五种基本句型-主系表结构

1、仅供个人参考For personal use only in study and research; not forcommercial use五种基本句型一一主系表结构主（语）+系（动词）+表（语）主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”。从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语 来说的。主语一般是名词或代词（当然还有其他，这里暂且详细讨论）系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和 表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这 样有助于我们记忆系动词：

2、1、 be动词类： am、 is、are、was、were2、 表示变化类：become get、 turn、 grow、go3、 感官动词类：眼（look ）耳（sound）鼻（smell）舌（taste讨（feel）4、 表示延续性的动词 ：remain、stay、keep表语从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词， 就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing等来充当。上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍， 其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这 个结构的标

3、志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。练习找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。1 Tom is a student.2 He is fat.3 I am tired .4 We are students.5 The bag was lost .6 The boy was foolish .7 They were kind.8 She is in the room.9 The books are on the desk.10 Snow is white.11 Kate was here yesterday.

4、12 My father became a teacher in 1978.13 The weather gets hot in summer.14 She looks beautiful.15 The flower smells good.16 We were very happy.17 You are right.18 The soup tastes delicious.19 The chair is yours.20 The children are asleep.21 The story is interesting.22 He feels better today.23 The le

5、af turns green.24 I stayed awake all the night.25 The weather still remained cold in April.26 The little girl is six.27 My work is to look after the baby.28 His job is taking care of the patient.29 The girl is very pretty.30 He went mad.31 Please don t get angry.32 The weather is getting colder and

6、colder.33 You look angry.34 She looks like her mother.35 You look unhappy, what s the matter?36 Those roses smell beautiful.37 This tastes nice. What s in it?38 Do you feel happy?39 He remained silent.40 The weather is going to stay fine.41 M y job is teaching English42 She is at home43 I feel terri

7、ble44 He is older than he looks 他比看上去要老。45 He seen interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。46 The story sounds interesting 这个故事听起来有趣。47 The desk feels hard书桌摸起来很硬。48 The cake tastes nice 饼尝起来很香。49 The flowers smell sweet and nice 花闻起来香甜。50 You have grown taller than before 你长得比以前高了。51 He has suddenly falle

8、n ill.他突然病倒了。52 He stood quite still.他静静地站看。53 He becomes a teacher.他当了教师。54 He looks well.他面色好。55 It sounds nice这个听起来不错。56 I feel good.我感觉好。57 The egg smells ba抵个鸡蛋难闻。58 He became a teacher at last.59 His face turned red.60 Is he an English teacher, Chinese teacher or Japanese teacher?1一个英语、汉语还是日语老

9、师？练习答案找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。1 Tom is a student. 汤姆是一个学生。Tom 主语，名词 a student表语 名词2 He is fat. 他很胖。He主语，代词fat表语，形容词3 I am tired .我累了I 主语，代词tired 表语，形容词4 We are student豉们是学生。We主语，代词 students表语，名词5 The bag was los他丢了。The bag 主语，名词lost 丢，形容词，表语6 The boy is foolish.这男孩是愚蠢的。The boy主语，名词

10、foolish愚蠢的，形容词，表语7 They were kind他们很亲切。They主语，代词kind.亲切的，和蔼的，形容词，表语8 She is in the room她在屋里。She主语，代词in the room在屋里，介词短语，表语9 The books are on the des 用在桌子上。The books主语，名词 on the desk在桌子上，介词短语，表语10 Snow is white.雪是白色的。Snow 主语，名词white 白色的，形容词，表语11 Kate was here yesterdayl 特昨天在这。Kate主语，名词here代词，表语yester

11、day时间状语12 My father became a teacher in 1978我爸爸在.1978 年成为一名教师。My father主语，名词 a teacher名词，表语in 1978.时间状语13 The weather gets hot in summe直天，天气变热了。The weather主语，名词 hot形容词表语in summer时间状语14 She looks beautiful她看起来很漂亮。She 主语，代词beautiful 表语，形容词15 The flower smells good 花闻起来很香。The flower主语，名词 good形容词，表语16 W

12、e were very happyBfe们很高兴。We主语，代词 very happy表语，形容词17 You are right 你对 了。You 主语，代词right 形容词，表语18 The soup tastes deliciou痢尝起来美味。The soup主语，名词delicious美味的，形容词，表语19 The chair is yours 椅子是你的。The chair 主语，名词yours 表语，物主代词20 The children are asleep® 子们睡着了。The children主语，名词 asleep表语，形容词21 The story is i

13、nteresting这故事挺有趣。The story主语，名词interesting形容词，表语22 He feels better todays今天感觉不错。He主语，代词better形容词，表语today时间状语23 The leaf turns green. 树叶变绿了。The leaf主语，名词 green表语，形容词24 I stayed awake all the night我整夜没睡。I主语，代词awake形容词，表语all the night时间状语25 The weather still remained cold in April. 四月份天气在仍很冷。The weathe

14、r 主语，名词cold 形容词，表语in April 时间状语26 The little girl is six. 这小女孩六岁了。The little girl 主语，名词six 数词，表语27 My work is to look after the baby.我的工作是照看小孩。My work主语，名词to look after the baby动词不定式短语做表语28 His job is taking care of the patient. 他的工作是照顾病人。His job 主语，名词taking care of the patient动名词短语做表语29 The girl is

15、 very pretty.这女孩很漂亮。The girl主语，名词very pretty.形容词，表语30 He went mad他疯了。He主语，代词 mad形容词，表语31 Please don t get angry请不要生气。祈使何，缺少主语，get做系动词，后边的做表语32 The weather is getting colder and colde求变的越来越冷了, The weather 主语, 名词colder and colder形容词短语做表语，形容词比较级 and形容词比较级表示 一个渐变的过程。33 You look angry 你生气了。You主语，代词angry形

16、容词，表语34 She looks like her mother她看起来象她妈妈。She主语，名词her mother名词，表语35 You look unhappy, what' s the matter?尔看起来不高兴，怎么了。 You 主语， 名词unhappy形容词，表语36 Those roses smell goo拉些玫瑰花闻起来很香 。Those rosesi语，名词 good形容词，表语37 This tastes nice. What s in it? 这东西尝起来不错，它里边包的什么？This 代词，主语nice 形容词，表语38 Do you feel happ

17、y? 感觉快乐么。Do you feel happy? 一般疑问旬，do助动词提前，you主语，代词，happy形容 词，表语39 He remained silent他保持沉默。He 主语，代词silent 形容词，表语40 The weather is going to stay fin膜气将持续晴朗。The weather 主语，名词fine 形容词，表语41 M y job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。M y job 主语，名词English 名词，表语42 She is at home 她在家呢。She主语，代词at home介词短语做表语43 I fe

18、el terrible.我感觉很可怕。I 主语，代词terrible 形容词，表语44 He is older than he looks 他比看上去要老。He主语，代词 older than he 100ks表语，形容词短语45 He seems interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。He主语，代词the book名词，表语46 The story sounds interesting 这个故事听起来有趣。The story主语，名词interesting形容词，表语47 The desk feels hard书桌摸起来很硬。The desk主语，名词 hard形

19、容词，表语48 The cake tastes nice 饼尝起来很香。The cake名词，主语 nice形容词，表语49 The flowers smell sweet and nice 花闻起来香甜。The flowers主语，名词 sweet and nice并列形容词做表语50 You have grown taller than before 你长得比以前高了。You主语，代词taller than before形容词短语做表语51 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。He主语，代词 川形容词做表语52 He stood quite still.他静静地站看。He主语，代词still形容词做表语53 He becomes a teacher.他当了教师。He主语，代词 a teacher名词做表语54 He looks well.他面色好。He 主语，代词 well 形容词做表语55 It sounds nice这个听起来不错。It主语，代词nice形容词做表语56 I feel good.我感觉好。I主语，代词good形容词做表语57 The egg smells ba抵个鸡蛋难闻。The egg主语，名词bad形容词做表语58 He