牛津译林版八年级上册英语：Unit 8 Natural disasters 词汇与语法基础训练

1、.Unit 8 Natural disasters知识精讲一、必背词汇disaster n. 灾难；不幸，祸害mop vt. 用拖把擦干净up adv. 完全地earthquake n. 地震accident n. 事故，意外的事coach n. 长途汽车crash vi. & vt. 猛撞；碰撞flood n. 洪水，水灾village n. 村庄，乡村lightning n. 闪电storm n. 风暴，暴风雨thunder n. 雷，雷声slight adj. 细微的shake vi. & vt. 摇动，震动loud adj. 响亮的；大声的；喧闹的bomb n. 炸弹f

2、ear n. 害怕，恐惧direction n. 方向brick n. 砖，砖块silent adj. 寂静的nervous adj. 紧张不安的heart n. 心脏beat vi. & vt. 使规律作响，作节奏运动trapped adj. 困住的mind n. 头脑calm vi. & vt. 使平静，使镇定since conj. 由于，既然still adv. 仍然alive adj. 活着的dark n. 黑暗shout n. 呼喊，喊叫声safe adj. 平安的asleep adj. 睡着的break vi. 损坏；打破towel n. 毛巾，浴巾rule n.

3、规那么railway n. 铁路pancake n. 烙饼，薄饼burn n. 烧伤，烫伤，灼伤board n. 木板headache n. 头痛toothache n. 牙痛countryside n. 乡下, 农村nearly adv. 几乎， 将近clear vt. 去除，清理shaking n. 摇动，震动#:第 20 页二、重点词汇1. break verb /brek/1. to cause something to separate suddenly or violently into two or more pieces, or to cause something to st

4、op working by being damaged破碎，破裂；打破；打断；损坏，弄坏例句：The dish fell to the floor and broke.碟子掉到地上摔碎了。She fell and broke her arm.她摔断了胳膊。2. to destroy or end something, or to come to an end 毁坏，打破；完毕，终结例句：Eventually someone spoke, breaking the silence.最后终于有人开口打破了沉默。She broke the record for the 5,000 meters.她打

5、破了5000米的纪录。3. to interrupt or to stop something for a short period 打断；中断，中止例句：We usually break for lunch at 12.30.我们通常12点半休息吃午饭。The phone rang, breaking my concentration. 铃响了，打断了我的注意。2. shake verb & noun /ek/1. v. to move backwards and forwards or up and down in quick, short movements, or to mak

6、e something or someone do this 摇动；抖动；使颤抖例句：A young boy climbed into the apple tree and shook the branches so that the fruit fell down.一个男孩爬上苹果树，用力摇着枝条好让苹果掉下来。She shook her hair loose from its ribbon.她抖了抖头发，把丝带抖掉。2. v. If you are shaking, your body makes quick short movements, or you feel as if it is

7、 doing so, because you are frightened or nervous. 因害怕或紧张而打颤，发抖例句：She was shaking as she opened the letter.她颤抖着拆开了信。I was shaking like a leaf = very nervous before the test.我考试前特别紧张。3. n. an act of shaking something 摇动；抖动；震动例句：She gave the box a shake to see if there was anything inside it.她摇了摇盒子，看里面

8、有没有东西。"No, no, no," he said with a shake of his head. “不，不，不，他摇着头说。3. since adverb & preposition & conjunction /sns/1. adv. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now此后，从此例句：Emma went to work in New York a year ago, and we havent seen her since.埃玛一年前去纽约工作了，

9、自那时起我们就没有见过她。He started working for the company in 2019, and has been there ever since.他毕业后就开场为这家公司工作，在此之后他一直呆在那里。2. prep. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now自从；从以来例句：He hasnt won a game since last year.1966年以后，英格兰队就再没有拿过世界杯冠军。It was the hottest October since records

10、began.这是有史以来最热的十月。3. conj. because; as因为；既然例句：Since weve got a few minutes to wait for the train, lets have a cup of coffee.既然等火车还需要几分钟，我们去喝杯咖啡吧。Since she has lost weight that skirt bags on her.因为她减肥了，她穿那条裙子显得太松垂了。4. direction noun /darekn/ 1. the position towards which someone or something moves or

11、 faces方向，朝向例句：He was going in the direction of the bedroom.他正朝着卧室走去。They drove away in opposite directions.他们朝相反的方向驶去。2. control or instruction 管理；控制；指挥；指导例句：I couldnt understand the directions on the packet.我看不懂包装盒上的说明。The project was under the direction of a well-known academic.这项工程是在一位著名学者的指导下进展的

12、。5. beat verb & noun /bit/1. v. to defeat or do better than 打败，战胜例句：Simon always beats me at tennis.西蒙打网球总是赢我。Holland beat Belgium by 31.荷兰队3比1战胜比利时队。2.v. to hit repeatedly 接连地打，击例句：They saw him beating his dog with a stick.他们看见他用棍子打他的狗。Beat the drum.打起鼓来。3. v. to cause to make a regular movemen

13、t or sound 使跳动；使拍打；敲打例句：The doctor could feel no pulse beating.医生感觉不到脉搏的跳动。The hummingbird beats its wings at great speed.蜂鸟高速振动翅膀。4. n. a regular movement or sound, especially that made by your heart尤指心脏连续的跳动声例句：I put my head on his chest but I could feel no heartbeat.我把头贴近他的胸口，但感觉不到他的心跳。They dance

14、d to the beat of the drums.他们随着鼓声翩翩起舞。6. silent adjective /salnt/1. without any sound 宁静的；寂静的例句：The empty house was completely silent.那座空房子一片寂静。It was four oclock in the morning and the streets were as silent as the grave.这是凌晨四点，伦敦如坟墓一样寂静，非常安静。2. without talking 沉默的；沉默的例句：Trish was silent because sh

15、e was reluctant to put her thoughts into words.特里希一言不发，因为她不愿意把她的想法说出来。She and Ned sat silently for a moment, absorbing the peace of the lake.她和内德默默地坐了片刻，享受着那湖泊的宁静。三、必背短语1. thousands of 许多；成千上万的2. wash away 冲走；洗掉；忘却3. crash into 闯入；撞到上4. fall from 从落下5. catch fire 着火6. at first 起初；首先7. in fear 害怕8. r

16、un out of 用光，用尽9. try ones best 尽某人最大的努力10. in all directions 四面八方；全面地11. come down 下来，降落12. not.at all 一点也不13. calm down 平静下来14. say to oneself 自言自语15. find ones way out 寻找解决方法16. at last 最终，最后17. the noise of 之声18. because of 因为，由于19. as.as possible 尽可能20. on fire 着火；起火21. a loud noise like thunde

17、r 一声雷鸣般的巨响四、经典句型1. Then I heard a loud noise like然后我听到一声般的巨响。2. I tried my best to.我尽最大的努力3. I could not see anything at all, and.我什么都看不见，也三点剖析一、考点1. 掌握本课核心词汇和固定搭配。2. 过去进展时的用法1. 定义过去进展时，是表示过去某个详细时刻正在进展的事情或动作。2. 构造was/were +doing 如今分词3. 用法1. 过去进展时表示过去某段时间内持续进展的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语：this morning, the whole m

18、orning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例句：We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。2. 过去进展时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。例句：When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。3. 在复合句中，假如主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进展时。例句：

19、While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。两个动作都是延续的He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。两个动作同时进展3. when，while和as在过去进展时中的用法1. when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。例句：Sorry, I was out when you called me.对不起,你打 时我刚好外出了。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热

20、打铁。The students took notes as they listened.学生们边听课边做笔记。2. when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。例句：When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。While/ As we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。3. 当主句、从句动作同时进展，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或

21、条件时，只能用as这时，as常表示“随着；“一边，一边之意。例句：As the time went on, the weather got worse.随着时间的推移，天气变得更糟了。例题：1. -Sandy, the glass is broken. How did that happen?-Sorry, Mum. I dont know. I _ outside.A. playB. was playingC. have playedD. am playing【答案】B【解析】考察过去进展时。根据句意：桑迪，这玻璃杯坏了，是怎样发生的？对不起，妈妈，我不知道，我当时在外面玩。根据句意可知应该

22、用过去进展时。应选D。2. 用when，while，as填空1.The teacher came in _ the students were talking.2. _ was sleeping, my parents were watching TV.3. _ it grew darker, it became colder.【答案】1. when/ while/ as2. While3. As【解析】考察过连词when，while，as的用法。根据相关用法填出对应连词即可。二、易错点loud，aloud和loudly1. loud作副词时，常用比较级形式，意为“响亮地或“高声地，侧重发出的

23、音量大，传得远，一股多用来修饰speak，talk，laugh等动词；作形容词时意为“大声的；响亮的。例句：Speak louder, or I cant hear you.大点声，否那么我听不见你说话。The children made a loud noise downstairs.孩子们在楼下大声喧哗。2. aloud为副词，强调发出的声音能被听见，意为“出声地或“大声地。aloud作“出声地讲时，主要与read连用；作“大声地讲时，主要与call，shout，cry等词连用。例句：Please read the letter aloud so that everybody can he

24、ar.请大声地把信读出来,让大家都能听见。The boy is crying aloud.那个男孩哭的声音很大。3. loudly作副词，意为“响亮地，其根本意义与loud一样，还常与ring，knock等动词连用，可指人的说话声、敲门声或其他各种声音，强调“声音高。含有“喧闹的意思。例句：Someone knocked loudly at the door.有人大声敲门。例题：Suddenly the bell on the wall rang _.A. quietB. aloudC. loudlyD. quietly【答案】C【解析】考察词汇辨析。根据句意：突然墙上的铃突然想了起来。alo

25、ud意为“大声地；loudly意为“响亮地，应选C。题模精选题模一：Unit 8 词汇应用例1.1.1 The girl felt so _ that she fell _ at the table.A sleepy; asleepB sleepy; sleepyC asleep; sleepyD asleep; asleep例1.1.2 根据括号提示填空1. There are many natural _ 灾难 in the world every year.2. A strong earthquake killed _ thousand of people last year.题模二：过

26、去进展时例1.2.1 I was writing a letter _ she was making a telephone call.A whileB whenC beforeD as例1.2.2 根据中文提示完成句子1. 雷电总是跟在闪电后面，因为电的传播速度比声音快。_ _ _ _ because light travels faster than sound.2. 我们应该学习怎样在地震中保护自己。We should learn _ _ _ _ _ _ _.随堂练习随练1.1 The man tried several times to start the car, and he _

27、succeeded.A in the pastB in the endC at firstD at once随练1.2 If there is any change to the plan, I will tell you as soon _.A as possibleB as impossibleC as quickD as quickly随练1.3 -Whats wrong with you?-I dont feel well. I have _.A toothacheB headacheC a headacheD cold随练1.4 根据括号提示完成句子1. It is dangerou

28、s to travel by ship this week. There will be a _ 暴风雨on the sea.2.There are lots of people in this _ 村庄.3. Dont lose _ 信心when you fail. Cheer up and have another try.4. My _ 头脑 went empty when I heard the shocking news.5. Without the help of the police, I wouldnt be _ live today.6. The poor dog was _

29、 trap under the bricks and could do nothing but wait for help.7. _ luck, we sent the boy to hospital in time and saved his legs.8. Listen! Can you hear them _ shout at each other? What is happening?随练1.5 Jenny _ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.A is cookingB was cookingC

30、 cooksD cooked随练1.6 The twins didnt go to the theatre; they _ the light music all night.A have enjoyedB will enjoyC are enjoyingD were enjoying.自我总结课后作业作业1 -Is that a baby crying outside?-No. It _ a baby. But in fact, it is my neighbors cat.A looks likeB sounds likeC feels likeD hears like作业2 -Does

31、the child need any help?-No. She is_ to dress herself.A enough oldB young enoughC old enoughD enough young作业3 Last week a big flood _ the village _ and hundreds of people died.A put; awayB ran; awayC took; awayD washed; away作业4 _ I got back, I found my mother cooking for me.A WhenB BeforeC sinceD Al

32、though作业5 根据中文提示完成句子1. 由于大雪，他们被困在汽车里了。They were _ in the car because of the _ snow.2. 当他的妈妈外出的时候，我将送他去上学。I will _ _ _ _ when his mother is out.3. 在那次事故中,他用手机打 求救。He _ _ _ with his _ _ in that accident.4. 假如你的手烧伤了，你应该把它放在冷水里10分钟左右。If you burn your hand, you should _ it _ _ _ for about 10 minutes.5. 我

33、们应该采取有效措施来保护我们自己远离交通事故。We should take effective measures to _ _ _ _.作业6 -I didnt see you at the meeting yesterday. Why?-I _for an important telephone call at that moment.A waitB waitedC am waitingD was waiting答案解析题模精选题模一：Unit 8 词汇应用例1.1.1【答案】A【解析】 考察词汇辨析。根据句意：这个女孩儿感到如此困倦以致于在桌子旁睡着了。feel sleepy表示“感到困倦

34、的，fall asleep表示“睡着了，应选A。例1.1.2【答案】 1. disasters2. thousands【解析】 考察本课重点核心词汇，根据提示和语境，填出相应单词及其适当形式。题模二：过去进展时例1.2.1【答案】A【解析】 考察过去进展时连词辨析。根据句意：我在写信时她正在打 。While并列连词，表示从句中谓语动词表示的动作与主句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，应选C。例1.2.2【答案】 1. Thunder always follows lighting2. how to protect ourselves in an earthquake【解析】 考察本课重点短语和句型，注意动词单复数和固定搭配。随堂练习随练1.