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1、Job-sharingThereareanumberofpointstoconsiderwhenarrangingjob-sharing.Thefirstthingistofindsomeoneyoulike.Becausethepersonisyourpartnerwhocoorperatewithyouinthesamejobinthedifferentworktime.Thesecondthingistoorganizeandplanhowyousharethework.Thiscaneliminatetheconfusionoftheworkwhilemaintainingproduc
2、tivity,Thethirdthingistoarrangeafixedtimetocommunicate.Becauseyouandyourpartnerwilldothesamejobinthedifferenttimesothatyouneedagoodcommunicationandplantoimproveefficiency.Inaddition(Tosumup),job-sharingallowstheemployeetoworkpart-timeinordertospendmoretimewiththeirfamilies,attendschool,orpursueother
3、personalinterestswhenweobeytheruleofthejob-sharing.FreelanceThereareanumberofpointstoconsiderifyouareafreelancer.Thefirstthingistoowntheabilityofworkingindependently.Somepeoplecandolittlealonebutworkinginthegroup.Thiskindofpeoplecan'tdoagoodfreelancer.Thesecondthingistoorganizeandplanhowyouarran
4、gethejobofdifferentcompany.Becauseyousellyourworkorservicestoanumberofdifferentcompanies,youmustdealwiththerelationshipofdifferentjobs.Thethirdisagoodresource.Thatisforthecompanywhichyouareworkingforcan'tofferyouenoughresourceforafreelancer.Inaddition(Tosumup),Workingindependentlyandontemporaryc
5、ontractsratherthanforalong-termemployer.(Notes:takethehighroad=dothingsinanethicalway)Yousellyourworkorservicestoanumberofdifferentcompanies.HotdeskingMoreproductiveuseofofficespace;ofteninvolves,toagreaterorlesserextent,eliminatingpersonalownershipofdesks.Itisamethodofsharingdesks,withworkerswhoare
6、usuallyworkingelsewherebookingspacetowork.Thishasbeenmadeeasierbytheuseoflaptopsandjustbeingabletoplugthesestraightintodockingpointsateverydesk.Thisallowsworkerstocarryouttheirtasksanywherewhentheyareworkingfromtheirownlaptop.Advantages:Costsavinginfurnitureandoverheadssuchaselectricity,phonebills,c
7、omputermaintenance,rent,air-conditioning,etc.Disadvantage:nopersonalterritoryorprivacy.Youdon'thaveapermanentplaceorofficetoworkat,butyoufindaplacetoworkwhenyouarrive.ShiftWorkWorkthatisbrokenintochunksoftime,e.g.thedayshiftmaybe8a.m.to4p.m.;thenightshiftmidnightto8a.m.,etc.RelatedTerm:OT(overti
8、mepay)Youworkduringdifferentpartsoftheday(eg.nights).TeleworkingAcatch-alltermdescribinganywayofworkingatadistanceusingacombinationofcomputersandtelecommunications.Itisoftenassociatedwithhome-basedworking,butincludesmobileworking,etcCompare:WorkfromHomevs.WorkatHomeYouworkforacompanyfromhomeviaemail
9、,phoneortheInternet.TelecommutingThistermisusedinterchangeablywithteleworking,andisthemorecommontermintheUS.Theconceptualemphasisisonreplacingthecommutejourneythroughelectronicaccesstotheworkplace.Synonyms:telecommuter/home-basedworkerFlextimeFlextime(flexibleworktime)isthemostpopularflexibleworkarr
10、angementthatrequiresemployeestoworkastandardnumberofhourseachweekbutallowsthemtochoosetheirownstartingandquittingtimes.However,aportionofeachdayisdesignatedas"coretime/hours"whenallemployeesmustbepresent.Youworkanumberofhoursperweekormonthbutyoudecidewhenyoustartorfinish.Job-sharingAlterna
11、tiveworkscheduleinwhichtwoemployeesvoluntarilysharetheresponsibilitiesofonefulltimejob,andreceivesalaryandbenefitsonpro-ratabasis(按比例均摊).Forexample,onepersonmayworkinacertainpositionMondayandTuesday,andasecondpersonmayoccupythatsamepositionThursdayandFriday.ThetwopeoplemaybothworkonWednesdayanduseth
12、attimetoupdateeachotheronthecurrentstatusofthevariousprojectsonwhichtheycollaborate.Avarietyofotherarrangementsarepossibleaswell.Twoormoreworkerssharethedutiesofonefulltimejob,witheachpersonworkingonaparttimebasis.Examples:?Twoworkerssplittheworkofasingleposition60%/40%,sharethesalaryaccordingly,and
13、areintheoffice2daysperweekatthesametime.?Twoworkersshareasinglepositionanddecidetogetherwheneachwillworkandwhichtaskseachwillperform.TempingWorkingshortemploymenttaskswithavarietyofclients,usuallythroughatempingagencyorstaffingfirm.Previouslytempsweremostlyadministrative,butjob-seekerscannowfindtemp
14、ingagenciescoveringmostprofessions.Tempingisgreatforbuildingresume,learningskills,networking-andjobflexibilityandvariety.Youworkfordifferentcompaniesforashorttimewithoutapermanentcontract.Consultancy(顾问工作)Theactofanindividualororganizationprovidingprofessionaladvicetoothersforafee.Awidevarietyofcons
15、ultantsexistformanyareasoforganizationalconcerns,includingmanagement,accounting,finance,andlegalandtechnicalmatters.Youaren'employedbyacompany,butarepaidtogivespecialistadvice.Part-yearWork:Workersworkonlyacertainnumberofmonthsperyear.Examples:?Asemi-retiredaccountantworksforanaccountingfirmduri
16、ngitsbusyseasonfromJanuarythroughMay.Hetakestheremainderoftheyearofftotravel.?Ateacherworksanine-monthyear.Youonlyworkforsomeoftheweek(notfull-time).Whatisimportanttorememberwhendecidingwhattypeofadvertisingtouse?Whendecidingwhichtypeofadvertisingtouse,thefirstthingistoconsiderthecost.Thecompanyshou
17、lddecidethetypeofadvertisingaccordingtothebudget.Ifitissoexpensivethatthecompanycannotaffordit,itwillcauseunnecessaryburdentothecompany.Inadditiontocost,alsorememberthatitshouldreachvastnumberoftargetcustomers.Forexample,iftheproductaimsatseniorcitizens,itshouldnotchoosetheInternetbecausemanyseniorc
18、itizensdonotsurftheinternetatall.Inthiscase,radioornewspaperscanbegoodalternatives.Besidesyoushouldconsiderwhetheritisashort-termorlong-termpromotion.Ifthetypeofadvertisementcanprovideyouwithlong-termpromotionofaproductorservicethatcanreachimmenseaudience,itcanstillbecost-effectivebecauseitcanreachv
19、astnumberofpeopleatatimeataconsiderablelowprice.Whatisimportanttorememberaboutyourtargetconsumerwhenplanninganadvertisingcampaign?Whenpanningadvertisingcampaign,thefirstthingtoconsideristheageandfenderofthetargetcustomer.Onlywhenyouknowtheageandgenderofthetargetcustomercanyouknowtheirlikesanddislike
20、s,andthemediatheyoftenhaveaccessto.Itisalsoagoodideatoconsiderthetypicalincomeofthetargetcustomers.Theirtypicalincomecantellyouthetypeofproductsorservicestheymayenjoy.Youradvertisingcampaignwillbefutileifyouareaimingatpeoplewiththewrongincomegroups.Inaddition,don'tforgettomakeaninvestigationinto
21、whattheyreadinordertoselectanappropriatetypeofadvertising.Ifthetargetcustomerdoesn'tlogontheInternetatall,launchingyouradvertisementonlinewillleadtonothing.Similarly,iftargetcustomersdon'thavethehabitofreadingnewspapers,havingyouradvertisementprintedonnewspaperswillsurelybeawasteofmoney.What
22、isimportantwhenarrangingin-housetraining?Thereareanumberofpointstoconsiderwhenarrangingin-housetraining.Thefirstthingisthetrainingneedsofstaff.Asweknow,theobjectoftrainingisthestaff.Onlywhenweknowandmeettheirrequirements,canweimprovetheirknowledgeandskillsneededforhigherqualityperformanceandmoreeffe
23、ctivework.Otherwise,itwillbepurposelessandawasteatime.Thesecondthingtorememberisthequalityandinfluenceofthetrainer.Tomakethetrainingeffective,thetrainerplaysaveryimportantrole.Aqualifiedtrainerwithgreatinfluencecanmakethetrainingmoreprofessional,appealingandconvincing.Sincemoststaffnowadaysarequiteb
24、usy,theywillnotattendatrainingofferedbyanobscure,inexperiencedandnon-professionaltrainer.Inadditiontothat,lengthoftrainingshouldbewell-planned.Itcannotbetoolongortooshort.Alengthytrainingmaybetediousandexhaustive,whiletooshorttrainingmaybefruitless.Whatisimportantwhenselectingapplicantsforajob?Whens
25、electingapplicantsforajob,thefirstthingtoconsideristheirpersonalqualities.Acandidatewithrelevantqualitiescanensurethatheorshehastherequiredabilities,knowledgeortechniquespertinenttothatjob.Andcompaniesdon'thavetopreparefurthertrainingforthemwhentheystartworkthusreducescosts.Secondly,acandidatene
26、edstohavepreviousworkingexperience,sinceapersonwithlotsofacademiccertificatesmaynotknowhowtocopewithrealsituations.However,acandidatewithexperiencewillfindtimucheasiertoadapthimselforherselftotheworkenvironmentandtoplayhisorherrole.Apartfromthese,youalsoneedtoconsiderthecommunicatingabilityofthecand
27、idate.Bycommunicativeskills,wemeanhavingtheabilitytoexpressideasclearly,becooperativeandgetonwellwithotherpeoplewhichwillbeveryimportantforhimorhertoplayagoodpartintheteamwork.whatisimportantwhenplacinganewspaperadvert?1. Attentionagoodadvertisementshouldattracttheconsumertodirecttheirattentiontothe
28、productofit.2. Interesttheintroductionandpublicityofanadvertisementshouldarouseconsumers'greatinterest.3. Desirethepublicityofadvertisingshouldstimulateconsumers'desiretobuytheproduct,andmakethemrealizethatthisproductisjustwhattheywant.4. Actiontheadvertisingmakesconsumertorespondtotheadvert
29、isinginformationandevokethemtotaketheactionofpurchasing.表不上升:climb,goup,ascend,shootup,creepup,surge,boom,accrue,leap,soar,jump,increase,rally,rise,rocket,improve,表示下降:godown,fall,falloff,drop,slump,decline,decrease,plummet,slide,slip,shrink,dip,reduce,descend,sink,subside,ebb,creepdown,到达顶部:topout,
30、peak,reachapeak,reachthehighestpoint,peakat.,触底:reachalowpoint,reachtherock.bottomout,hitatrough,稳定:levelout,evenout,remainstable/still/steady,stayconstant,keepitsstability,remainunchanged.变化急剧地:dramatically,drastically,sharply,hugely,enormously,considerably,significantly,markedly,surprisingly,notic
31、eably,substantially.突然地:abruptly,suddenly平稳地:steadily,smoothly,slowly,marginally,gradually,moderately,mildly.波动:fluctuate,witness/display/demonstrateafluctuation,goupsanddowns,increasewithfluctuation(波动式增长)PlanningABirthdayCelebrationTipsBirthdayCelebrations&FavoriteActivitiesPlanningabirthdayce
32、lebration?Somepeoplefocusbirthdaypartyideasaroundfavoriteactivities.Birthdaycelebrationsandbirthdaygiftideasmightcenteraroundgolf,withthegueststreatingtheguestofhonorto18holes.Birthdaycelebrations-evensurprisebirthdayparties-couldcenteraroundanotherfavoritesport-bowling.Agroupoffriendslookingforidea
33、sfor50thbirthdaysurprisepartymightconsidermeetingforadayofthehonoreefavoriteactivity.Activitybasedcelebrationsalsoeliminateanyissuesofwheretohostyourspecialcelebration.BirthdayParty:EarlyGuestsGuestsareexcitedaboutbirthdaycelebrations.Somemayarrivequiteearly,sowhenplanningabirthdaycelebration,makesu
34、reyouaredressedandready30minutesbeforethecelebrationbegins.Evenifitmeansallthesnacksmaynotbeoutandyou'restillponderingbirthdaypartydecorationideas.Earlyarrivalscanevenhelpwithgettingthingsready.ThemeHelpsBirthdayCelebrationsWhenthinkingaboutsurprisebirthdayinvitationsconsiderathemeparty.Thetheme
35、mightcenteraroundtheguestofhonorsfavoritesportoractivity,suchasgolf,bowlingorevenbasketballorfilmviewing.Onceyouchooseatheme,invitations,food,decorationsandbirthdaygiftideascanrevolvearoundit.Themesmakeplanningbirthdaycelebrationseasier.BirthdayGiftIdeas:CharitableDonationSomepeoplehavedifficultycom
36、ingupwithwomen'sbirthdaygiftideas.Birthdayideasaremadeeasierifyouconsideradonationtothebirthdaygirlsfavoritecharity.Sometimesbirthdayinvitationshaveacharitysnamelistedin'lieuofpersonalgifts.Ifitdoes,youcancometothepartydonationcheckinhand.Ifnot,youcanlearnthecharitysnameahdcontactitdirectly.
37、SayHappyBirthdaytoYouwithaMini-QuizLookingforsomesweet16birthdaypartyideas?Creatamini-quizforparty-goerscenteredonthebirthdaygirl.Askquestionslike"Howmanybrothersdoesshehave,wherewassheborn,what'sherfavoritesportorfavoritecolor".Thebestgameideasforateenagebirthdaypartyfocusontheguestof
38、honor,herlikesanddislikes.优缺点AlthoughTDCScansolvesoimportantproblemsincommunication,therearealotofworkswehavetodealwith.OnecoinhastwosidesWhatisimportantwhensettingupyourownbusiness?Ithinktherearethreepointsmusttakeinourconsideration,theyareenoughfundsupport,determinationandaprofoundmarketsurvey.The
39、firstmythtoexplodeaboutrunningyourownbusinessisthenotionthattostartanybusinessrequiresalotofmoney.Butmostonlyrequireaverymodestinitialinvestment,andsomerequirevirtuallynomoneyatalltostartthemoff!Secondly,theessenceofrunningyourownbusinesswithsuccessisamatterofgoodplanning.Itisastrategicplanningphilosophywhichworksbest,asseenintheDirectDriveidea.Youplanwhatyou'regoingtodo,workoutwhatkindsofthingsmightgowrong,youarelikelytobea
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