2019年高考英语试卷(北京卷)及参考答案

1、绝密启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)英语(考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分) 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一弁交回o第一部分：知识运用(共两节， 45分)第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AOnthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I1 _ (voice ) mybiggestcon

2、cerntomymother. " Howwi川makefriends? "Shehandedmeadvice."Beyourself."Forthepast20years.Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoft herealworld.Nervously2_ ( face ) challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto3_ ( I ) thetwosimplewords" Beyourself".BEarthDay,4 (mark)on22A

3、pril,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprot ection.Firstcelebrated51970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesa ndregions（地区）.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious6（activity）onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepo

4、 werthepossibilitiesareendless.CDoesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion7（suggest）that,formoststudents,itdoesn ' t.Whatstadeegsdeamstomattermuchmorethan8theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose9aretotallyengaged（参与）inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecoll

5、ege ' schancesandresoarc（资源）.Stadentsshoaldhaveaproperattitadetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboatwhic hcollegetoattend,andit ' snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyan d10 （meaning） collegeexperience.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，弁在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Re

6、gardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaalWilsonwillmakesarelow-incomes tadentsinhisneighboarhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen11freeridestocollegestadentsforthepasteightyears.Sincehefirststarted12hiscartotheyoangpeople.Wilsonhas13ama stonishing64,000miles,an

7、dhashadcoantlesspleasantandoftenhamoroas14withthestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.Thestudentswhohe 15havegoin eontobecomephysicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey' vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschsfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents16callhim "Grandpa.TinaStern17ridesfromWilson

8、forallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeant muchmoretoherthanjustfree18."It ' snotjustaride;you' renotjustsittingtherein9silenceorwithyourheadphoneson. " Sternsaid." Heasksyouquestionsandactually20theanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he'l21thosethings."Wilsonfirstw

9、orkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-pr ofitorganization,OnPointforCollege.Althoughthe22asksthemembersonlytodrivest udentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes23toensurethewelfareandsafetyofth estudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration.Wilsonisthereto24them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaind

10、ailynecessities.Wilsonwilldri vetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat ' sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdi vestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever25tobuythemameal.Formanystudents,Wilson ' shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it 26fosthleoentirely mtobeabletocompletetheircollegeeducation.Somestudentsdon' tha

11、veareliablwhileothershaveto27vehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,riding withWilsonhas281hemtocompletetheireducation butaccordingtoWilson,hebenef itsjustasmuchfromthe29."IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids,"Wilsonsaid."It(' ssucha )30tobeapartofthesekidsgtheirstories.II.A.

12、linkingB.sending C.offering D.distributing12.A.donatingB.lendingC.delivering D.volunteering13.A.paved B.coveredC.measured D.wandered14.A.arguments B.interviews C.negotiationsD.wanderedB.driven C.addressed D.conversations16 .A.even B.everC.onceD.already17 .A.earned B.receivedC.assessedD.demanded18 .A

13、.transportation B.styleC.timeD.communicationB.awkwardB.recitesB.settleonB.leagueB.aroundB.watchB.attemptsB.unusualB.fuelB.allowedB.arrangementC.ridiculousC.guessesC.checkonC.collegeC.beyondC.urgeC.managesC.necessaryC.repairC.remindedC.appreciationD.suspiciousD.remembersD.agreeonD.programmeD.forwards

14、D.warnD.hesitatesD.adequateD.exchangeD.convincedD.employmentB.ambitionC.privilegeD.conveniencelives,evenjustforafewhours,gettingtoknowthemandhearin第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 弁在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthe

15、s ametime?Youcandoa11thethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation (GDA ) .Whateverstageoflifeyou' reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoud oinGDA,you ' llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity社区).Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareage d17-24.Nowweneedvolunt

16、eermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantint hesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanager s,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity' ssstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmig

17、htalsodesign anadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you' llalsonewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeo plewho ' llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammesCountrySchedule

18、4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.-1Aug.20Jun7Aug.Egypt24Jul20Aug.19Jun6Aug.Kenya20Jul-16Aug.18Jun5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.29Aug.15Jun2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpart nerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpooran dremotecommun

19、ities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertode velopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:Email:31.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A.Toseeklocalpartners. B.Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C.Tocarryoutprogramm

20、es.D.Tofosterculturalawareness.32.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein.A.EgyptB.Algeria C.KenyaD.SouthAfrica33.ThesharedgoalofGDA ' sprojectsisto.A.explorenewculturesB.protecttheenvironmentC.gaincorporatebenefitsD.helpcommunitiesinneedBAliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur 者 ) ,whoinMay2015set

21、upherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompa nywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavek ids teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedac andybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.

22、ButMo orewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan tImakeahealthycandythat sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan tsaynotoit? thatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecomme ndedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcon

23、tain.Withherdad spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandcond uctingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproachedde ntiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindo fcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenu

24、sedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheground.Afterwards,sheandhe rfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagree dtosellMoore sproduCctan Candy.AsCanCandy ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur .Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe salsoposit

25、iveaboutwhfuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents help,Mooreislglyeanbelreatoliveanormalteenageli fe.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn tdrivenprimarilyby34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdadA.Shearguedwithhim.C.Shepaidnoattention.35.Whatis

26、specialaboutCanCandy?A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.fit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10% ofAilieCandy sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthatt heskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.swarning?B.Shetriedtofindawayo

27、ut.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.D.Itisproducedtoadentists recipe36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C.Tomakeherselfstandout.D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore ssto ry?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthis

28、toberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.CTheproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcal lsfromnumberstheydon tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams （欺 诈 ） .Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityof

29、theproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthro ugh.Unfortunately,it stoolittle,toolate.Bythetim etshoelsuetions"（ 解决方案）becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfu ture,it snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeony

30、ourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soony ouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou rehearingisactuallyreal.That sbecausethereareanumberoowfperfulvoicemanipulation（处理 ）andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyoneto use.Atthisyear sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletopro d

31、ucesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionista ndbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchw orse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.A decadeofdatabreaches （数据侵入）ofpersonalinformati

32、onhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmoth er sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they reabletocarryoutindividu ytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcall youfromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexact lylikeyourbankteller s

33、,trickingyouinto"confirming"youraddress,mother dcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusin essisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.V oicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourte

34、lecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhat isreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,sho wingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovin gtowardsdata-basedcommunications usingappslikeFaceTimeor

35、WhatsApp,whic hcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharder fromhereonout.38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A.Panicked. B.Confused. C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed.39.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammerscan.A.aimatv

36、ictimspreciselyB.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidlyD.spreadinformationwidely40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A

37、.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnologyBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld' soceanswillbebluerandgreeihankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomeno

38、nlietinymarinemicroorganisms （海洋微生物） calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytopl anktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentob lue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuel thegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeare

39、as,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtocha ngesintheocean ' sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide （二氧化 碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninth edeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytopla nkt

40、onarevulnerabletotheocean ' swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristic softheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightand carbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients. StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT' sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,butaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestot

41、heoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldtha twarmsupby3 C ,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.T hemodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeeven bluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsripe rforphytoplankton,andtheseareas

42、willturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,IIshesaid, butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging. Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkin dsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.Thosekin

43、dsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobab lybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges. It llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseof climatechange,Dutkiewiczsaid,butthechangeinthecolouro

44、ftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereal lyhavechangedourplanet. 42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout? A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface. B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour. C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms. D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton. 43.Whatdoestheunde

45、rlinedword vulnerable inParagraph3probablymean? A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable. 44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz ' smodelairpsOjectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oce

46、answithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空

47、白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Muchoftheworkintoday ' sworldisaccomplished （完 成） inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthem osttalentedindividuals.46Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Isthei rmoneywellspent?47Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsa

48、remixed.Forfoot ballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyupto thepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam' speebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn' tevidentinbaseball,whereadditidividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam ' sperformance.To

49、explainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodpe rformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinatetheiractions.48Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonte ammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewil lsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,wh

50、ileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsont eamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample ,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebette rtopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam' Spetfogmahdrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,&q

51、uot; ThereisnoIinTEAM. " 49Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmay makelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war （拔 河 比 赛） ,wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce. 50.AnA-teammayrequireabalance- notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayer saswell. A.It

52、' snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent. B.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent C.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers' attention.D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship. E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.