2016中考新目标英语八年级上册知识点总结

1、2013 新版八年级上册 1-10 分单元知识点归类总结Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?第一单元主要知识点：一、词组、短语1. go on vacation 去度假，2. stay at home 呆在家，3. go to the mountains 上山 /进山，4. go to the beach 到海边去，5. visit museums 参观博物馆，6. go to summer camp 去夏令营，7. quite a few 相当多，8. study for 为学习，9. go out 出去，10. most of the time 大部分时

2、间 /绝大多数时间，11. taste good 尝起来味道好，12. have a good time 玩的开心，13. of course 当然可以，14. feel like感觉像/想要，15. go shopping 购物，16. in the past 在过去，17. walk around 绕走，18. too many 太多（可数名词前面，19. because of 因为，20. one bowl of 一碗，21. find out 查出来/发现，22. go on 继续，23. take photos 照相，24. something important 重要的事情，25.

3、 up and down 上上下下，26. come up 出来二、重要句子（语法：1. Where did you go on vacation? 你到哪里去度假了？I went to New York City.我去了纽约城2. Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗？No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. 不，没有人在这儿大家度去度假了。3. Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗？ Yes, I bought something for my father.

4、对，我给父亲买了一些东西。4. How was the food? 食物怎么样？5. Everything tasted really good. 每一样东西真的都好吃。6. Did everyone have a good time? 大家玩的开心吗？ Oh, yes. Everything was excellent. 对，一切都很精彩。、习惯用法、搭配1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物2. taste + adj.尝起来3. nothing - -.but + V.(原形)除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj看起来

5、5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth.9. want to do sth.10. start doing sth.11. stop doing sth.12. look + adj13. dislike doing sth.14. Why not do sth.15. so + adj + that + 从句16. tell sb. (not) to do sth.喜欢做某

6、事想去做某事开始做某事停止做某事看起来不喜欢做某事为什么不做.呢？如此以至于告诉某人（不要） 做某事17. keep doing sth.继续做某事/一直做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事/ forget doing sth 忘记做过某事四、词语辨析：1)something ， anything ， nothing ， everything 是指物的不定代词。somebody， someone， anybody ， anyone， nobody ， no one, everybody， everyone 是指 人的不定代词。somewhere， anywhere ，

7、 nowhere， everywhere 是指地点的不定副词。2） ）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后；something special; somewherewonderful.3） 不定代词、 不定副词做主语时， 谓语动词用第三人称单数。 如： Is everybody here? 大 家都到齐了吗？4） something ， somebody， someone， somewhere 用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而 anything ， anybody ， anyone， anywhere 用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：Did you do anything

8、 interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）Why don t you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？ （表建 议）If anything happens, please tell me. 如果有事情发生，请告诉我。辨析：1. get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+ 地点（小）=arrive in+ 地点（大）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词 here, there, home 等，则不需要加介词。（注：地点副词 home， here ， there 前介

9、词省略）2. nothing.but do sth. 意为“除 之外； 只有” ，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。3. feel like 意为： “感受到；摸起来” ，后跟宾语从句或名词。如：I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。It feels like a stone. 它摸起来像一块石头。另外，构成短语feel like doing sth. 意为“想做某事” 。如： I feel like eating. 我想吃东西。4. enjoy doing sth .

10、 喜欢做；乐意做enjoy oneself 过得愉快=have fun/have a good time.5.1 wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的wonder (1) n. 奇迹；令人惊讶的事情如： No wonder! 难怪；不足为奇！(2) v. 惊讶 如： wonder at sth. ; wonder to do sth. 感到疑惑；想知道如： I wonder where they are going.I wonder if he is at school.6.few 与 little 的区别：f

11、ew,否定含义，很少，修饰可数名词a few ，肯定含义，一些，修饰可数名词little ， 否定含义，很少，修饰不可数名词a little ，肯定含义，一些，修饰不可数名词辨析quite a few 与 quite a littlequite a few 意为“很多 ;不少” ，修饰可数名词复数；quite a little 意为“很多;不少”，修饰不可数名词。a. He stays here for days.b.There is water in the bottle( 瓶子 ).7. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。1) seem意

12、为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有：seem to do sth. 好像做某事如： They seem to wait for you. 他们似乎在等你。seem( tobe) +adj. 似乎 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。It seems that + 从句 似乎 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。其他的系动词有：be ; feel(觉得);keep (保持);stay (保持)；look (看来)；smell (闻起来)sound (听起来)taste

13、(尝起来)2) bored (adj) ，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人；boring(adj) ，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。如： I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相类似的词语还有： interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprisedinteresting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising辨析： bring 与 takebring 意为“带来；拿来” ， 指从别处带到说话者所在地。take 意为“拿走；带走” ， 指从说话者所在地

14、带到别处去。8. decide (v) 决定 decide to (not) do sth. = make a decision (not) to do sth. decision(n)decide on doing sth. 决定做某事如： Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。9. Because of the bad weather, we couldn t see anything below.1) because of + 名词 /代词 /名短例如： I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的

15、原因because +从句如： I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢2) below意为“在下面;低于"，其反义词为above,意为“在上10.enough 1) 形容词 /副词 enough 如： wet/quietly enough 足够漂亮 enough 名词 如： enough umbrellas 足够的雨伞2) (形/副)+ enough+ (名)to do sth.足够去做如： I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。She is not old enough to go to

16、 school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。同义旬：She is too young to go to school. (too to：太 而不能)She is so young that she can t go to school.most of the time 意为“大部分时间” ，其中 most 为代词，意为“大部分；大多数” 。拓展most of意为"中的大多数”，它作主语时，谓语动词取决于 most of后所修饰的名词。a. Most of us_are_(be)going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。b. Most of the food_goes_

17、(go)bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。11.如此以致于(结果)My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.我的双腿太累了以至于我都想停下来。( P8)so+形/副 +that 从旬：She is so popular that everyone likes her.such+名短 + that 从旬： She is such a popular girl that everyone likes her.So+形容词+a/ an+单数名词=such+a/ an+形容词+单数名词例： so long a ruler= such a long ruler

18、So+many/ few+ 复数名词，so+much/ little+ 不可数名词Such+其他形容词+复数名词或不可数名词例如： so many books, so little food, such nice pictures1) . He is lovely a boywe love him very much.2) . The little boy is _ young that he can t go to school.12 . so that 从句：以便(目的),引导目的状语从句如： He gets up early so that he can catch the early

19、bus.13 .My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on.我的同学告诉我坚持往前走，因此我便继续前进了( P8)1) tell sb. (not)to do sth. 意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事。The teacher the window just now.老师刚才告诉我们擦窗户。2) keep doing sth. 意为“继续做某事，一直做某事” 。She TV for two hours last night. 昨晚她持续看了两个小时的电14 What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异多大啊！常用的

20、感叹句的结构：1) What +adj.+ 复数名词 / 不可数名词+主语 +谓语！2) What +a/an+adj.+ 可数名词单数+主语 +谓语！3) How +adj. +a/an+ 可数名词单数+主语 +谓语！4) How+adj./adv. + 主语 +谓语！区别要领：形容词后直接加名词为 what 感叹句，否则为 how 感叹句eg:1 .What an interesting book it is! = How interesting a book is!那本书多么有趣啊！B.What C.How D.WhereB.What C.How D.WhereB.Who C.How D

21、.WhereB.What C.Where D. HowB.What C. Where D. HowWhat/ How about going shopping?Why don t you go shopping?Why not go shopping?Let s go shopping2. a clever girl she is! A.Who3. clever a girl she is!A.Who4. important jobs they did!A.What5. sweet water it is!A.Who6. interesting the dog is!A.Who建议的句式： W

22、hat/ how about +doing sth.?如： Why don t you + do sth.?如： Why not + do sth. ?如: Let' s + do sth.如：应答语：接受： Certainly,Sure, /Yes, I'd love to.Why not?Good idea! /Sure! OK!/ All right!Great!/That's great./Sounds great.拒绝： I'd love to.ButI'm sorry. I'm afraid not .I'm afraid I

23、 can't .Sorry,I can't .15.反身代词：myself , ourselves, yourself , yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves.作动词或介词的宾语： 经常在和 by, for, to, of 等介词后作宾语。He is teaching himself English.She was talking to herself.He lives by himself in the country.1) Help yourself!2) Make yourself at home!3) mak

24、e yourself heard /understood.等动词enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, dress, kill她在自学英语。她自言自语。他独自住在乡下。请随便吃吧！/请自己去取吧!别客气！使你的话被人听得见 /理解4) teach oneself 自学 =learn by oneself独自为自己；替自己玩的愉快5) by oneself6) for oneself7) enjoy oneself8) dress oneself给自己穿衣16.We waited over an hour for the train because there w

25、ere too many people. 因为人太多，所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。( P5)1) wait for 意为“等候” ，其后可接人或物。Tom was waiting for a bus over there.2) over 介词，意为“多于；超过” ，相当于 more than 。Eg : My father is over 40 years old.There are over eight hundred students in our school.3) too many 意为“太多” ，其后接可数名词复数。He always has too many questions

26、to ask me.辨析： too many + 可数名词复数意为“太多 . ”too much + 不可数名词 意为“太多 . ” much too + 形容词 意为“太 . ” eg： I have too much homework to do today.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?、词组、短语:1.help with housework帮助做家务活，2.go shopping购物，3.at/ on weekends在周末，4.how often多久一次，5.hardly ever几乎不，6.once a week每周一次，7.twice a mo

27、nth每月二次，8.go to the movies去看电影，9.every day每天，10.use the Internet上网/用网，11.be free有空，12.have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课13.swing dance摇摆舞14.play tennis打网球，15.stay up late熬夜，16.at least至少，17.go to bed early早睡，18.play sports锻炼身体，19.be good for对有好处，20.go camping去野营，21.in one s free time在某人的空闲时间，22.no

28、at all根本不，23.the most popular最流行，24.such as例如，25.go to the dentist去看牙医，26.more than超过 / 多于，27.Old habits die hard.旧习惯难改。28.hard=difficult困难的，29.less than少于 /不到、重要句子（语法）1. What do you usually do on weekends? 你周末通常做什么？我总是锻炼身体。他们周末干什么？他们经常帮助干家务活。她周末干什么？ 她有时购物。你多久看电影一次？I always exercise.2. What do they

29、do on weekends? They often help with housework.3. What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping.4. How often do you go to the movies?可能一个月看一次。I go to the movies maybe once a month.5. How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV .6. Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping.三、习

30、惯用法、搭配1. help sb. with sth2. How about ？ =What about ?3. want sb. to do sth.4. How many +可数名词复数十5. 主语+ find+ that从句6. It s + adj.+ to do sth.7. spend time with sb.8. ask sb. about sth.9. by doing sth.10. What s your favorite ？11. start doing sth.12. the best way to do sth.四、词语辨析1. exercise (v/n) 的用法

31、他多久看电视一次? 他几乎不看电视。 你购物吗？不，我从来就不购物帮助某人做某事.怎么样？ /.好不好? 想让某人做某事般疑问句.有多少.发现做某事是.的和某人一起度过时光向某人询问某事通过做某事你最喜欢的是什么？开始做某事做某事的最好方式1）（动）：锻炼.如： He exercises every day.2）（可数名词）”.操;练习”.如：do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises3）.（不可数名词）:“锻炼；运动”讲：如： We often do / take exercise on weekends.2 .辨析：sometimes , so

32、me times , sometime , some timesometimes 有时候。=at times 也是 “有时” 的意思。提问用 how oftensome times 几次。time作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。How many timessometime某个时候。可指将来的某个时候。提问用 whensome time 一段时间。常与for连用。对它提问用 how long。口诀记忆：分开“一段时间”；相聚“某个时候”。Eg: Sometimes I get up very late. 有时我起床彳艮晚。I will go to shanghai som

33、etime next week.下周某个时候我要去上海。He reads the story some times. 他读这个故事几遍了。I 'll stay here for some time. 我将会在这儿呆一段时间。练习： We plan to stay in Hainan for .我彳门打算在海南呆一段时间。3 ） I am sure that we have met before.我肯定我们之前见过几次了。I have letters from him.有时我会收到他的来信。4 . hardly ever 几乎不hardly ever 相当于 hardlyeg: Ther

34、e is hardly any food left.几乎没有食物剩下。 辨析：hardly 与 hardhardly 几乎不，一般位于行为动词之前 be动词之后。hard形容词/副词，努力，位于动词之后。eg: He hardly works.他几乎不工作。He works hard.他工作努力。艰苦，hardwork5 .辨析： maybe 和 may bemaybe （adv）:也许，大概 （一般放句首），在句中是放在be动词后，行为动词之 刖。例：（Maybe） he （maybe） knows it.may + v（原）：也许是，大概是“情态动词+be动词”结构。（位于句中）He ma

35、y know it.如：Maybe he is at home尸 He is maybe at home尸 He may be at home. 1. Lily an English teacher.Lily可能是一名英语老师。6 .how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其通常回答有：1） 频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never2）次数 十 时间段： 如：once or twice a week3） every + 时间段：every four years 每四年一次every day （每天

36、）区别：everyday （每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用 once和twice表示。如：once a month（一个月一次）而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词+ times”结构。如：five times a year （一年五次）拓展：由how构成的疑问词组的用法1） how many+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programs2） how much+不可数名词。如：how much coffee但 how much=what ' s the price of.? 还有 “多少钱” 的意思 如：How much are those pants?3）

37、how many times: “多少次”.其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice, three times 等4） How old.?询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am five."how long.tt?r-5)多久(时间)常用 fortwo days , for three hours 等回答。多长(某物的长度)如：-How long is the river? - 10 kms.6)how soon用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是 in+一段时间，与将来时态连用 如：How soon wil he come back ? In an hour。6.

38、full1) “满的；饱的” be full of例如：The bottle is full of water.瓶子里装满了水。2) .“忙的” =busy He had a full lifesurprise 1). be surprised at sth.对一 感到意外2) .(v.)使惊奇、意外： be surprised to do sth.惊讶做某事3) .be surprised that + 从旬如： I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.7.twenty percent students d

39、on 't exercise at all.百分之 20 的学生根本不锻炼。 . 百分数由 percent 来表示，构成：基数词 +percent ,谓语动词由of 后名词决定。Eg： Seventy percent of the boys like playing computer games.男生中 70% 喜欢完电脑游戏。Sixty percent of the water is clean. not. at all 意为“一点儿也不，根本不” 。Eg： I don t know about it at all. 对那件事我一点也不知道。拓展： Not at all = you

40、are welcome 意为“不用谢，不客气” 。Eg： -Thank you for your help.-Not at all.8.Although many students like to watch sports ， game shows are the most popular. 尽管许多学生喜欢看运动类节目，但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。although 连词。意为“虽然，尽管” 。 but 意为“但是” 。英语中， although 与 but 不能同时使用。Eg： Although it rained ， the boys still played outside.= It ra

41、ined ， but the boys still played outside.尽管天下雨了，但男孩们仍在外面玩耍。1. My cousin knows a lot about geography ， he is only four years old.A. becauseB. soC. although9.She says it s good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。(1) be good for: “对有好处“。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.(2) be good at: “擅长于” 如：He is good

42、 at playing football.(3) be good with: "与相处好“如： The teacher is good with hisstudents.10.It s good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.1).by+doing He learns English by singing English songs.2)通过 方式 He went home by bus尸 He went home on the bus=He took the bus home.区另U： through 通

43、过 方式 + 名词： The best way to relax is through exercise.(从里面)穿过：Climb through the window.注意： 横过 (从物体的表面一边到另一边用across) 如：walk across the street.10. such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game.for example + 句子： 如：It s healthy for the mind and the body.11.spend 度过(时间) 如：spend the weekend with family花费

44、(时间、钱) 如： He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine.同义句： He spent 20 yuan on the magazine.He paid 20 yuan for the magazine.The magazine cost him 20 yuan.重点： sb spend timemoney on sth. 在上花费时间或金钱He didn t spend much time on his homework. 他没在作业方面花很多时间。I spend 200 yuan on a new coat.sb spend timemoney (

45、in) doing sth.花费时间或金钱做某事Don't spend too much time watching TV .不要花费太多时间看电视。He always spends his time playing football.Eg: I enjoy playing computer games,but I can' t too much time that.A.take, doing B.spend, doing C.spend, for doing D.take, to do spend time with sb花费时间和某人在一起R别：take: It takes

46、 sb some time to do sth.花费某人某段时间做某事。Pay: sb pay some money for sth某人为某物付了某些金钱(知道钱的数目)Sb pay for sth某人为某物而付款(不知道付了多少钱)Sth cost sb some money某物花费某人某些金钱例： It took me half hour to get home last night.He has paid for the book.The book cost him five dollars.12. but 和 howeverbut并列连词“然而，但是"。可直接连接前后两个句子

47、，表转折关系。However副词“然而，但是"。不能直接连接句子，必须用逗号与句子隔开。Eg:1.It began to rain, , we went out to look for the boy.天开始下雨了，但我们还是出去寻找那个男孩了。2. It's a sunny morning , very cold.这是个晴朗的早晨，但是却很冷。13.afraid意为“担心的，害怕的”。 .be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事Eg: I am afraid to travel by plane.我害怕乘飞机旅行。 .be afraid of sb. sth.

48、害怕某人 某物be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事Eg: She is afraid of the dog. 她害怕那只狗。be afraid of asking questions.不要怕问问题。be afraid to do sth.=害怕做某1.1) ) find + 宾语 + 名词，例： We have found him (to be) a good boy.2) find + 宾语 + 形容词， 例：He found the room dirty.3) find +宾语+现在分词发现某人正在做某事例 ： I found her standing at the d

49、oor.4) find +it + 形容词 +to do sth.I found it difficult to work out this math problem .Unit3 I ' m more outgoing than my sister一、词组、短语：1. more outgoing更外向/更开朗,2. as.as.与一样，not as/so.as.值定后者，否定前者)与.不一样3. the singing competition歌咏比赛，4. the most important最重要的，5. be talented in music在音乐方面有天赋，6. the sa

50、me as7. care about8. be different from9. be like a mirror10. a piece of information11. have.in common13. as long as14. bring out15. get better grades16. reach for17. touch one s heart18. in fact19. make friends20. be good at21. the other22. be similar to23. be good with24. primary school students25.

51、 call for more information26. make sb laugh与相同关心 / 留意/ 关注，与.不同，像一面镜子，一则信息有共同特征只要（主将从现）显示/显出/生产/带来，取得更好成绩，伸手达到/达到感动，事实上，交朋友，在某方面成绩好，另一个，对熟悉，与和睦相处小学生打电话询问更多信息27.make sb do sth 28.be like a mirror 二、重要句子：让某人发笑 让某人做某事 像一面镜子1. Sam has longer hair than Tom. 萨姆的头发比汤姆的长。2. She also sings more loudly than Ta

52、ra. 她唱歌也比泰拉声音大。3. Nelly sang so well. 内莉唱得如此好。4. For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me. 对于我来说，好朋友喜欢跟我做相同的事情。5. Who is smarter, your mother or your father ?谁更聪明，你妈妈还是你爸爸？6. It s not necessary to be the same.没有必要相同。7. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我笑。8. Molly studies

53、harder than her best friend.莫莉比她更好的朋友学习更努力。9. My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.我妈妈告诉我好朋友就像一面镜子。10. So we enjoy studying together. 因此我们喜欢在一起学习。11. So its not easy for me to make friends. 因此对我来说交朋友不容易。12. We both like sports. 我们两个都喜欢运动。13. My best friend helps to bring out the best in

54、me.我最好的朋友帮我把最好的方面发掘出来。14. Larry is much less hard-working, so I always get better grades.拉里不如我用功，因此我总是取得更好的成绩。15. Huang Lei isn t as good at tennis as Larry. 黄磊不如拉里擅长网球。16.1 m shy so it s not easy for me to make friends.三、习惯用法、搭配1. have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣2. want to do sth.想要做某事3. as +形容词或副词的原级 +

55、 as与一样4. be good at doing sth擅长做某事5. make sb. do sth.让某人做某事6. It s+形容词+ for sb. to do sth.对某人来说，做某事是的7. 人+ spend +金钱/时间on sth人 + pay + 金钱 + for sth形容词和副词的比较级：形容词和副词比较级和最高级规则变化，构成方法:单音节词和 部分双音节 词在词尾力口 -er或-est shortshorter 以不发音的e结尾，加-r或-st latelater latest重读闭音节 词词尾只有 一个辅音字 母时先双与辅首,子母，冉加-er或-esthot hottest, big bigg