牛津译林版5A英语复习资料——语法整理(2024085735)

1、5A 英语复习资料语法整理1. There be 句型表示“某处有某物 1其中 there is用于单数名词或不可数名词，如：There is a pencil case in the school bag.There is some soup/milk /tea/coffee/juice/water/chocolate. 2 There are 用于可数名词的复数，如：There are some desks in the classroom.3There be句型的就近原那么：be动词后面如果跟的是不止一种物品，就根据离它最近的物品选用 is 或 are. 如：There are some

2、 pictures and a telephone.There is a telephone and some pictures.2. There be句型的否认形式：在be动词的后面加notis not可以缩写为isn't ，are not可以缩写为 aren't 把 some 改成 any。 例： 1 There is a pencil in the pencil-box.改为否认句There isn't a pencil in the pencil-box. 2 There are some crayons on the desk. 改为否认句 There are

3、n't any crayons on the desk.3. There be的一般疑问句,是将be动词提前到there的前面，表示“某处有？1 Is there.?Yes, there is ./ No, there isn't .例： Is there a music room ?2 Are there any.?Yes, there are./ No, there aren't.例： Are there any books?4. some和“ any都有“一些的意思.“some 一般用于肯定句，“any用于否认句 和一般疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求，想得到对方肯定

4、答复的疑问句中，也“some .例： are some watermelons in the basket.(2. There aren't any birds in the tree.(3. Are there any toy trains on the table?(4. Would you like some tea? 表委婉请求 5. How many.+ 可数名词复数 are there.? 用于询问某处有多少 . 例： How many classrooms are there in our school?6. can在否认句中的用法：表示某人不能做某事时，通常在can后面

5、加否认词not,后面加 动词原形。如：Bobby can' t或写成 cannotsee any cakes in the fridge.6.感慨句的结构：感慨句常用 how或what来引导 1 what 引导的感慨句a. What+a/an+ 形容词+可数名词单数！ What a beautiful house!+ 形容词 +可数名词复数！ What nice dresses!c. What+ 形容词 +不可数名词！What delicious milk!2how引导的感慨句How形容词/副词！How nice!7. have / has 的用法(1) . 表示某人有某物。(2) .

6、 主语是第一、第二人称单数和复数时用have, 如 I ，you, we, they, the students主语是第三人称单数时用 has, 如 he, she, it, Helen, the bird, my father(3) .肯定句：have / has We have a PE lesson on Monday morning./ It has along tail.(4) 否认句： don't / doesn 't +have They don't have animal friends./She doesn't have a dog.(5)一般

7、疑冋句：Do/ DoeshaveYes, - do / does.No, don't/ doesn 't.Doyou have a football?Yes,I do./ No,I don 't.Does he have a toycar?Yes, hedoes./No, he doesn 't.8. 询问别人喜欢干某事， What do/ does like doing ?喜欢干某事 like doing sth,doing 表示喜欢经常做一件事。主语是第三人称单数时注意 like 后面加 s, 就是 likes不喜欢干某事 don't/ doesn

8、't like doing sth询问别人是否喜欢干某事吗？即一般疑问句形式：Do/Doeslike doing sth?女口：Do you like wearing yellow skirt?Yes,I do./No,I don't.Does he like dancing? Yes,he does./No,he doesn 't.9. 动名词的变化规律：a. 一般情况下在动词后面加 ing. 如 going, reading, drawing, playing b. 以不发音的字母 e结尾的动词，去 e再加ing.女口 dancing, makingc. 以“元音

9、+辅音结尾的重读闭音节单词，先双写辅音字母再加ing. 如 swimming,running, getting, putting 10. 如何询问他人的职业或身份(1)What do /does do ?第一个do是助动词，根据所问的人称进行变化。当问you,they时用do,当问he, she, yourfather 等用 does.答复是：I am a / an + 职业farmer, teacher, doctor. He / She/my father is a / an + 职业farmer, teacher, doctor. They are+ 职业名词复数farmers, tea

10、chers, doctors. 例如：What does your father do? He is a doctor. 你爸爸做什么的？他是一个医生。What do you do ？I am a cook.*还可以这么问他人的职业： (1)What is + 某人？你爸爸做什么的 ?What is your father? What' s somebody' s job?What' s your father ' s job? 你爸爸做什么的？Wha' s your job?你是做什么的？ I am an English teacher.我是一个英语老

11、师.11. 动词在第三人称单数形式的变化规那么1一般情况下，直接在动词的词尾加 -s。 run - runslook - looks see-sees say -says2以-s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o结尾的动词，一般在词尾-es. teach-teachesgo-goesfix-fixeswash-washes pass-passes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先边y为i,再加-es. study-studiestry- tries以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接在词尾加-s。 play-playsstay-stays注意：go三单 goeshave三单 has do 三单 doe

12、sDoes he / she？主语为第三人称单数，用does其结构为：Does +主语+谓语动词+其他?13.关于does的特殊疑问句What subjects does like? 特殊疑问句这个句子用来询问他人喜欢什么科目的疑问句。用 于第三人称单数，在本句中用助动词does。注意答复时like后面要加s。 do / does:助动词，由主语的人称数而定.主语是第三人称单数时，用does,主语是第一人 称、第二人称、第三人称复数时，用do.答句：如果主语是第三人称单数，那么要用动词三单形式；主语是第一人称、第二人称、第三 人称复数时用动词原形。15、 掌握副词first, n ext, t

13、he n, fin ally的用法，它们都是表示时间的副词，用来说明事 情发生的先后顺序。它们一般放在句首或句末。16、have的用法has是have的三单形式，由主语决定1棵大圣诞树。2们在圣诞节吃一顿丰富的晚餐。3表示“吃；喝：have+食品或饮料。如：Have some juice, please.请喝些果汁。4表示：“进行；举行：have+表示某种活动的名称。如：们有时举行野餐。17. Wha' s wrong with him ?他怎么了？18. be good at, 擅长某事，be good at doi ng sth擅长做某事女口： I am good at footb

14、all.I am good at draw ing.be good at 和do sth well 之间的句型变换女口： He is good at playing basketball.同义句He can play basketball well.19. be的用法口诀我用am你用are，is连着他，她，它；单数名词用 is ，复数名词全用 are 。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 变否认，更容易， be 后 not 莫忘记。 疑问否认任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。20. 动词 do 用法口诀 实动表示“做和干 , 现在时态看“单三 简略答语可用 do, 代替“上述免重复 .Don't