写作范文与指导：六级作文技巧(详)

1、六级作文技巧（详）大学英语六级作文写作一、技巧1、认真审题，打好腹稿2、组织段落:a.列举3、尽量避免语言错误 b.举例c.比较与对<1 > 比较比：<2> 对比d.因果关系1、认真审题，打好腹稿作文的第一个要求就是内容切题。拿到作文题后，首先 要看清题目要求，理解题目的真正意图，然后根据要求，针 对题目整理自己的思路，对自己所想到的内容进行逻辑组织 和全面安排。动笔之前，应对要讨论的问题，该涉及的内容， 所需的事实、例证、阐述、说明和总结等，在头脑中形成一 个整体的构思。然后拟出段落提纲以及写作要点、事实、例 子和结论等。具体写作时，根据提纲，恰当地运用连词，使 文章

2、条理清楚、内容连贯。考试作文受时间限制，一般没有功夫列出详细提纲，但 也应该先构思一个大致框架，对各段内容的安排和过渡作一 个设想，做到胸有成竹。审题不够，缺乏全篇构思，仓促下笔，想到哪儿写到哪 儿，是导致离题的主要原因，必须警惕。2、组织段落段落的组织主要通过扩展句对主题句的支持或说明来进行的。各段的主题句在审题构思时就应基本形成，一旦主 题句确定下来，接着就是通过一系列的扩展句，来说明，描 写，论证或阐述主题句的思想，使读者能够理解作者所要表 达的内容或获取作者所要传达的信息。扩展句必须围绕主题 句来写，否则，可能导致读者不知所云。常见的段落展开方法有列举、举例、比较和对比、因果、叙述、归

3、类、下定义等。a. 列举列举是段落展开的常见方法。在用列举法展开的段落中，作者在主题句中摆出一个论点，然后利用扩展句列举一 系列的论据对论点进行陈述或解释，使读者能够信服主题句 中的观点。例文：There are three kinds of book owners.The first has all the standardsets and bestsellers - unread, untouched. (Thisindividual owns wood pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books - a few

4、of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, butis restrained by a false respect for their physicalappearance.) The third has a few books or many - every one of them dog-eared a

5、nd dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)第1句是该段的主题句。在扩展句的写作中，作者根据主题句中的关键词组 three kinds of book owners，分别用the first, the second和the third对三种书籍拥有者进行阐述，整段条理清楚、内容连贯，使读者对三种书籍拥有 者有了全面的了解。常用于列举的过渡词有first, second, next, then,last

6、, finally, moreover, to begin with, another等。在段落展开过程中，列举的事件可按时间的先后、空间 关系或内容的相对重要性来进行。b. 举例客观事实是最有说服力的。因此，在主题句中摆出自己的观点后，通常可通过具体的实例对自己的观点进行说明，这也是展开段落的常用方法。列举实例时，首先要注意选例适当，具有代表性，能够说明主题句中的观点；其次要注意使用适当的过渡语，让读 者一看便知作者是在举例说明他的观点；最后要注意所举例 子要适中，不要太多，不能喧宾夺主例文:Success can be achieved by strong will. For exampl

7、e, during the Long March, the Red Army soldiers met with the greatest hardship man has ever experienced. They had nothing to eat but grass roots and barks of trees.It was their strong will that made them weather thehardship. For another example, Helen Keller, a strong-willed American blind woman, ma

8、stered the English language and becamea well-known educator. Such instances abound, and suffice it just to enumerate two（只要举两个例子就够了 ）.作者列举了两个事例来说明Success can be achievedby strong will.这一观点。在列举事例时，作者用了过渡词：for example, for another example;使读者一眼就能看出作者是通过实例来解释说明其观点，具有充分的说服 力。（举例是通过典型的事例对作者的观点解释，事例可多 可少；

9、列举侧重一一罗列事实，力求全面。）c. 比较与对比比较与对比用于说明两者或更多的人或事物的异同。比 较是根据一定的标准，将人或事之间的某种联系加以比较而 进行的说明或论述。对比是按一定的标准，对两种事物的不同点，甚至相反之处加以说明或论述。要注意的是，同一类型的事物才能进行比较或对比。<1 > 比较比较，可以是邻近事物之间的比较，也可以是同一事物 的不同发展阶段之间的比较。比较的方法有两种。一是先描 述A，再描述B;另一种是同时描述 A和B，逐点进行比较。 要注意的是：比较强调所比事物的共同点或相似之处，不同 之处应一笔带过，或略去不写。例文：Americans and the B

10、ritish not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans.

11、作者在第一句中指出：Americans and the British notonly speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.随后举了两个例子来说明他们在习俗方面的相同点。这里作者采用了第二种比较法，并用 了过渡词 not onlybut also, and so.等；同时，该段还用到了举例法，由此我们也可看出，几种段落展开的方法 可以综合使用。<2>对比对比用于表示两个或两个以上的人或物之间的不同之处。它的写作方法同样有两种，即先描述A,再描述B,或同时描述A和Bo例文：Eu

12、ropean universities and universities in the United States are fifferent in many ways. First, European students enroll in fewer courses each term than United States students do. Second, European students seldom live at a university. Instead, they live at homeand travel to classes. Third, most Europea

13、n courses are given by professors who lecture to their classes. In contrast, United States professors often ask their students questions or allow their students to form discussion groups. Fourth, European professors ask students to write fewer papers than United States professors do. Consequently, E

14、uropean students final examinations are usually oral, whereas American students take written final examinations. Finally, a European university is mainly a place to study. But at most United States universities, social activities take up a large part of the students.主题句指出：European universities and u

15、niversitiesin the United States are different in many ways.随后从五个方面对它们进行了对比。所用连接词有:作者first, second, third, fourth 和finally从而把要对比的五个方面一列了出来。显然，这里采用了第二种对比法：A1, B1;A2，B2；.具体对比中，第一个方面作者用了比较级，其它方面用了过渡词 instead, in contrast, whereas, but等，层次分明。实际写作时，比较和对比有时可以交叉进行。d. 因果关系根据某一事物的原因推导其结果，或者根据某种结果分 析其原因。这类段落写作

16、必须合乎逻辑和常理，严格遵守因 果关系。如果出现多种原因或结果，就要用列举法将其列举 出来。自然，使用因果法时常常也要用举例或列举的方法。 例文：Progress in science and the improvement of living conditions have led to the rapid growth of the world population. Modern medicine, for example, has made it possible for babies to grow up healthily and for people to live longer

17、. With improved living conditions, particularly in thecountryside, people tend to have larger families.As a result, the world population has increased rapidly.该段在主题句中指出：Progress in science and theimprovement of living conditions have led to the rapid growth of the world population.前因后果。在扩展部分，作者进一步分析

18、了导致其结果的原因。在科技进步方面，作 者以医学为例，来说明现代医学使婴儿更健康成长、人们更 长寿，这是人口增长的原因之一；随着生活水平的提高，尤 其在农村，人们趋向有较大的家庭，这是人口增长的原因之 二。最后结尾句进一步强调上述因果关系。本段从原因出发，进而讨论所导致的结果。整段内容连贯，因果关系清楚。一个完整的段落要求在内容上统一，形式上完整，语言 上连贯。在实际写作时，我们应根据作文题目要求，结合自 己所掌握的材料，选择恰当的写作方法，而不要拘泥一格。3、尽量避免语言错误写作不同于翻译，一个意思可以通过多种手段表达出 来。例如要表达“这是一棵参天大树”，我们可以用多种方 法：1) This is a sky-scraping tree.2) The tree is very tall.3) This is the tallest tree I have ever seen.4) What a t