高中英语学习：非谓语动词使用精华讲义

1、非谓语动词使用精华讲义【知识链接】形式对比项目动词不7E式(to do)动名词(doing)现在分词(doing)过去分词(done)充当句子成分主兵表7E状补主兵表7E状补表定状补形式主动一般式to dodoingdone被动式to be donebeing done无主动完成式to have donehaving done无被动完成式to have been donehaving been done无否定在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not【学习步骤】考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。【即境活用】 The children (play)the

2、violin over there will go on the stage next week.考点二、不定式和动名词作主语，宾语和表语的比较1、表示具体的或某一次动作或将来的动作用动词不定式；表示一般的或泛指的或习惯性的动作用动名词。2、动名词的复合结构：在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格。3、不定式及动名词短语作主语时可转换成 it作形式主语.常用句型It is + adj./ n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth. 4、疑问词+动词不定式作宾语。 5、表心理状态的ving分词作表语时，表示 冷人的 如：exciting;过去分词作表语时表示主观 感到 “如：exc

3、ited等6、get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系动词后都可跟 done,表示被动或主语的状态。 如remain seated等。【即境活用】(1)(杰克的突然失踪 "disappear) made them worried.(2) It ' important.(对于我们来说学英语很重要)(3) It ' kind.(帮助我你真是太好了)(4) (expose)to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one' s skin.(5) I've worked

4、 with children before, so I know what(expect)in my new job.(6) Travelling is.(累但有趣) Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains(see) whether they will enjoy it.3.不定式和动名词作宾语的比较(1)作宾语的动名词和不定式，完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前发生(2)介词以及少数动词只能用动名词作宾语，如： admit, dislike, appreciate, avoid, enjoy(3)动词 a

5、dvise / allow / permit / forbid 后跟 doing sth.作宾语，又跟 to do 作宾语。(4) need, require, want, deserve + doing 动名词的主动形式表被动意义，相当于 to be done(5)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语有差别，常用的有：一记二忘三遗憾，四试五图六停止。remember, forget +to（全过程）/ +Ving（正在进行）（6） 表示未实现的愿望的动词 , 即表示本打算、 想做， 但事实上没做， 如： would like / love ， plan, intend, hope, wis

6、h, expect 等 ；用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have done 来表示。 would like / love 只用 would like to have done【即境活用】（1） I regretted（ 没有采取 ） her advice.（2） Don't you remember（see the man）before?You must remember（leave） tomorrow.（3） I would love（go）to the party last night but I had to work extra h

7、ours to finish the report.（4） I object to （make fun of ）.考点三、不定式和分词作定语的比较1 .不定式作定语表将来，现在分词表主动，进行，过去分词表被动完成.2 .不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后,与被修饰的名词或代词之间是动宾关系 .3 .名词前有序数词或最高级用不定式作定语。4 .不定式作定语修饰一些表示方向、原因、 时间、 机会等词。 （ having been done 不可作定语）【即境活用】（ 1 ） The problem _ （ discuss） at tomorrow s meeting is how to d

8、ael with the meeting.（ 2 ） He had no pen .（write）（ 3 ） He only had a small room.（live）（4） 4） The plan （make）is of vital importance.（5） He is the first one （ help） me with computer.（6） The building （construct） now will be used as a library.（7） Those （ 已经完成作业）（ finish ） can go home now考点四、非谓语动词作主语补语和宾

9、语补语的考查1 .在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed等后常用动词不定式作主语补语。2 . 常跟带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补语的动词有ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish 等3 .感官动词带宾补：一感，二听，三让，四看+宾语+ do sth.（主动，全过程或经常性动作）doing（主动，正在进行）/ done（与宾语是被动关系）若在被动语态中，则 to要还原.4 .其它动词接宾语+宾补规则：（1） keep/leave+宾语+ doing（主动，且持续进行）/done（被动）（2） catc

10、h +宾语+ doing表示 发现某人正在做某事”，宾语与doing为主动，且正在进行，（3）方nd +宾语+ doing（主动，正在进行）/done（被动、状态或完成）（ 4 ） want/order/ask/wish/like 宾语 （to be）done （宾语与done 之间为被动关系 ）【即境活用】（ 1 ） The children were last seen （play） by the river.（ 2 ） They went home, leaving much work （unfinish） （ 3 ） I found the little boy （lie） under

11、 the tree when I passed by.（ 4 ） The teacher wanted the paper （finish ）in an hour.考点五、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析(1) 动词不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别动词不定式表结果状语、往往表示出乎意料的，令人不快的结果，其前常有only, 也可用于一些固定句型，如：too to，enough to等；现在分词表示结果状语，几乎和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，表示的是一种必然的结果。(2) 只用动词不定式作状语的几种情况在作表语的形容词后或作宾补的形容词 :happy, sorry, glad, sad 后作原因状

12、语；在句首、句中作目的状语只能用动词不定式， 也可和 in order, so as 连用， 但 so as to do 一般不放到句首。(3) 不用动词不定式作状语的几种情况表示时间、伴随、让步、方式、原因状语时，只能用分词而不用动词不定式作状语。(4) 连词 + 现在分词/过去分词作状语的考查有时候为了使分词表达的含义更为准确，常在分词前加上一个相关的连词，如 when, while,unless, if, though 等等。(5) 形容化的分词(短语)作状语英语中有些形容词化的过去分词(短语)，常省略be 动词，在句中作状语。常见的有：be lost in, be faced with

13、, be located in, be dressed in, be tired of 等等。(6) being done 一般不作状语； having done 先于谓语动词发生的动作(主动关系 )having been done 先于谓语动词发生的动作(被动关系 )【即境活用】(7) 1 ) (get) tired of Tom s-taalllk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.(8) (not receive )an answer, he decided to write another le

14、tter to them.(9) When(offer) help, one often says“ Thank you. ” or “ It s kind of you.(10) (face)with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.(11) (seat) in the room, he is absorbed in reading.(12) When (compare)different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences(13) H

15、e worked deep into the night, ( prepare )a speech for the president.(14) I got up very early this morning( prepare )breakfast for my family.考点六：非谓语动词特殊形式的考查1、动名词的复合结构的考查动名词复合结构由名词所有格、名词普通格、形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可以作主语、 宾语。 作主语时只能用名词所有格或形容性物主代词+动名词结构。【即境活用】(1) It is difficult to imagine his the d

16、ecision without any consideration.(2) (the president attend) the meeting gave them a great deal of encouragement.( 3 ) I really can't understand ( you treat ) her like that.2. 非谓语动词的独立主格结构的考查非谓语动词作状语， 一般情况下要和句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系， 但有时候非谓语动词也可以带有自己的逻辑主语，可以与句子主语不一致； with 复合结构由“with宾语补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间

17、必须有逻辑一致关系。3. 非谓语动词作评注性状语的考查有些非谓语形式成为固定用语，用来表示说话人对说话内容所特的态度。1)现在分词的独立结构judging from / by ，generally speaking, strictly speaking2)不定式的独立结构to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with3)动词原形： Believe it or not ( 信不信由你 )4)作连词的分词 considering (考虑到，就 而言)，providing / provided假如, supposi

18、ng 假如 ; 这些词用来表示条件的连词，后接that 从句。【即境活用】( 1 ) With the children (follow) him, he had to go back to the park.(2) With the work(finish), he could go home.( 3 ) With so many books (read), I could not go out.(4) His wife came down the stairs, with a book (hand)(5) The students stood in line with the nation

19、al flag (raise).非谓语动词使用精华讲义参考答案考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。【即境活用】 The children (play) _ playingthe violin over there will go on the stage nextweek.考点二、不定式和动名词作主语, 宾语和表语的比较【即境活用】(1)_Jacks sudden disappearing (杰克的突然失踪)(disappear) madethem worried.(2) It s important _ to learn English. . (对于我

20、们来说学英语很重要)(3) It s kind _of you to help me . (帮助我你真是太好了)(4) 4) _Being exposed_ (expose)to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one s skin.(5) I've worked with children before, so I know what_ is expecting(expect)in my newjob.(6) Travelling is_ _tired but fun. (累但有趣)(7) Having a trip abroad

21、 is good for the old couple, but it remains_ _to be seen(see)whetherthey will enjoy it.3. 不定式和动名词作宾语的比较(2) I regretted_not having followed(没有采取 ) her advice.(3) Don't you remember_ seeing the man(see the man)before?You must remember_to leave(leave) tomorrow.(4) I would love_ to go _(go)to the pa

22、rty last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report.(5) I object to being made fun of (make fun of ).考点三、不定式和分词作定语的比较 【即境活用】( 1 ) The problem _to be discussed_ (discuss) at tomorrow s meeting is how to deal with the meeting.( 2) He had no pen _to write with .(write)( 3) He only had a s

23、mall room to live in.(live)( 4 ) The plan _made(make)is of vital importance.(6) He is the first one _to help( help) me with computer.(7) The building _ being constucted(construct) now will be used as a library.(8) Those _finishing homework( 已经完成作业) (finish ) can go home now考点四、非谓语动词作主语补语和宾语补语的考查【即境活

24、用】1 ) The children were last seen _playing (play) by the river.2 ) They went home, leaving much work unfinished (unfinish) 3 ) I found the little boy _ lying(lie) under the tree when I passed by.4 ) The teacher wanted the paper _to be finished(finish )in an hour.考点五、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析【即境活用】( 1 ) _Having

25、 got _ (get) tired of Tom s al-ltalk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.(2) _Not having received(not receive )an answer, he decided to write anotherletter to them.(3) When_ offered(offer) help, one often says“ Thank you. ” or “ It s kind of you.(4)_ Faced(face)with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.(5) Seated(seat) in the room, he is absorbed in reading.(6) When _comparing(compare)different cultures, we of