2019-2020年高中英语非谓语动词的11个重要考点

1、2021-2021年高中英语非谓语动词的11个重要考点一、考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的根本区别从时间关系上看,不定式表未来,现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成,同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成；从主动与被动来看,不定式和现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来,现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行.如：1. Isendyou100dollarstoday,therestinayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed分析：答案选

2、Co动词不定式表示未来的动作.2.fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated分析：答案选Co由于Australia与separate是被动关系,且separate发生在谓语动词has之前,所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语.二、考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式结合句子意思,考察非谓语动词与相

3、应逻辑主语的关系,假设为主动关系,用主动式；假设为被动关系,用被动式.此时要特别注意,过去分词没有相应的被动式,由于它本身可以表示被动.如：1. Therepairscostalot,butit'smoneywell.A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending分析：答案选Bo因money与spend是被动关系,所以用过去分词.2. Theprizeofthegameshowis$30000andanallexpensesvacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid分析：答案选Bo因allexpe

4、nses与pay是被动关系,故用过去分词.注意句中的an不是修饰expenses,而是修饰vacationo3. Whenhelp,oneoftensays,“Thankyou."Or"It'skindofyou.A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered分析：答案选Do因一个人说谢谢,应当是他被提供了帮助,所以要用过去分词,Whenofferedhelp=Whenheisofferedhelp三、考查非谓语动词完成式的用法非谓语动词不定式、动名词和现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作.做题时要注意根据题干所提供的

5、语境来推断这种先后关系.如：1. Thestormleft,alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused分析：答案选Do因Thestorm与cause是主动关系,排除选项A;不定式作状语,前面通常不用逗号,排除B和C;因暴风雨给这个地区造成损失是在结束之前,所以用完成式.2. MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.takingB.takenC.havi

6、ngtakenD.havingbeentaken分析：答案选A.因people与takeadvantageof是主动关系,排除选项B和D；take不会发生在谓语aresigningup之前,不用完成式,排除C.四、考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语在通常情况下,表伴随情况的应用现在分词.如：1. “Youcan'tcatchme!Janetshouted,away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran分析：答案选Bo现在分词作伴随状语.2. Heglancedoverather,thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.

7、A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted分析：答案选Ao由于he与note是主谓关系,且note与谓语动词glanced的动作同时发生,所以用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语.3. Daddydidn'tmindwhatweweredoingloagasweweretogether,fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having分析：答案选Do用现在分词表伴随情况.说明：有时过去分词也可表伴随注意过去分词同时还表被动关系,但高考很少考查此用法.如：Hecamein,followedbyhiswife.他走了进来,后面跟着他的妻子.五、考查非谓语

8、动词用作目的状语在通常情况下,用作目的状语只能是不定式.如：1. “Cantheprojectbanishedasplanned?""Sure,itpletedintime,we'llworktwomorehoursaday.A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get分析：答案选Bo作目的状语只能用动词不定式.2.moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.FindoutD.Havingfoundout分析：答案选Ao作目的状语要用动词不定式.3.

9、Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjustalookatthesportsstars.(xx上海卷)A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have分析：答案选Co看看体育明星是在体育馆外等三个小时的目的,作目的状语只能用动词不定式.六、考查非谓语动词用作结果状语1 .用现在分词表结果.如：Hefired,killingoneofthepassers-by.他开枪了,打死了一个过路人.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,arecordU

10、S$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching分析：答案选Bo伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,用现在分词作结果状语.2 .用不定式表结果.如：Hereturnedhometofindhiswifewaitingforhim.他回到家发现他的妻子在等他.Hehurriedtothestationonlythatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound分析：答案选A.由于onlytodo是习语,意为结果却,不料",hurrie

11、d和find是先后发生的两个动作.七、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原那么上,所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语,其区别是：不定式表未来,现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成和被动.如：1. Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon分析：答案选Ao作with的宾语的补足语要用非谓语动词,排除选项B和C;与谓语动作同时发生用现在分词作宾语补足语,排除表示将来的不定式选项D.2. Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehaditoft

12、enenoughA.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained分析：答案选D.宾语it与explain是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补,havesthdone意为情人做某事工八、考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题根据英语习惯,非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致,否那么就应调整句子结构.如：Whilewatchingtelevision,.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings分析：答案选Co由于watching的逻辑主语一定是we,排除选

13、项A和B;又因在hear后作宾语补足语的是省略了to的不定式,所以选项D中的rings是错误的.九、考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题原那么上说,动词用作主语,只能是不定式或动名词,不能是分词形式.这类考题命题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查,同学们做题需引起注意.如：It'necessarytobepreparedforajobinterview;theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having分析：答案选Do动名词短语用作主语.十、考查"(be+)过去分词+介词结构有类"be过

14、去分词+介词结构,如beinterestedin,beworriedabout,belostin,bedressedin等,也往往是命题的热点.如：1. inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing分析：答案选B.因表示迷路于是loseoneselfin,题中没有oneself,所以thetwostudents与lose是被动关系,应该用过去分词作状语.2. inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeaco

15、okthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed分析：答案选A.由dress的宾语一定是人或oneself可知,dress与he是动宾关系,即he与dress是被动关系,要用过去分词作状语,Dressedin=Asheisdressedin十一、非谓语动词的综合考查有时会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查,如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式,在考查不splanisunfair定式的同时兼考分词,等等.如：1. Idon'twantlikeI'mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanagerA.toso

16、undB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded分析：答案选A.表示想要做某事wan后只能接todo,排除选项C;soundlike中sound是系动词,属不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,排除选项B;sound发生在want后,故不用完成式,排除选项Do2. “IsBobstillperforming?'dnot.Heisnsafdaithestagealreadyashehasbeeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft分析：答案选A.因he与leave是主动关系,不用被动式

17、,排除选项C和D;由already可知,要用完成式.2021-2021年高中英语人教大纲第三册：UnitlThatmustbearecord备课资料i.异域风情1 .TheLongestFenceintheWorldTheAustraliangovernmenthasbuiltthelongestfenceintheworld.Itis9500kilometreslong,andtwohundredmenlookafterit.Theydrivealongitandrepairiteveryday.Sandblowsagainstitandburiesit.Sandblowsawayfromi

18、tandleavesholesunderit.Rabbitsmakeholesthroughit.Theseholesaredangerous.Themanhastorepairthemimmediately.Iftheydonot,thedingoeswillgetin.Dingoesarewilddogs.TheyarethefiercestkillersinAustralia.Wildanimalsusuallykillforfoodbutdingoeswillforpleasure.Onedingocaneasilykill100sheepinanight,oraflockofshee

19、pinafewdays.Dingoeskilled600000sheepinQueenslandinelevenyears.Thosesheepwereworth£2000000.Thefarmerswereangry,buttheycouldnotstopthedingoes.Thisproblemwastoobigforthefarmerstosolve.Sothegovernmentagreedtobuildthefence.Why?BecauseAustraliadependsonhersheep.Sheexports45percentofallthewoolinthewor

20、ld.Shemustwinthefightagainstthedingoes.2 .TheWorld'sLargestLibraryYoumightthinkthelargestlibraryintheworldwouldbeinEurope.Butitisn't.It'sinWashingtonD.C.It'scalledtheLibraryofCongress.PresidentJohnAdamsstartedthelibraryin1800formembersofCongress.Hewantedthemtobeabletoreadbooksaboutla

21、w.Thefirst740bookswereboughtinEngland.TheyweresimplysetupintheroomwhereCongressmet.ThenThomasJeffersonsoldCongressmanyofhisownbooks.HefeltCongressshouldhavebooksonallsubjects,notjustonlaw.Thisideachangedthelibraryforgood.Thelibrarygrewandgrew.Nowitcoversacresofland.Itcontains20millionbooksaswellassc

22、oresofpictures,movies,globesandmachines.Expertsineveryfieldworkthere.Hundredsofpeoplecalleverydaywithallkindsofquestions.Manyofthemgetanswersrightoverthephone.Thelibraryisahughstorehouse.ThomasEdison'sfirstmovieandHoudini'smagicbooksresidethere.Anditistheproudowneroftheworld'sbestcollect

23、ionoficbooks.n.知识归纳1 .名词化形容词、名词化分词在句中作主语时的主谓一致.定冠词the与形容词或分词连用时起名词的作用,它们既可以表示一类人,也可以表示一类物.它们在句中作主语时的主谓一致问题应注意,现将其用法归纳如下：(1)the+形容词或分词作主语,指一类人时,谓语动词常用复数形式.Thewoundedarewelltakencareofinthehospital.伤员在医院得到了很好的照顾.Thelivingaremoreimportanttousthanthedead.对我们来说,活着的人比死者更重要.(2)the+形容词作主语,表示抽象概念,指一类物时,谓语动词要

24、用单数形式.Thelatestisthatheiselectedmanager.最新的消息是他被选为经理.Theunknownissuretohappen.预料不到的事一定会发生.(3)两个the+形容词或分词由and连接,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.Thewoundedandthedyingweretakentohospital.受伤的人和生命垂危的人被送往医院.(4)有些表示民族的形容词,如Chinese,Irish,French及British等与the连用,既可指整个民族,也可专指某国的局部人,谓语动词用复数形式.特指某一个人时,谓语动词用单数形式.TheChinesearei

25、ndustriousandbrave.中国人民勤劳勇敢.TheBritishdrinkagreatdealoftea.英国人喝茶.TheChineseisawriter.这位中国人是作家.此句中Chinese是名词,特指某一个中国人.(5)定冠词the与above,below,former,latterfirst,last等形容词连用,谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式,要看上下文而定.Theaboveisthemostimportantsentence.上面的句子很重要.Theabovearethemostimportantfacts.上述事实很重要.2 .让步状语从句的归纳在中学阶段,我们学过

26、的引导让步状语从句表示尽管虽然,即使的词语通常有although,though,while,as,eventhough,evenif,despite,inspiteof等.在这些词语中除了后两个是介词、介词短语外,其余都是附属连词.现将这些词语的主要用法归纳如下.1附属连词although,though,while,as,eventhough,evenif的用法.在正常语序中的让步状语从句,通常用although,though,while,eventhough引导从句.该从句可以位于主句前,也可位于主句后.although较正式些,though较口语化,while可与though互换,但whi

27、le不太常用,eventhough含有强调意味.Although/Though/While/Eventhoughtheworkishard,Ienjoyit.尽管这项工作艰难,但我却喜欢它.Lucycouldnotgetoutofthetroublealthough/though/while/eventhoughshetriedherbest.虽然露茜尽了尽大努力,但还是未能摆脱困境.注意：在上述两句中的though,although,while或eventhough都不能用as代替,而且eventhough中的though不能用although代替.让步状语从句中的动词用一般现在时表将来或一

28、般的行为时,常用eventhough/if,而一般不用though,although,while或as.Iwon'tattendthepartyeventhough/ifIaminvited.即使邀请我,我也不会参加这个聚会.但如果though引导的让步状语从句中有情态动词,也可以用eventhough/if跟一般现在时来代替,表示习惯性的行为.Evenif/thoughyoudon'tlikebeerThoughyoumaynotlikebeer,tryaglassofthis.尽管你不喜欢啤酒,也要喝下这一杯.当让步状语从句的动词用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设时,常用eve

29、nthough或evenif,而不用其他四个连词.Heisn'tstupid.Eventhough/ifhewereslowinstudy,heshouldn'tgiveuphisstudies.他并不笨,即使他学得慢一点,也不应该放弃学习.倒装语序的让步状语从句起强调作用,附属连词通常用though,as,而不用although,while,eventhough,这种从句均放在主句之前,位于句首.它的词序是要把形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前,常见的结构有以下几种：A.adj./adv.+as/though+主语+其他成分Coldasitwas,theywentonwork

30、ingonthefarm.尽管天冷,但他们继续在田里干活.MuchasIlikethenecklace,Iwillnotbuyit.尽管我喜欢这条项链,我还是不会买的.B.v.+as+Sub.+情态动词助动词+其他成分Tryasshemight,shecouldn'topenthedoor.虽然她试了几次,但仍打不开那扇门.C.n.+as+Sub.+其他成分Childasheis,heknowsalot.尽管他是小孩,却懂很多东西.注意：child前不带不定冠词a当状语从句用although/though/eventhough引导时,不能与but连用,但可与yet或still连用,构成

31、though/although.yet/still结构.Although/Though/Eventhoughhetriedhisbest,(yet/still)hefailed.他虽然竭尽全力,但还是失败了.(2)despite及inspiteof的用法介词despite或介词短语inspiteof的意思都是尽管,虽然,其后都可接名词(短语)或动名词(短语),两者可以互换.Despite/Inspiteofherseriousillness,shecametothemeeting.尽管她病得很重,但仍然来开会了.Wehadawonderfulholiday,despite/inspiteofb

32、adweather.尽管天气不好,我们的假期还是过得非常愉快.3.burst的用法归纳(1)爆炸,爆裂,爆破(vi.)Theboyputtoomuchairintotheballonanditburst.那男孩把气球打气打得太多了,它爆了.Oncetheirwaterpipesfrozeandburst.有一次,他们的水管冻裂了.(2)忽然迸发,忽然出现(vi.)和forth连用Thecherryblossomsburstforthinalltheirbeauty.美丽的樱花忽然开放了.和into连用Theyweresomovedthattheyburstintotears.他们感动得哭了起来

33、.(3)使裂开,使猛然翻开(vt.)Theriverhasburstitsbanks.河水决堤了.Theyburstthedooropen/burstopenthedoor.他们一下子把门踹开了.(4)burst常见短语归纳burstinto+n.burstout+v.-ingburstintotears/laughter忽然大哭/大笑burstintobloom/flower开花burstintoleaf长叶burstintosong忽然唱起歌来burstintoangryspeech大发雷霆burstintotheroom闯入房间burstintoastormofabuse破口大骂burs

34、toutcrying/laughing忽然哭/笑起来出.词语辨析1 .familiarwith,familiartofamiliarwith和familiarto这两个形容词短语均有熟悉;通晓之意,均可用作表语、主语补足语和后置定语.但在用法上又有些区别.(1)familiarwith意为"havingagoodknowledgeof.其主语只能为人,宾语可为人也可为事物,表示某人熟悉某人或某物.BeforeyouleavehomeforEngland,youshouldbefamiliarwithEnglish.在你去英国之前,你应首先熟悉英语.Thebookiswrittenfo

35、rreadersfamiliarwiththeGermanlanguage.这本书是为懂德语的人编写的.(2)familiarto意为"wellknownto.,其主语可为人,也可为事物,但宾语只能为人,表示某人或某事物对某人来说是熟悉的.Englishisfamiliartohim.英语是他的熟门.Therearefacesnotfamiliartome.有几张面孔我不熟悉.这两个短语的主语和宾语的位置正好相反,除强调的语句成分的不同外,其语意不变.She'sfamiliarwiththesubject.=Thesubjectisfamiliartoher.她熟悉这道题目.

36、2 .aswell,aswellas(1)aswell是副词短语,意思是也,常用于句末.ShespeaksEnglishaswell.她也说英语.I'mgoingtoShanghaiandmybrother'sgoingaswell.我将去上海,我弟弟也去.注意：aswell不用于否认句.另外aswell表示也好；不妨；还是好,放在主要动词之前,前面常用may,just等.Youmayaswellgo.你去也好.Youjustaswelltellmethetruth.你还是告诉我真相为好.(2)aswellas相当于notonly,besides,inadditionto,意思是不仅；除外；还",后面可跟名词、代词、形容词、v.-ing形式等.HereadsGermanaswellasEnglish.他不仅读英语,而且读德语.Th