生化英文单词汇总

1、生化英文单词汇总生化单词第一章蛋白质结构和功能Protein蛋白质Aminoacid氨基酸Myoglobin肌红蛋白Hemoglobin血红蛋白2.3- Bisphosphoglycerate2,3-二磷酸甘油酸proteinphysical-chemicalproperties蛋白理化性质Priondisease肮蛋白病Scurvy坏血病Methemoglobinemia高铁血红蛋白病Enzymes酶Catalysis催化作用Chiral手性Aminogroup氨基Carboxylicacidgroup竣基Zwitterion两性Protonation质子化isoelectricpoint等

2、电点Ionizable可解离的Homeostatsis稳态Polar极性uncharged不带电的charged带点的acidic酸性的basic碱性的non-polar非极性hydrophilic亲水的hydrophobic疏水的aromaticAA芳香氨基酸hydroxylgroup羟基sulfur-containingAAs含硫氨基酸amide酰胺iminoacid亚氨基酸polypeptidebackbone多肽骨架EssentialAminoAcids必需氨基酸Monomer单体Polymer聚合物multi-subunit多亚基Primarystructure一级结构Seconda

3、rystructure二级结构Tertiarystructure三级结构Quanternarystructure四级结构hydrogenbond氢键PeptideBonds肽键condensationreaction缩合反响Polypeptide多肽alphahelixa螺旋beta-sheetbeta折叠betaturnbeta转角Right-handedhelix右手螺旋Isomers异构体MotifT模体fibrousproteins纤维状蛋白globularproteins球形蛋白Intermediatefilaments中间丝蛋白cytoskeleton骨架Keratin角蛋白Ext

4、racellularmatrix细胞外基质Collagen胶原蛋白Elastin弹性蛋白Tendons肌腱Cartilage软骨Silkfibroin丝蛋白Cornea角膜prolylhydroxylase脯氨酸羟化酶a-ketoglutaratea-酮戊二酸ascorbate抗坏血酸Antiparallel反平行Domain功能域HemeGroup血红素基团Ferricion(Fe3+)高铁Ferrousion(Fe2+)亚铁Porphyrin口卜咻.Nitrogen氮Hyperbolic抛物线的deoxyhemoglobin脱氧血红蛋白oxyhemoglobin氧合血红蛋白Conforma

5、tional构象Subunit亚基cooperativebinding协同结合sigmoidal双曲线的Allostery变构作用heterotropiceffect异促效应homotropiceffect同促效应Hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进phosphoglyceratemutase(PGM)磷酸甘油变位酶erythrocytes红细胞Irondeficiencyanemia缺铁性贫血Chronicrespiratorydisease慢性呼吸系统疾病Hypoxia低氧pulmonaryedema肺水月中Antibodie抗体(immunoglobulins免疫球蛋白Bacte

6、ria细菌Virus病毒Pollen花粉Antigen抗原disulfidebonds二硫键SickleCellAnemia镰刀红细胞贫血Homozygous纯合的Autosomalaccessive常染色体隐性Denaturation变性Renaturation复性Alcohol乙醇Chloroform氯仿Urea尿素Curdle凝乳Perminghair烫发Ribonuclease核糖核酸酶i2-mercaptoethanol二琉基乙醇Ultrafiltration超滤Ultracentrifugation超速离心、Electrophoresis电泳ionexchangechromatog

7、raphy离子交换层析chromatography层析UVabsorption紫外吸收Dyebinding染料结合Dialysis:透析semipermeablemembrane半透膜Sedimentationcoefficient,S沉降系数第二章核酸结构和功能NucleicAcids核酸Nucleotide核甘酸Nuclease核酸酶NitrogenousBases含氮碱Nucleosides核昔NucleosidePhosphates磷酸核甘Polynucleotides多核甘酸Pyrimidine口密噬Cytosine胞喀呢Uracil尿喀呢Thymine胸腺口密呢Purine喋吟Ad

8、enine腺喋吟Guanine鸟喋吟Derivatives衍生物D-riboseD-核糖2-deoxy-D-ribose2-脱氧-D-核糖Pentoses戊糖glycosidicbond糖昔键anomeric异头碳triphosphates三磷酸glycogen糖原phosphodiesterbond磷酸二酯键Ribonucleicacid核糖核酸deoxyribonucleicacid脱氧核糖核酸Basepairs碱基对Canonical经典的majorgroove大沟minorgroove小沟Supercoil超螺旋Cruciform十字形duplexhelix双螺旋Negativesup

9、ercoiling负超螺旋palindromicregions回文区域nucleosome核小体Chromatin染色质nucleoproteincomplex和蛋白复合体histones组蛋白Diameter直径Eukaryotic真核的Transcription转录Prokaryotes原核细胞Polycistron多顺反子Eukaryote真核细胞Monocistron单顺贩子Intron内含子Exon外显子Splicing剪接Ribosome核糖体peptidyltransferase肽酰转移酶cytosol细胞浆Ribozyme核酶hyperchromic增色的Stackedbase

10、pairs碱基堆积innativeDNAabsorblesslightHydrolysis水解Carcinogenesis致癌arylhydrocarbons芳香建Smokedandgrilledfoods烟熏和烧烤食物alkylate烷基化第三章脂质代谢Amphipathic同时具有亲水和厌水局部的,两性分子的Triacrylglycerol(TAG)/Triglyceride(TG)三脂酰甘油/甘油三酯Phospholipids(PL)磷月旨Glycolipids(GL)糖脂Cholesterol(CHOL)胆固醇Cholesterolester(CE)胆固醇酯carboxylicacid

11、竣酸Saturated/unsaturated饱和的/不饱和的Margarine人造黄油、人造奶油Palmiticacid软脂酸；棕植I酸,十六(烷)酸Stearicacid硬月旨酸,十/I酸Linoleicacid亚油酸,罂酸a-Linolenicacida-亚麻酸Arachidonicacid花生四烯酸Eicosapentaenoicacid(EPA)二十五碳五烯酸Docosahexaenoicacid(DHA)二十二碳六烯酸EssentialFattyAcids(EFA)必需脂肪酸Glycerol甘油Phosphatidylcholine磷脂酰胆碱、卵磷脂Phosphatidyletha

12、nolamine磷脂酰乙醇胺、脑磷脂cardiolipin一种磷脂,亦称双磷脂酰甘油.Sphingolipids鞘月旨Sphingosine鞘氨醇sphingoidbases鞘氨醇碱steroidhormones类固醇激素adipocytes月旨肪细胞Emulsion孚L化Hydrophilic亲水Hydrophobic亲月旨lipase脂肪酶Colipase辅脂酶Fatmobilization月旨肪发动Lipolysis月旨解hormone-sensitivetriacylglycerollipase(HSL)激素敏感性脂肪酶Glucagons胰高血糖素Adrenocorticotropic

13、hormone(ATCH)促肾上腺皮质激素Epinephrine肾上腺素Norepinephrine去甲肾上腺素Insulin胰岛素Beta-Oxidation0-氧化作用acetyl-CoA乙酰辅酶AAcyl-CoAsynthetase酰基辅酶A合成酶acyl-CoAester酰基辅酶A酯Malonyl-CoA内二酰辅酶A;carnitine肉碱acylcarnitines酰基肉碱CarnitineacyltransferaseI肉碱脂酰转移酶Icarbonylgroup谈基Dehydrogenation脱氢作用Hypoglycin次甘氨酸enoylCoA烯酰辅酶AHydration水化；水

14、合,水合作用BhydroxyacylCoA0-羟脂酰CoAThiolysis硫解Thioester硫酯Enolate烯醇化物propionyl-CoA丙酰辅酶aKetonebodies酮体Acetone丙酮acetoacetate乙酰乙酸B-hydroxybutyrate0-羟丁酸acetoacetyl-CoA乙酰乙酰辅酶A3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A(HMGCoA)SuccinylCoAtranssulfurase琥珀酰辅酶A转硫酶Ketonemia酮血症Ketoacidosis酮症酸中毒Malonyl-CoA内二酰辅酶AMalate苹果

15、酸盐KS:B-ketoacyl-ACPsynthase酮月旨酰合酶MT:malonyl-transacylase内二酰基转移酶KR:B-ketobutyryl-ACPreductase酮脂酰复原酶DH:B-hydroxybutyryl-ACPdehydratase脱水酶ER:enoyl-ACPreductase烯脂酰复原酶AT:acetyl-CoA-ACPtransacetylase乙酰基转移酶TE:acyl-CoAthioesterase硫月旨酶Monoacylglycerol(MG)pathway甘油一酯途径Diacylglycerol(DG)pathway甘油二酯途径Lysophosph

16、atidate溶血磷月旨Glycerophospholipid甘油磷月旨phospholipase(PLA)磷脂酶Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine二棕植I酰磷脂酰胆碱Sphingomyelin鞘磷月旨Ceramide神经酰胺Multiplesclerosis多发性硬化cholelithiasis胆结石GallBladder胆囊Sitosterol谷番醇B-sitosterol谷固醇B-ergosterol麦角固醇aerobic有氧的anaerobic无氧的Mevalonate甲羟戊酸Squalene鲨烯,三十碳六烯(角)Thyroxine甲状腺素Lecithinch

17、olesterolacyltransferase卵磷月旨胆固醇酰基转移酶pregnenolone孕烯醇酮progesterone孕酮,testosterone睾酮aldosterone醛固酮calcitriol骨化三醇coronary冠状动脉的lovastatin洛伐他汀(HMG-CoA复原酶抑制剂)Lipoproteins月旨蛋白CM(chylomicron)乳糜微粒VLDL:Very-low-densitylipoproteins极低密度脂蛋白IDL:Intermediate-densitylipoproteins中间密度脂蛋白LDL:Low-densitylipoproteins低密度脂

18、蛋白HDL:High-densitylipoproteins高密度脂蛋白Apolipoprotein载月旨蛋白第四章生物氧化BiologicalOxidation生物氧化Mitochondrion线粒体electrontransferchain(ETC)电子传递链Respiratorychain呼吸链Ubiquinone(CoenzymeQ,CoQ,Q)泛酶(辅酶Q)Cytochrome细胞色素prostheticgroup辅基Flavoprotein黄素蛋白flavinmononucleotide(FMN)黄素单核甘酸flavinadeninedinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺喋吟二核

19、甘酸iron-sulphurprotein铁硫蛋白iron-sulfurclusters铁硫簇Nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide(NAD)烟酰胺腺喋吟二核甘酸(辅酶I)nicotinamideadeninedinucleotidephosphate磷酸烟酰胺腺喋吟二核甘酸(辅酶II)isoalloxazine异咯嗪heme亚铁血红素lipoate硫辛酸Oxidativephosphorylation氧化磷酸化Substratelevelphosphorylation底物水平磷酸化Chemiosmotictheory化学渗透理论ATPsynthaseATP合成酶Unc

20、ouplingprotein解偶联蛋白Thermogenin增温素2.4- dinitrophenol(DNP)2,4-二硝基苯酚(DNP)OligomycinA寡霉素Aa-glycerophosphateshuttlea-磷酸甘油穿梭malate-aspartateshuttle苹果酸-大冬氨酸穿梭,也称为苹果酸穿梭第五章氨基酸代谢一、蛋白质的营养价值营养价值:nutritionvalue营养必需氨基酸:nutritionallyessentialaminoacid营养非必需氨基酸:nutritionallynonessentialaminoacid营养半必需氨基酸:nutritionall

21、ysemiessentialaminoacid氨基酸模式:aminoacidpattern,AAP氮平衡:nitrogenbalance零氮平衡:zeronitrogenbalance正氮平衡:positivenitrogenbalance负氮平衡:negativenitrogenbalance蛋白质缺乏综合症：kwashiorkor消瘦:marasmus二、体内氨基酸的来源内肽酶:endopeptidase外肽酶:exopeptidase氨基肽酶:aminopeptidase竣基肽酶:carboxylpeptidase胃蛋白酶：pepsin肠激酶:enterokinase胰蛋白酶：tryps

22、in糜蛋白酶:chymotrypsin弹性蛋白酶：elastase自身激活:autocatalysis寡肽酶:oligopeptidase二肽酶:dipeptidase氨基酸代谢池:aminoacidmetabolicpool丫-谷氨酰循环：丫-glutamylcycle腐败作用：putrefaction胺类:amine酪胺:tyramine苯乙胺:phenylethylamine彳贸神经递质:falseneurotransmitter氨：ammonia尿素:urea尿素肠肝循环:ureaenterohepaticcircle半寿期：halflife泛素：ubiquitin,Ub泛素活化酶：u

23、biqutinactivatingenzyme泛素载体蛋白:ubiquitincarrierprotein泛素-蛋白连接酶：ubiquitinproteinligase泛素化：ubiquitination蛋白酶体：proteasome谷氨酸脱氢酶：glutamatedehydrogenase谷氨酰胺合成酶：glutaminesynthetase天冬酰胺合成酶：asparaginesynthetase月旦碱：choline乙醛酸：glyoxylate同型半胱氨酸：homocysteine胱硫醴6合酶：cystathionineBsynthase苯丙氨酸羟化酶：phenylalaninehydro

24、xylase生物喋吟：biopterin二氢生物蝶吟复原酶：dihydrobiopterindehydrogenase三、氨基酸分解代谢转氨基:transamination转氨酶：transaminase(aminotransferase)丙氨酸转氨酶：alaninetransaminase(ALT);glutamicpyruvictransminase(GPT)天冬氨酸转氨酶：aspatatetransaminase(AST);glutamicoxaloacetictransaminase(GOT)磷酸比哆醛：pyridoxalphosphate,PLP联合脱氨基(转氨脱氨作用)：trans

25、deamination喋吟核甘酸循环：purinenucleotidecycle氨基酸氧化酶：aminoacidoxidase丙氨酸葡萄糖循环：alanineglucosecycle鸟氨酸循环,尿素循环：ornithinecycle;ureacycle;krebs-henseleitcycle.氨甲酰磷酸合成酶I:carbamoylphosphatesynthetaseIN-乙酰谷氨酸：N-acetylglutamate鸟氨酸氨甲酰转移酶：ornithinecarbamoyltransferase;ornithinetranscarbamoylase.精氨酸代琥珀酸合成酶：argininosu

26、ccinatesynthetase(ASS)精氨酸代琥珀酸裂解酶：argininosuccinatelyase(ASl)精氨酸酶：arginase一氧化氮合酶：nitricoxidesynthase(NOS)高氨血症：hyperammonemia四、氨基酸的分类代谢脱竣酶：decarboxylase脱竣基作用：decarboxylation丫氨基丁酸：y-aminobutyrate牛磺酸：taurine组胺：histamine5-羟色月安:5-hydroxytryptamine褪黑激素：melatonin单胺氧化酶：monoamineoxidase多胺：polyamine腐胺,亚精胺,精胺：p

27、utrecine,spermidine,spermine一碳单位：onecarbonunit甲基,甲烯基,甲烘基,亚氨甲基,甲酰基：methylgroup,methylenegroup,methenylgroup,formiminogroup,formylgroup.四氢叶酸：tetrahydrofolicacid二氢叶酸复原酶：dihydrofolicacidreductase腺昔转移酶：adenosyltransferaseS-腺甘蛋氨酸：S-adenosylmethionine(SAM)同型半胱氨酸：homocysteine同型半胱氨酸血症：homocystinuriaPAPS:3

28、9;-phosphoadenosyl-5'-phosphasulfate肌酸：creatine肌酸激酶：creatinephosphokinase磷酸肌酸：creatinephosphate儿茶酚胺：catecholamine多巴：3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(dopa)多巴胺：dopamine肾上腺素：epinephrine去甲肾上腺素：norepinephrine黑色素：melanine尿黑酸：homogentisate尿黑酸症：alkaptonuria苯丙酮尿症：phenylketonuria(PKU)白化病：albinism第六章酶和维生素糖复合物酶和维

29、生素Enzyme酶Ribozyme核酶Alkaptonuria尿黑酸尿Homogentisateoxidase尿黑酸氧化酶Phospholipase磷月旨酶Prostheticgroup辅基Coenzyme辅酶Cofactor辅因子Metalloenzyme金属酶Metal-cativatedenzyme金属激活酶Monomericenzyme单体酶Oligomericenzyme寡聚酶Multifunctionalenzyme多功能酶Multienzymecomplex多酶复合体Essentialgroups必须基团Activesite活性中央Nomenclature命名法Systemiat

30、icname系统命名Commonname常用名Oxidoredcuctase氧化复原酶Transferase转移酶Hydrolase水解酶Lyase裂解酶Isomerase异构酶Ligase合成酶Isoenzyme同工酶Physiologicalsignificance生理学意义Thermodynamic热动力Catalyst催化剂Specificity特异性Allostericregulation变构调节Covalentmodification共价修饰transitionstate过渡态Induced-fitHypothesis诱导契合学说Activationenergy活化能Proximi

31、tyandorientationeffects令口近和定向NF歹！J效应Electrostaticeffects静电效应Acid-basecatalysis酸碱催化Covalentcatalysis共价催化Velocity速率Internationalunit国际单位Katal催量Specificactivity比活性Michaelisconstant米氏常数theaffinity亲和力Turnovernumber转换数Optimumtemperature最适温度Bell-shapedcurve钟形曲线Hyperbolic双曲线Double-reciprocalplot双倒数曲线irrever

32、sibleinhibition不可逆抑制reversibleinhibition可逆抑制organophosphorouscompounds有机磷酸化合物competitiveinhibition竞争性抑制non-competitiveinhibition非竞争性抑制uncompetitiveinhibition反竞争性抑制sulfanilamide磺胺类药物tetrahydrofolate四氢叶酸rate-limitingenzymes限速酶Allostericregulation变构调节Negativecooperativity正协同效应Positivecooperativity负协同效应

33、Aspartatetranscarbamylase大冬氨酸-转氨甲酰酶Covalentmodification共价修饰Methylation甲基化Acetylation乙酰化Adenylation腺甘酸化Zymogen酶原Proteolysis蛋白水解Autodigestion自消化Pathogenesis发病机理Phenylketonuria苯丙酮尿症Lipidsoluble脂溶性Liquidsoluble水溶性Beriberi脚气病Dermatophytosis脚气Riboflavin核黄素NicotinicAcid烟酸Retinol视黄醇Retinaldehyde视黄醛Retinoica

34、cid视黄酸B-caroteneB-胡萝卜素Cholecaciferol胆钙化醇Tocopherol生育酚Phylloquinone叶绿酿糖复合物Monosaccharide单糖Oligosaccharide寡糖Polysaccharide多糖Side-chain侧链Lysosome溶酶体Repertoire总、7匚N-glycosidicbond糖昔键Asn大冬酰胺Ser丝氨酸Thr苏氨酸Glutatransferase糖基转移酶Glycosidehydrolases糖甘水解酶Ribosome核糖体humanchorionicgonadotrophin人绒毛膜促性腺激素malignanttr

35、ansformation恶性转移ulcer溃疡H.pyloribacterium幽门螺旋杆菌Lectin凝集素Peroxisome过氧化物酶体Mitochondria线粒体endoplasmicreticulum内质网nucleus细胞核coreprotein核心蛋白Uronicacid糖醛酸Osamine糖胺Iduronicacid艾杜糖醛酸Glucuronicacid葡萄糖醛酸Anti-coagulation抗凝Lubricationaction润滑作用Cellularrecognition细胞识别Hydrophobic疏水的Hydrophilic亲水的Fattyacid脂肪酸Sphing

36、osine鞘氨醇Acyl-coenzymeA脂酰辅酶ACeramidegalactosyltransferase神经酰胺半乳糖基转移酶Cerebrosidesulfotransferase月而昔月旨磺基转移酶connectivetissue结蹄组织tendon肌腱ligament韧带cornea角膜cartilage软骨triplehelix三螺旋coiledcoil卷曲螺旋Anchoraging)甫定Monomer单体disufiedbond二硫键Homologous-repeatingdomain同源重复结构域swallowfunction吞噬功能Atherosclerotic动脉粥样硬化

37、Septicemia败血病Trimer三聚体第七章核甘酸代谢喋吟：purine腺喋吟：adenine鸟喋吟：guanine次黄喋吟：hypoxanthine黄喋吟：xanthine口密噬：pyrimidine胞口密噬：cytosine尿喀呢：uracil胸腺喀呢：thymidine核音：nucleoside核甘酸：nucleotide从头合成途径：denovopathway5磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸：5-phosphoribose-1-pyrophosphate(PRPP)磷酸核糖焦磷酸激酶：phosphoribosylpyrophosphokinase谷氨酰胺磷酸核糖焦磷酸酰胺转移酶：gluta

38、minePRPPamidotransferase腺甘酸代琥珀酸合成酶：adenylosuccinatesynthetase腺甘酸代琥珀酸裂解酶：adenylosuccinatelyase补救合成途径：salvagepathway腺喋吟磷酸核糖转移酶：adeninephosphoribosyltransferase次黄喋吟-鸟喋吟磷酸核糖转移酶：hypoxanthine-guaninephosphoribosyltransferase腺昔激酶：adenosinekinase核酸酶：nuclease核甘酸酶：nucleotidase核甘磷酸化酶：nucleotidephosphorylase脱氨酶

39、：deaminase尿酸：uricacid痛风：gout别喋吟醇：allopurinol严重联合免疫缺陷综合征：severecombinedimmunodeficiency(SCID)氨甲酰磷酸合成酶n:carbamoylphosphatetransferaseH天冬氨酸氨甲酰转移酶：aspartatetranscarbamoylase孚青酸：orotate嚅噬磷酸核糖转移酶：pyrimidininephosphoribosyltransferase尿昔激酶：uridinekinaseB-丙氨酸：B-alanineB-氨基异丁酸：B-aminoisobutyrate核糖核甘酸复原酶：ribon

40、ucleotidereductase硫氧还蛋白：thioredoxin硫氧还蛋白复原酶：thioredoxinreductase胸昔合酶：thymidylatesynthase胸音激酶：thymidylatekinase6-琉基喋吟：6-mercaptopurine(6-SH)氮杂丝氨酸：azaserine氨蝶吟：aminopterin氨甲蝶吟：methotrexate5-氟尿座呢:5-fluorouracil第八章血肝胆生化非蛋白氮：non-proteinnitrogen白蛋白(清蛋白)：albumin球蛋白：globulin2,3-BPG:2,3diphosphateglycerate血红

41、蛋白：hemoglobin口卜咻：porphyrin原口卜咻：protoporphyrin血红素：heme6-氨基丫-酮戊酸：6-aminolevulinicacid,ALAALA合酶：ALAsynthaseALA脱水酶：ALAdehydratase亚铁螯合酶：ferrochelatase高铁血红素：hematin促红细胞生成素：erythropoietin,EPO运铁蛋白：transferrin铁蛋白：ferritin生物转化：transformation氧化反响：oxidationreaction复原反响：reductionreaction水解反响：hydrolysisreaction结合

42、反响：conjugationreaction葡萄糖醛酸：glucuronicacid乙醇：ethanol乙醛：acetaldehyde乙酸：aceticacid脱氢酶：dehydrogenase胆汁酸：bileacid游离胆汁酸：freebileacid结合胆汁酸：conjugatedbileacid初级胆汁酸：primarybileacid次级胆汁酸：secondarybileacid胆酸：cholicacid鹅脱氧月旦酸：chenodeoxycholicaicd甘氨月旦酸：glycocholicacid牛黄胆酸：taurocholicacid甘氨鹅脱氧月旦酸：glyco-chenodeox

43、ycholicacid牛黄鹅脱氧月旦酸：tauro-chenodeoxycholicacid脱氧月旦酸：deoxycholicacid石胆酸:lithocholicacid7-a羟化酶：7-ahydroxylase胆汁酸的肠肝循环：enterohepaticcirculationofbileacid胆色素：bilepigment胆绿素：biliverdin胆红素：bilirubin胆素：bilin血红素加氧酶：hemeoxygenase,HO未结合胆红素(游离胆红素,间接胆红素)：unconjugatedbilirubin,indirectbilirubin.结合胆红素(直接胆红素)：conjugatedbilirubin,directbilirubin.UDP