2015动词的三种变化形式

1、英语动词4种时态及动词的变化:1、一般现在时：表示现在的特征或状态，表示经常性或习惯性的动作，表示普遍真理。用动词原形表示，第三人称单数后，动词要变成第三人称单数形式。（见表）常与表示频度的副词always （总是）often （经常）usually（通常）sometimes （有时） never （从不）连用。I often get up at 7:00.He often gets up at 7:30.动词第三人称的变化1、大多数动词在词尾加Sstop stop s make makes play play s2、以辅音字母加y结尾的，要先将y变为i ,然后在加esfl y fl ies

2、carr y carr ies stud y stud ies3、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的，在词尾加 estea ch teach es wat ch watch eswash washes4、以。结尾的动词，力口 esgo goes do doeshave-has 是特例练习：写由下例动词的第三人称单数形式watchdocrywashgoflyhavestoptrybestudybuyfeelhavesaylookrunplaygetwantread2、现在进行时：表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作常与now、look、listen等词连用。表示形式：be(am / is / are)+

3、 动词ingWhat are you do ing ? I amread ing a book.What is he do ing ? He is sing ing .动词现在分词构成规则：一般的直接在后面加上ingdo-do ing go-go ing work-work ing以不发音字母e结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing，如hav e_havingwrite_writ ing mak e_makng双写最后一个字母再加ingstop_stop ping skip_skip ping shop_shopping swim_swimming forget forget tingsit_ sit

4、tinghop_hoppinghit_hittingrun_runningtravel_travellingget_ gettingcut_cut tingput_puttingjog_jog gingspit_spittingWhat's Anne doing?安在做什么？She s skip ping.她在跳绳。What are they doing?他们在做什么？They are play ing basketball.他们在打篮球。What's your hobby?你的爱好是什么？My hobby is tak ing photos.我的爱好是摄影。I like sw

5、im ming.我喜欢游泳。Planting trees is good for us.练习：写由下例动词的现在分词形式原形现在分词原形现在分词jumpswimwalkcyclecookmakeplaywriteflydrivewashcooklookwatchputreadskipgetdrawdancehavelistendrinktalkspitbrushsweepsleepskipsitbegingetputjogdorun3、一般将来时：常与表示将来的时间连用， 如：tomorrow , next week , next year 等，表示将要发生的动作或情况。三种形式：shall

6、+动词原形（shall只能用于第一人称I、we） will + 动词原形（will 用于所有人称） be going to +动词原形/地点（表示才T算干什么 /准备去某 地）114、What are you going to do tomorrow ?I ' m going to ride a horse.What will you do next Sunday ?I will go shopping.Shall we go to the beach? Ok! Let ' s go.般过去时：经常与表示过去的时间连用,如：yesterday ,last night , lon

7、g long ago 等,表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。动词要用动词的过去式。如:Who was first?Ken was first.Where were you yesterday?I was at home.What did you do yesterday?I went to school动词的过去式What did you do?你们做了什么? We took pictures.我们拍了照。What did you do during the holiday假期期间你做了什么？I wrote a little storybook.我写了一本小故事。1、动词原形与特殊过去式原形过去式

8、原形过去式原形过去式am/iswasgetgotgivegavearewereletletrunrandodidputputsingsangcomecamereadreadsitsatgowenttelltoldbeginbeganseesawmakemadedrinkdrankeatatemeetmetknowknewwritewrotecancouldteachtaughtsitsathavehadbuyboughtsaysaidhearheardbringbroughttaketookfeelfeltthinkthoughtstandstoodflyflewfindfound2、动词原形

9、和规则动词过去式的变化一般直接在动词的后面 加edwork- workedlearn-learnedclean- cleaned以e结尾的动词直接加dlive- liveddance- dance duse- use d 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加edstud y - stud ied carr y - carr ied worry - worr ied（注意play,stay 不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类）jog jog ged双写最后一个字母再加edstop - stop ped travel - travel led练习：把下例动词的过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式a

10、nswerclosetrycleandanceflystopwalktalklivejumpcallaskcooklikedlistenlookplaystudytraveltravelledtrywatchwantworkdogohaveseeis/amarecomeeatread形容词比较级的用法常见句式：1. A + be + 形容词 比较级 + than + B意思为“ A比B更”如：This tree is (a little)tall er than that one.这棵树比那棵树高(一点儿)。My ruler is (much) long er t han yours.我的尺子

11、比你的尺子长（得多）。注意：在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同类事 物之间的比较。very, quite , too , enough一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。2. “become+形容词比较级+ and +形容词比较级”是“变得越来 越”的意思，and连接同一个形容词的比较级。如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.Our school is becoming more and more beautiful .我们的学校变得越来越美丽。形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较

12、，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three,in our class 等等。如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。Fairy Tale is the most interesting of all.注意：形容词最高级前一定要有定冠词the.形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则一、单音节比较级和最高级的构成规则1 . 一般情况下，比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est ；smallsmall ersmall estshortshort ershort est2 .在重读闭音节（即：辅音+元音+辅音）中，先双写

13、末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;big big ger biggesthot hotter hottest3 .以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st ;largelarge r large stnicenice r nice st4 .以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i ,比较级加-er, 最高级力口- est ;ea syeasier easiesthea vy heavier heaviest二、多音节词比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most； beautiful more beautiful most beautifu

14、ldifferent more different most different三、不规则变化good/wellbetter- bestbad/ill worse worstmany/much moremost little/few less least练习写由下例单音节形容词比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级strongbigtallfatshortthinsmallhoteasyearlycheaplatelongniceyounghappythickdirtynewold多音节形容词比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级tiredmore tiredmost tiredinteres

15、tingdifficultdeliciousbeautifulcarefulexpensivelovely三、用适当形式填空：1. Bob is ( young ) than Fred. but (tall) than Fred.2. Which is (heavy), a duck or a chicken?3. Jane is much (short) than Sally. She is also the (short) girl in the class .4. Annie says Sally is the (kind) person in the world .5. He is o

16、ne of the(friendly) people in the class , I think.6. A dictionary is much (expensive) than a story-book.7. An orange is a little (big) than an apple, but much(small) than a watermelon.8. The Changjiang River is the (long) river in China.9. Sue is(beautiful) than her sister.10. - Annie plays the pian

17、o very (well).-Sue plays it(well) than Annie.-And Sally plays it the (well).11. Saturday is my (busy) day in a week .12. Her mother is getting (fat) and (fat).13. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a (cheap) one.14. He comes to school much(early) than I.15. Most of the students think a l

18、ion is much (dangerous) than a bear and it is (dangerous) animal in the world .16. It is much(hot) today than yesterday.人称代词与物主代词一、人称代词Whose key is this? Is this your key ?这是谁的钥匙?No ,it ' s not mine.不是我的。我你他她它我们他们Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthem物主代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsourthe

19、ir名词性mineyour shishersitsourstheir s二、反身代词myself我自己yourself你自己 himself他自己themselves他们 自 己练习一、根据要求变化We （宾格）She （宾格）it （宾格）ourselves我们自己 yourselves 你们 自 己 herself她自己its theirmy itself它自己（名词性物主代词）（名词性物主代词）（名词性物主代词）him （主格）they （形容词性物主代词） them （主格）he （ 形容词性物主代词） you （主格） our（ 反身代词）二.选择。()1.I am son.A. t

20、hey B. their C. them()2. This is not desk.is over there.A. I Mine B. my Mine C. mine my()3. What' s name?name is Lucy.A. you My B. your My C. yours My()4. Tomand Jack are brothers. This is room.A. they B. them C. their()5. We are in the same class.classroom isvery nice.A. Our B. My C. Ours()6. M

21、rs Green is my teacher. I ' m student.A. he B. his C. him()7. That ' s a is Mimi.A. ItB. It ' s C. Its()8.This cup is. That is.A.me you B. My your C.mine yours()9.This is pen.is over there.A.my Your B.me You C.my Yours()10.Do you like skirt?A.mine B. my C. me( )11. My parents ar

22、e going to taketo MountTianzi this summer holidayA. my B. me C. mine( )12. This morning Diana invited (邀请)tobirthday party.A. I; her B. I; hersC. me; her D me; hers25( )13.- Is thisyour sister s purse (钱包), John?No, it isn t. is in the bag.A. She B. Her C. Herself D. Hers( )14. Bob! Is this your dic

23、tionary? No, it isn t. Ask Sally. She is lookingforA. his B. hers C. mine D. yours( )15. Miss Li is English teacher. She teachesEnglish very well.A. us, we B. our, we C. we, us D. our, us( )16. Tomand Jenny are in the sameschool. And like sports very much.A. They B. themC. their D. theirs( )17.-Are

24、these your brother s books?-Yes, are.A this B that C these D they()18. This is Kate. She ' s sister.A.me B. I C. my D. you()19. This is my good is Linda.A. She B. He C. She' s D. Her()20.-What time is it now ?一 eight o' clock .A. It B. Its C. It' s D. Is名词一.名词的定义：1.名词分为专有

25、名词和普通名词。专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写，前面不加定冠词the普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词二.可数名词和不可数名词：1 .定义:一般来说，个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词、 物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。2 .可数名词的数：可数名词有单数、复数之分a bird- two bird s a teacher- five teacher san apple-eight apple s.3 .可数名词复数的变化规则.A 一般情况下，在单数名词的后面力口-S构成。game-games boy-boy sB、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数，在词尾 加-es构

26、成。bo x-boxes bu s-bus espea ch-peach es di sh-dish es。D以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数，将y改成i后再加 -es。factor y-factor ies famil y-famil iesE、以f或fe结尾的单数名词变复数，将 f或fe改成v,然后 再力口 -es。lea f -lea ves li fe -li ves kni fe -kni ves 等。F、名词单数变复数，不规则变化。特殊变化单复、复数一致footfeetmanmendeerdeertoothteethwomanwomensheepsheepgoosegeesemo

27、usemicefruitfruitchildchildrenfishfish练习：把下例可数名词单数变复数单数复数单数复数单数复数applecargirlbeachboxdishfamilycountrystoryglasspeachpotatodeskwatchtomatocolourclassbrushtrainbustoycakefoxboyseedcitykeybookladyplaychildwomansheepfoottoothdeer4 .不可数名词量的表示不可数名词可采用这种方法表数量：a+单位+of+不可数名词，表示全上时，将单位变成复数 即可如：a cup of tea3

28、cup s of teaa box of milk12 box es of milka piece of paper100 piece s of papera can of Coke-a few can s of Cokea bar of chocolate-a few bar s of chocolatea bottle of juice-two bottles of juice三.名词所有格1 .表示人或物所属关系。如：奶奶的房子 grandma's house2 .名词所有格的构成有以下规则：A、在名词的末尾加's构成。如：Mike's bike 迈克的自行车,

29、Ton's books汤姆的书.B、以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在其末尾加”如：my parent s' car 我父母的车, our teacher s' books我们老师的书。C、没有生命的东西的所有格，我们通常用“ of+名词”的方式来表7K 0如：the window of the classroom 教室的窗户;the capital of China 中国的首都； the weather of Shanghai 上海的天气.名词的练习题一、用正确的名词形式填空1、Lily and Lucy are my(classmate).2、There are se

30、ven(sheep).3、My uncle has two(child).4、How many(subway)are there in ShenZhen?5、Can you give me two bottles of(water).6、I brush my(tooth)three times a day.7、I have two(cup)of coffee for breakfast.8、The(leaf)turn green in spring.9、There are some(policeman)in the police station.10、The green sweater is

31、his(brother).七、选择正确的词填空1、Those(birdbirds) are very beautiful.2、Those hamburgers are(TomTom's).3、Nina is at(grandma'sgrandma) home.She went there yesterday.4、We have 16 new(lightlights).5、(The classroom's doorThe classroom)is broken6、My friend Edward has three(childchildren).7、Do you like

32、 eating(ricerices)?8、There are 4(teacups of tea)on the desk.9、How many(wolfswolves)are there?10、I like(chickenchickens)better than pork?There be 句型复习（一）There be 句型的用法：表示某个地方存在某物或某人，Be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。区别 : 表达一个人拥有某样东西时则用have/has,如 : 我有一张桌子。I have a table.There be 句型的结构：书桌上有一把尺。瓶子里有一些水。There is + 第三人

33、称单数可数/不可数 主语 + 地点状语There is a ruler on the desk.There is some water in the bottle.There are + 复数主语+ 地点状语There are four apple s on the tree. 树上有四个苹果。There are many flower s in the park. 公园里有许多花。补充：There is+ 第三人称单数可数+V-ing+ 地点状语There is a bird singing in the tree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。There is a baby sleeping in

34、 the room.房间里有一个宝宝正在睡觉There are + 复数主语+V-ing + 地点状语 例：There are some birds singing in the tree.树上有一些鸟正在唱歌。There are two boys running on the street.街上有两个男孩正在奔跑。There be句型的疑问句及回答（二）一、There be句型的疑问Is / Are there? 难点：句中出现的some要改成any。1 .肯定回答为：Yes, there is/are.2 .否定回答为：No, there isn ' t/aren ' t.列如：1. There is an apple on the tree.Is there an apple on the tree?肯定回答：Yes, there is .否定回答：No, there isn ' t.2. T