英语构词法讲解及专项练习

1、构词法WordFormation在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。一、合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式：1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(-)连接。3.由两个分开的词构成(1)合成形容词方式例词1形容词+形容词red-hot2形容词+名词first-class,full-time,part-time3形容词+现在分词good-looking,free-thinking,4形容词+过去分词ready-made5形容词+名词-edgood-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded6名词+名词-ediron-willed7名词+形容词

2、:world-famous,day-long8名词+现在分词beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,9名词+过去分词man-made,water-covered,10副词+形容词ever-green11副词+现在分词一hard-working,far-seeing12副词+过去分词well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known13数词+名词five-year14数词+名词+形容词five-year-old15数词+名词-edfour-legged,six-storied(2)合成动词构成方式例词1名词+动词day-drea

3、m2副词+动词overcome,upturn翻起3形容词+动词white-wash(3)合成名词构成方式例词1名词+名词horseback,bank-note,newspaper,cellphone,2形容词+名词back-yard,forehead,3动名词+名词hidingplace,reading-room4动词+副词get-off,breakin,5副词+动词output,overflow(4)合成副词however,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever(5)合成代词whoever,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,somethi

4、ng,anything,二、派生Derivation前缀前缀含义例词a-处在arise,aside,aloneen-使口能enrich,enable,enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,disorder,disagreeun-不做相反动作unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,unclose,undress,uncover,untieinim-ir-il-不，非inactive,incapable,inpatient,incorrectimpossible,impersonal,impol

5、ite,immature,impracticalirregular,irresponsible川ogical,non-不，非nonexistent,non-interference,non-conductor,non-stopde-向相反方1可发展Decentralize；（分散），defrost（解冻）anti-反（对）anti-freeze,anti-fascistmis-错误的，坏的misdoings,misunderstand,misfortunere重复，再rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,co-共同co-exist,co-operate,co-educ

6、ationex以前的Ex-husband,ex-presidenttele远程telephone,telegraph,telescopesuper-在上面，超级supermarket,superpower,under-在之下underline,underestimate,underground,inter-相互，之间international,interact,inter-changesub-下，次subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,trans-过，穿过，变transformation（艾形），translatevice-副vice-pre

7、mier,vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal,semicircle,semi-automaticbi两个bicycle,biennial两年次的tri三个triangle二角形,tricycle二轮脚踏车,triplets二胞胎mul-多，多种multiply,multi-national,multi-colouredkilo-千kilometre,kilogram后缀后缀例词名词-erfarmer,weaver,pain-killer,murderer,villager,stranger,speaker,cooker,recorder,heater-essactres

8、s,waitress,princess,hostess-orconductor,sailor,transistor,operator,-arbeggar-eseChinese,Portuguese,Japanese-ianmusician,Egyptian,physician-istscientist,dentist,communist,socialist,-ent/-antassistant-mentargument,judgment,government-nesshappiness,greatness,illness,coldness,sleeplessness-tiondictation

9、,preparation,repetition,action,information,invention-ingbuilding,wedding,painting-shipleadership,friendship,hardship-ageshortage,marriage,leakage-tyloyalty,cruelty,penalty,sixty,twenty,thirty,certainty-thtruth,warmth,length,growth,fifteenth,fourth-anceacceptance,assistance,reliance,appearance-encede

10、pendence,confidence,reference,entrance,defence-fulmouthful,handful,plateful,-alrefusal,denial,arrival-ydifficulty,possibility,-domfreedom,wisdom,kingdom-ismsocialism,materialism注意：-ese,-ian,-ist既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。-er构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。后缀例词形容词-alcentral,industrial,national,natural-anEuropean,American,

11、Australian-erneastern,northern,southern-ablereasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible-fulcareful,cheerful,grateful,faithful,-ishchildish,Swedish,selfish-ivedestructive,collective,active,creative,effective-ythirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny-lesscareless,hop

12、eless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless-engolden,wooden,woolen-ouscourageous,famous,continuous,serious,various-aryimaginary,revolutionary,secondary-icrealistic,historic,poetic-sometroublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome-likechildlike,womanlike,manlike-antignorant,significant,observant,

13、important-entdiligent,silent,excellent,frequent-lylively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly-ishchildish,foolish；后缀例词动词-izerealize,modernize,mechanize,criticize,-enwiden,strengthen,lengthen,sharpen,widen,shorten,quicken,deepen-fySimplify,beautify,terrify,后缀例词副词-ward(s)forward,northward,backwar

14、d,downward-lyslowly,quickly,carefully,loudly,happily,friendly三、转化Conversion:指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话打电话，mirror镜子像镜子一样反映，drink-饮料，record录音记录,name,date,hand,study,2.形容词转化为动词perfect完美的一一使完善3 .名词转化为形容词(副词)front前面前面的4 .形容词转化为名词chief主要的首领语法填空之构词法专项练习1. Thesoldierdiedforsavingt

15、hechild，sohis(die)isheavierthanMountTai.2. TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin(long).3. How(fool)heis!blackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir(free)bravely.5. Whatyousaidsounded(reason)butinfactitwasuntrue.thingyoushoulddoisto(large)yourvocabulary.(honest)speaking，Ididntdoitonpurpose.8. TianjinandG

16、uangzhouwerealsofoundtobesafefrom(legal)drugs.9. Ashetriedtoreadamap,hedroveofftheroadintoariver(luck)10. Thunderandlightninghappen(simultaneous).weatherwasgoodexceptforan(occasion)shower.12. Thebigearthquakemadethousandsofpeople(home).13. I'mverycarefulnottogiveoutmy(person)information.14. Tohi

17、s(puzzle),hissonwas_(happy)hammeringdents(凹痕)intotheshinypaintofthetruck.15. WhileyourIQtellsyouhow(intelligence)youare,16. Dietandexerciseare(equal)important.17. Ifeltagreatsenseof(achieve)whenIreachedthetopofthemountain.18. ThepolicesuccessfullyarrestedRichardMatt,whowasoneofthecountrysmostwanted(

18、crime).19. My(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookwithineasyreach.policewereinterviewingthe30museum(employ)21 .Themotherdidntknowwhyherdaughterwascrying(.noise)22 .Theboyhadtheofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)23 .Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwillmytask.(simple)24 .Itsnowedlastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)25 .Edison