专业资格证书）12. OldUniversities（古老的大学）13. OpenUniversity（开放大学）二、本单元重、难点辅导1. thepurp

3、oseoftheBritisheducationsystem“ThethreeRs（reading,ritingandtoprovidehmieiitenWith）literacyandtheotherbasicskillstheywillneedtobecomeactivemembersofsocietyandalsotosocialisechildren,teachingthemrulesandvaluesneededtobecomegoodcitizens,toparticipateinthecommunity,antocontributetotheeconomicprosperityo

4、fanadvancedindustrialeconomy.教授学生 3R 课程（即读、写、算），为学生积极参与社会提供所需的基本知识和基本技能，同时使学生社会化，教授他们一些成为好公民所应具备的道理规范和价值观，以便能走上社会，为一个发达的工业化国家的经济繁荣作贡献。2. therelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass1）classinequalitycanbeerasedorcontinuedaccordingtoeducationalpolicy（教育政策可以铲除地位的不平等，也可以使这种不平等继续存在。这说明在英国，是否受到良好教育直接影响到你

5、的社会地位）2）theschooltieisaclearmarkerofsocialclass校服的领带是社会阶级的一个明显标志3）thefamousboyspublicschool（私立中学）：Eton（伊顿公学，位于伦敦以西）andWinchester（温切斯特公学，位于英格兰南部）4）the“right“universities:0Xfor-（）（andCambridge（佥 U 桥）（nicknamed:Oxbridge）3. theinfluenceofthechurchonschoolingHistorically,educationwasvoluntaryandmanyofthe

6、schoolsthatexistedweresetupbychurches.TheinfluenceoftheChurchonschoolingisstillstrong:religiouseducationwastheonlysubjectwhichthestateinsistedallschoolsteachtheirpupils.Dailyprayersandsinginghymnsisstillaregularpartofschoollife.Changes:Christianityisnolongertheonlyreligionofficiallyrecognized.Somest

7、ate-fundedschoolshaveIslamicreligionastheircreed.*In1989,thegovernmentintroducedaNationalCurriculum(全国教学大 ZW).Ithasreintroducedcompetitionbetweenschools.4. The1944EducationActThe1944EducationActmadeentrytosecondaryschoolsanduniversities“meritocraticChildrenwouldbeadmittedtoschoolsnotbecausetheywereo

8、fcertainsocialclassorbecausetheirparentspossessedacertainamountofmoney,butbecauseoftheabilitiestheydisplayed.Allchildrenweregiventherighttoafreesecondaryeducationandthemainconcernwastomakesuremorechildrenhadaccesstoagoodeducation.1944 年教育法的颁布使中学和大学都录取才智和能力出众的学生。二次世界大战期间，英国进行了教育改革，1944 年颁布了教育法。新的教育法强

9、调平等就学的机会，无论家庭出身如何，父母财富多少，只要有真才实学就可以上中学和大学。所有的孩子都可以免费接受中学教育，主要是为了让更多的孩子有机会接受良好的教育。5. thepresenteducationsystem*stateschools&private/independentschools(inUK,calledpublicschools 公学，指私立中学)Independentschools:arecommonlycalledpublicschoolswhichreceivetheirfundingthroughtheprivate.sectorandtuitionrates

10、,withsomegovernmentassistance.Independentschoolsarenotpartofnationaleducationsystem,butthequalityofinstructionandstandardsaremaintainedthroughvisitsfromHerMajestysInspectorsMtSdools)(Theseschoolsarerestrictedtothestudentswhoseparentsarecomparativelyrich.独立学校经常被称之为公学”，通过私营部门、学费和一些政府援助筹集资金。独立学校不是国民教育体

11、系的一部分，但其教学质量和标准要靠视学员的巡视得以维持。只有哪些有钱人家的孩子才上得起独立学校。1) .pre-primaryschooling(uptoage5)nurseryschools(托儿所),daycare(托儿所的日托),orplaygroups*fromagesof5(4inNorthernIreland)to16,educationiscompulsory2) .primaryschooling(5-11,6years)-mainlystatesector,co-educational/mixedprimaryschools3) .secondaryschooling(11-

12、around19,7years)1 1comprehensiveschools(90%;admitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheiracademicabilitiesandprovideageneraleducation,teachingstudentseverythingfromacademicsubjectslikeliteraturetomorepracticalsubjectslikecooking)综合性中学是当今英国最普遍的中学。这样的中学在招收学生时不考虑学生的学习能力，提供普通教育，向学生传授学术课程(如文学)到实用课程(如烹饪)等广泛的知识。2 2

13、grammarschools(a).selectchildrenattheage11throughanexaminationcalledthe11-plus”,iwhichthosewhogetthehighestmarksgotogrammarschools;b).layemphasisonadvancedacademicsubjectsratherthanthemoregeneralcurriculumofthecomprehensivesandexpectmanyoftheirpupilstogoontouniversities;c).thegrammarschool/non-gramm

14、arschooldivisionisstillcommoninNorthernIreland,butthroughouttherestofGreatBritaingrammarschoolarebecomingincreasinglyrare)文法学校是英国的一种中学。文法学校通过“1-plusT 试来选拔学生。一般是 11 岁的孩子参加这个考试，得到最高分数的那些孩子可以进入文法学校。这些学校把重点放在高级学术课程上，而不是综合性中学提供的那些普通课程，这些学校希望他们的学生能够尽可能多地考上大学。在北爱，文法学校与非文法学校之间的区别还很明显，但在英国其它地方，文法学校越来越少。*afte

15、r5yearsofsecondaryschooling,ataboutage16,exceptScottishstudents,thestudentssittheirGCSEexams(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation)中学毕业证书考试 thentheycan:1quitschool;2orpreparetosituniversityentranceexams;Thosewhohopetoattenduniversitycarryontheiracademicstudyinthe6thformforafurther2yearsandthensitA-

16、levelsexams(GeneralCertificateofEducation-Advanced 高级水平测试结业证书)3orconcentrateonvocationaltrainingGNVQs(GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications 国家专业资格证书)：thevocationalequivalentofA-levels4).highereducation1onlyoneprivatelyfundeduniversity:theUniversityofBuckingham2oldestuniversities:EnglandOxford(12th

17、C.)andCambridge(13thC.)Scotland:StAndrews,Glasgow,EdinburghandAberdeen(阿伯丁)from14thand15thcenturiespolytechnics(多科性理工学院)4 4OpenUniversityTheOpenUniversitywasfoundedinBritaininthe1960sforpeoplewthemightnotgetopportunityforhighereducationforeconomicandsocialreasons.Itsopentoeverybodyanddnotdemandthesameformaleducationalqualificationsastheotheruniversities.UniversitycoursesarefollowedthroughTV,radio,correspondence,videoandanetworkofstudycenters.AttheendoftheirstudiesattheOpenUniversity,successfulstudentsareawardedauniversitydegree.英国开放大学成立于 20 世纪 60 年代，主要针对那些因为经济和社会原因而没有机会接受高等教育的人。它向