146高中英语语法导学案之状语从句

1、高中英语语法导学案之状语从句学习目标：使学生懂得状语从句的定义，句法功能，分类，引导词，及各类状语从句的用法，联系高考试题提高学生分析和解决问题的能力。学习方法：自主学习讲义内容，独立完成题目并且小组讨论达标练习和巩固练习。概念及分类：句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句；复合句中从句可分为定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句。用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句；4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.让步状语从句；7.比较状语从句；8.方式状语从句；9.结果状语从句。时间状语从句when, whil

2、e 和 as1,when, 观察下面例句，总结其用法：When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When the film ended, the people went back.总结：从句表示的动作, 主句和从句的先后关系在下列句子中，when 的含义是：,做为并列连词。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rainShe was on

3、the point of going to shop when the telephone rang.Hardly had I arrived when the train left.He had just finished his home work when someone asked him to play basketball.总结： : ;观察下列句子中when 的含义：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.Why do you want a new

4、job when you have got such a good one?when表示条件，意思接近 在情况下”whenever:I go to the theater whenever I get the chance.(每当, 每次 )Come and see me whenever you want to. (在任何时候)2,while , 观察例句并总结用法：We were listening/listened to the radio while he was reading newspaper.I like tea while helike coffee.Please don t

5、 talk so lowuhdile others are working.总结： while 引导的从句谓语动词必须是, 常用 时。作为并列连词，表示，翻译成；语气比but 。把 while 的含义写在后面括号内：While we didn t agree, we continue to be good friends. ()While they are my neighbors, I don t know them( well.)While there is life, there is hope.()Strike the iron while it is hot.()总结： while

6、除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导。3. as引导时间状语从句：As time goes on, it s getting warmer and warmer.He hurried home, looking behind as he went.从属连词as 可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为或者 温馨提示：当主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when ,while ,as 可互换使用。When /While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old frie

7、nd of mine.题组训练用while， when， as 填空： I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store. John arrived, I was cooking lunch. he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening. How can he get good grades he won t study? I was wandering th rough the streetI caught s

8、ight of a tailor s shop. the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, nosooner than ，hardly(scarecely,barely)when这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.

9、No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.注意：在 no sooner than ;hardly/scarcely/barelyWhen 中，主句用 ,从句使用 时态。此外，当把no sooner 或 hardly 等提到句首时，应用语序。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly .I had no sooner come home than it

10、 began to rain.=No sooner .题组训练英译汉：They phoned immediately they reached home.The year my brother joined the army I graduated from the high school.I had waited for 3 hours by the time the train arrived.( 注意主句时态：)Every time I see her, she is always busy.I want to see her the moment she arrives.表示时间的名词

11、或名词短语也可以引起时间状语从句，如 till until 和 not until He remained there until she arrived.You may stay here until the rain stops.He won t go to beduntil she returns.Until you told me I have no idea of it.It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.观察以上各

12、句，找出用法。肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是, 意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。否定句：主句谓语动词必须是, 意为某动作直到某时间才开始。可以用于句首，而不可以。在强调句型中not until 两词在一起不分开；句首时，要倒装。题组训练句型转换I didn t leave until she came back.she came back leave.not until she came backI . before ,after 和 since1 .before,在之前：翻译下面的句子：Look before you leap. Allthings are difficultbefore t

13、hey are easy.把下列各句中的before 的含义写在后面：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. （）We hadn t run a milbeefore he felt tired.（）Please write it down before you forget it.（）Before I could get in a word, he had measured me （） before 构成的固定句型，看例句总结：It will be a year before you leave school.I

14、t was a long time before I got to sleep again.It will be +before （ 谓语动词用）It was +before（ 谓语动词用）2 .since：I have written home four times since I came here.She has been working in this factory since he left school.I have seen her twice since he lived here.总结： since 从句的谓语动词一般是动词， 主句的谓语动词是延续性或者反复发生的动作。主句

15、时态为, 从句时态为。从句动词若是延续性动词，则表示。概括 since 构成的句型，：It is three years since the war broke outIt is three years since I smoked a cigar.It was years since I had seen her.把以上句子翻译成汉语。在 “ It is + 一段时间+ since 从句 ”句型中，时间的计算一律从从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。3. after在之后I will tell them after you leave (you have leave ).I told them

16、after you left/ had left .你 能 发 现after 之 后 的 时 态 吗 ？ 三 地点状语和原因状语从句1 地点状语 引导词为和 .请填写：You are free to go you like.Go back you come from.Make a mark you have any questions.翻译下列句子：Where there is a will, there is a way. Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. 以上两句where 从句表示抽象含义，从句必须放在主句之前。注意区分where 引导的

17、状语从句和定语从句题组训练,判断下列各句中包括什么从句：Go back to the place where you come from. ()This is the shop where I bought my bike. ()Go back where you come from.()Make a mark where you have any questions. ()总结：你是根据什么作出判断的？2 .原因状语从句引导词：because, as, since, now that, 每个连词的含义不尽相同，观察例句总结用法：Why were you absent from the mee

18、ting? Because I was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.Now that/Since everybody is here, let s begin our class.Since you are busy, you don t have to go.总结： because 表示 , 用来回答提出的问题；as 和 since 表示, as 可以翻译成,since 翻译成 ;as 的位置可以在主句前或者后，而since ,now that 只能在主句.此外， for, 并列连词，也可表示原因，起补充说明的作用。It

19、 must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.四 .目的状语从句和结果状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有从属连词I will speak slowly you can understand me.we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.在口语中，so that 引导从句时，可以省略。We will seat near the front so (that) we can hear more clearly.The boy hid himself behind the

20、tree his father ( should ) see him.for fear that, in case, lest 引导目的状语从句，谓语动词可以使用should +动词原形。引导结果状语从句的引导词有观察例句，概括结构：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned so little

21、 money that he couldn t support his family.当so或such置于句首时，主要倒装语序。So clever a student that he was able to work out the difficult problem.题组训练：用so 或 such 填空It is surprising that little worms eat many grains.He is smart a boy that I like him very much.Can you believe that in a rich country there should

22、be many poor people?思考：suchas结构中，as引导的是什么从句？观察下面的句子并作出回答：I never heard such stories as he tells. Please send such ones as you have tomorrow. 比较suchthat并得出结论： 五 . 条件状语和方式状语从句条件状语从句从属连词 引导条件状语。You will fail the exam unless you study hard.You will fail the exam you study hard.you don t lose heart, you

23、will succeed.当 if 从句的条件不是真实的或难以实现的条件时，要用.If I (know) his address, I ( tell) you.If you (come) here yesterday, you (see) her.If it (rain) tomorrow, I (stay) at home.条件状语从句中也可以省略Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.He has no money. If (there is)any, he will give you some.We all know that, if (it is)not c

24、arefully dealt with, the situation will get worse. 在条件状语从句中时态问题：You will find a way if you use your head.Don t leave the room unless the teachetrells you to. 方式状语从句引导词有Do as you are told to, or you will be fired.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.I feel as if I have a fever.as if

25、或 as through 引导的从句有时需要用语气。从句中也可以采用省略形式：She stood at the gate, as if (she was)waiting for someone. 温馨提示： 在时间状语从句，让步，条件及方式状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致，并且谓语动词中有be 动词的时候，从句中的主语和系动词一块儿省略。六 . 让步状语从句和比较状语从句 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的从属连词有He is unhappy, he has a lot of money.it was raining hard, yet they went on playing foot

26、ball. I were busy, I would go Even though/if it is raining, I (go) there.as引导让步状语从句，从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形置于句首，需用倒装语序。汉译英(as)：1 . 尽管他是孩子，她却懂得很多。2 .虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。, I won t buy it, for it s too expensive.3 .不管他怎样努力，还是找不到工作。, he couldn t find a job.though 引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装; although 引导的从句不倒装。Whether yo

27、u believe it or not, it is trueWhatever you say (=), he won t believe you.Wherever (=) you go, I will go.Whoever (=) you are , you must obey the rules.While 在正式文体中，也可以引导让步状语从句，如：While I admit that there are problems, I don t agree that they can t be solved.比较状语从句than, as asHe is taller than I (am)To

28、m is as old as his brother(is).He studies harder than we expect.I admire and respect you more than I can say.翻译下面的句子：I like you better than he (likes you) I know you better than (I do) herthan 为从属连词,引导比较状语从句，因此后面跟人称代词的主格形式，谓语动词通常省略。than 做介词，则可以跟人称代词的宾格。思考： as 有哪些用法，你知道吗? 请你写在下面的横线上：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 真题

29、汇总：09真题1. （2009 安徽卷）-I wonder how much you charge for your services.-The first two are free the third costs $30.A. whileB. untilC. whenD. before2. （2009 d匕京卷）John plays basketball well,his favorite sport is badminton.A. so B. or C. yetD. for3. （2009 d匕京卷）You may use the room as you like you clean it

30、 up afterwards.A. so far as B. so long as C. in caseD. even if4. （2009 福建卷）She had just finished her homeworkher mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.A. whenB. whileC. afterD. since5. （2009 湖南卷）the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it,

31、 they could not arrest him.A. Although B. As long as C. If onlyD. As soon as6. （09 江苏卷）unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A. BeforeB. WhereC. UnlessD. Until7. （09 江西卷）According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cance

32、ra woman.A. thanB. such C. soD. as8. （09 辽宁卷）It just isn beach.'tI fasts working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on theA. whenever9. （09 辽宁卷）PeterA. as much twice asB. thoughC. for D .whiles jacket looked just the same as JackB. twice as much as C. much as twice ass, but it costhis

33、.D. as twice much as10. （09 全国 II）All the dishes in this menu,otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.A. asB. ifC. though D. unless11. （09 山东卷）Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? it doesn ' t min.A. UntilB. While12. （09 陕西卷）My parents don A even though B as soon asC. OnceD. Ift mind what

34、 job I do_ I am happy . C as long as D as though13. （09 上海卷）The Great Wall is tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.B. a so well-knownA. so a well-knownC. such well-known aD. such a well-known14. （09 上海卷）You can ' t borrow books from the school library you get your studen

35、t card.A. beforeB. ifC. whileD. as15. （2009 四川卷）Owen wouldn ' t eat anything he cooked it himseA. untilB. sinceC. unlessD. while16. （2009 四川卷）My uncle ' s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice expensive . A. asB. soC. tooD. very17. （2009 浙江卷 ）The incomes of s

36、killed workers went up. , unskilled workers saw their earningsfall.A Moreover B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise18. （2009 浙江卷 ）The medicine works more effectively you drink some hot water after taking it.A asB untilC althoughD if19. （2009 重庆卷 ）Peter was so excited he received an invitation from

37、his friend to visitChongqing.A. where B. that C. whyD. when08 真题1. All people, they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in needsince the disaster. （ 2008 重庆 B）A. even if B. whetherC. no matterD. however2. You'd better not leave the medicine kids can get at i

38、t. （ 2008 山东）A. even if B. which C. where D. so that3. I used to love that film I was a child, but I don't feel it that way any more. （2008 辽宁卷 ）A. once B. when C. since D. although4. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the

39、law. （ 2008 江西卷）A. whereB. whenC. whoD. which5. Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? Yes, , I m going to visit some homes for the old in the c（ ity2. 008 安徽卷）A. If everB. If busyC. If anythingD. If possible6. Nancy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last y

40、ear. （ 2008 福建）A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where7. The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life. （ 2008 重庆）A. andB. orC. butD. so8. We ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday it rains or it（ 2008 天津卷） s very cold.A. sinceB. ifC. unlessD. until9. There were some chairs left over everyone had

41、 sat down. （ 2008 四川卷）A. whenB. untilC. that D. where10. In some places women are expected to earn money men work at home and raise theirchildren. （ 2008 四川卷）A. butB. whileC. because D. though11. He found it increasingly difficult to read, his eyesight was beginning to fail （ 2008 山东）A. though B. fo

42、r C. but D. so12. A small car is big enough for a family of three you need more space for baggage. （全国卷11）A. onceB. becauseC. ifD. unless13. Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? I don't mind where we go there's sun, sea and beach. （ 2008 全国卷1）A. as it B. as long as C. now that D. i

43、n order14. My English teacher s humor was make every student burst into lau（gh2te0r0.8 江西卷）A. so as to B. such as toC. such that D. so that15. I thought we d be late for the concweert,ended up getting there ahead of time. （2008 湖南卷 ）A. butB. orC. soD. for16. the Internet is of great help, I don t th

44、ink it s a good idea to spend too much time on（2008 湖南卷 ）A. IfB. While17. Did you return Fred I didn t need to C. BecauseD. As s call?I ' ll see him tOtSOTiOmW匕京卷）A. thoughB. unlessC. whenD. because18. I m sorry you ve been waiting so long, but itll still be somgeetimbaec_k.B2r0i0a8n北京卷）D. after

45、A. beforeB. sinceC. till19. Do you have a minute? I ve got something to tell you. Ok, you make it short. （ 2008 安徽卷）A. now thatB. if onlyC. so long asD. every time20. Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow I forget. （2008 上海春招）A. thoughtB. so that C. in caseD. until21. 17.this is only a smal

46、l town, it s crowded with tourists who come hroeurenda.ll year（2008 上海春招）A. SinceB. UnlessC. OnceD. Although22. - Are you ready for Spain?- Yes, I want the girls to experience that they are young. （20XX 年上海卷）A. while B. until C. if D. before23. well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in

47、mountain climbing. （20XX 年上海卷）A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although07 真题1. I won t call you, something unexpected happens. 200全国卷 7IA. unlessB. whetherC. becauseD. while2. We all know that, , the situation will get worse. 2007 全国卷 IA. not if dealt carefully withB. if not carefully dealt wi

48、thC. if dealt not carefully withD. not if carefully dealt with3. he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. 2007 全国卷 IIA. If B. Since C. Though D. When4. Pop music is such an important part of society it has even influenced our language. 2007上海卷 A. as B. that C. whichD. where5. Small sai

49、lboats can easily turn over in the water they are not managed carefully. 2007 上海卷 A. though B. before C. until6. I really donD. ift like art, Ifind hiims pwroersksive. 2007A AsB SinceCIfD While7. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time we meet them again.

50、2007 安徽卷 A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when8. Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day2007 北京卷 A. ever sinceB. even ifC. soon afterD. in case9. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. 2007 福建卷 A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where10. You will be successful in the i

51、nterview you have confidence. 2007 福建卷 A.beforeB.onceC.untilD.though11. Most birds findit safe to sleepin the trees, but theyhave eggs or youngchicks, theydon ' t use a nest. 200湖南卷A. whyB. howC. unlessD.where 12. He was told that it would be at least three more months he could receover andretum

52、 to work. 2007 江西卷A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.that13. there is a snowstorm or some other bad weal. her, the mail always comes on time. 2007 上海 春A. Because B. If C. When D. Unless 14. tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. 2007 上海春 A . However the weather is like B . However is the weather like C. Wh

53、atever is the weather like D . Whatever the weather is like 15. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ we ' ve actually had that lesson. 200庆津 卷 A. untilB. afterC. sinceD. when16. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice,they knew it to be valuable. 2007 浙江 卷A. as ifB. now thatC.

54、 even thoughD. sothat 17. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house there is a powerout. 2007 重庆卷A. ifB. unlessC. in caseD. so that18. We had to wait half an hour we had already booked a table. 2007 辽宁卷A. sinceB. althoughC. untilD. before二.1.可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；主句和从句发生的动作同时发生，也 可以主句所表示的动作发生在从句之后。这时，当时，那时候；