连词的分类搭配与基本用法详细讲解

1、conjunction连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用.连词主要可分为两类：并列连词(coordinatingconjunctions)和附属连词(subordinatingconjunctions).并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句.如：and,but,or,nor,so,therefore,yet,however,for,hence,aswellas,bothand,notonlybutalso,eitheror,neither-nor,(and)then等.上述并列连词又可分为：一般连词(simpleconjunction),关联连词

2、(correlativeconjunction)coordinatingconjunct(并歹ll连词)1 .and,or,notonlybutalso,aswellas等表示并歹USheplays(both)thepianoandtheguitar.=Ifyoumakeupyourmind,you'llgetthechance.Makeupyourmind,andyou'llgetthechance.Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.=Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.Sheplaysnotonlythepianobut(

3、also)theguitar.Neitheryounorheistoblame.注意：notonlybutalso关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否认词not而必须倒装.如：Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.(2)neithernor意思为"既不也不"谓语动词采用就近原那么,与nor后的词保持一致.请选择：-1don'tlikechicken_fish.-Idon'tlikechicken,_IlikefishverymuchA.and;andB.and;butC.or;butD.

4、or;and改错：Wewilldiewithoutairandwater.Wecan'tlivewithoutairorwater.2 .表示选择or意思为“否那么.eg.Imustworkhard,orI'llfailintheexam.eitheror意思为"或者或者.注意谓语动词采用就近原那么.eg.EitheryouorIamright.3 .表示转折或比照but表示转折,while表示比照.选择比拟下面两句：(1) Somepeoplelovecats,othershatethem.(2) -Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight

5、?-I'dliketo,I'mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.whileD.butnotbut意思为“不是而是"not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原那么.eg.Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing.4.表原因for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间.so,thereforeeg.Hehurthisleg,sohecouldn'tplayinthegame.注意：两个并列连词不能连用,但therefore,then,yet例外.eg.Youca

6、nwatchTV,andoryoucangotobed.(错)Hehurthisleg,andthereforehecouldn'tplayinthegame.()改错：Forheisill,heisabsenttoday.Althoughhewasweak,buthetriedhisbesttodothework.subordinatingconjunction附属连词英语附属连词subordinatingconjunction用来连接各种从句.由附属连词引导的句子通常叫从句,而把含有从句的句子叫作复合句.附属连词大致可分为如下三大类：引导状语从句的附属连词引导名词性从句的附属连词引

7、导定语从句的附属连词1.引导时间状语从句的附属连词1表示"当时候"或"每当"的时间连词.主要的有when,while,as,whenever:Hejumpedupwhenthephonerang.铃响时他吓了跳.Welistenedwhiletheteacherread.老师朗读时我们听着.ThephonerangjustasIwasleaving.我正要离开,铃就响了起来.2表示“在之前或之后的时间连词.主要的有before,after:Turnthelightsoffbeforeyouleave.离开前请关灯.Hestartedthejobsoona

8、fterhelefttheuniversity.他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作.表示“自从或“直到的时间连词.主要的有since,until,till:Hehaslivedheresincehegotmarried.他结婚后就直住在这儿.Mostmenworkeduntiltillthey're65.大多数男人工作到65岁.温馨提示：用until/till引导时间状语从句时,主句的谓语动词要十分小心地去加以选择的.如谓语动词是持续性的,要用肯定形式,如：Istudiedharduntil12o'clocklastnight.如果谓语动词是瞬间性的,那么要用否认形式,如:Hedid

9、n'tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.than,hardly(4)表示"就"的时间连词.主要的有assoonas,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,nosoonerwhen等：你一见到他就把这消息告诉他.我一看到她就认出她来了.他一到来我就要见他.我一干完活就回家了.Tellhimthenewsassoonasyouseehim.Irecognizedherthemoment(that)Isawher.Iwanttose

10、ehimtheminute(that)hearrives.IwenthomedirectlyIhadfinishedwork.他一来我们就可以开始.Oncehearrives,wecanstart.LasttimeIsawhim,helookedill.DolookmeupnexttimeyouEverytimeIcallonhim,heisout.5表示"上次"、"下次"、"每次"等的时间连词.主要的有everytime每次,eachtime每次,thenexttime下次,anytime随时,thelasttime上次,thefi

11、rsttime第一次：上次我见到他的时候,他好似有病.reinLondon.你下次到伦敦来,一定来找我.我每次去访问他,他都不在.你随时都可以给我打.Youcancallmeanytimeyouwantto.2 .引导条件状语从句的附属连词：主要有if,unless,as(so)longas,incase等：IfanyonecallstellthemI'mnotathome.要是有人打来,就说我不在家.Youwillfailunlessyouworkhard.你假设不努力就会失败.AsSolongasyouneedme,I'llstay.只要你需要我,我就留下.IncaseIf

12、orget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.万我忘t己,请提醒我下.【注】在条件状语从句中,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态.不过,有时表示条件的if之后可能用will,但那不是将来时态,而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)：Ifyouwillwaitamoment,I'llfetchthemoney.请等一下,我就去拿钱.3 .引导目的状语从句的附属连词：主要的有inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfear等：Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.我们使用计算机是为了节

13、约时间.Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.说清楚,以便让他们能明白你的意思.Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby.安静些,免得把婴儿吵醒.Heisworkinghardforfearheshouldfail.他努力工作以免会失败.4 .引导结果状语从句的附属连词：主要的有sothat,sothat,suchthat等:我们现在都到齐了,那是一个很难的他关窗户用力很大,Wereallherenow,sothatthemeetingcanbeginatlast.终于能开会了.It'ssodifficultaquest

14、ionthatnoneofuscananswerit.问题,我们没有一个人能答复.Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.结果玻璃震破了.【注】sothat中的that在口语中通常可以省略.5 .引导原因状语从句的附属连词：主要的有because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that),considering(that)等：Hecouldn'tgottoschoolbecausehehadacold.他因患感冒而未能去上学.Sinceeverybodyishere,let'sbeginourdiscus

15、sion.大家都到了,我们就开始吧.Seeingthatitis8o'clock,we'llwaitnolonger.由于时间已到8点,我们将不再等了.Nowthatyouarehere,you'dbetterstay.你既然来了,最好还是留下吧.6 .引导让步状语从句的附属连词：主要的有although,though,eventhough,evenif,while,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever等：他虽穷却能知足常乐.尽管是苦活,但我乐意干.即使你不喜欢喝酒,也尝尝尽管我们意见不同,但我们还AlthoughThou

16、ghheispoor,heiswellcontented.ThoughEventhoughit'shardwork,Ienjoyit.Evenifyoudon'tlikewine,tryaglassofthis.这杯吧.Whilewedon'tagreewecontinuetobefriends.是朋友.Howeveryouuseit,itwon'tbreak.不管你怎么使用,它都不会破.Whateveryousay,Ibelieveyou.无论你说什么,我都相信你.Whoevertelephones,tellthemI'mout.不管是谁打,都说我出去

17、了.Wheneveryoucome,youarewelcome.你什么时候来,我们者B欢送.主要的有as,like,asif,asthough,theway.Howevermuchheeats,henevergetsfat.无论他吃多少,他都不发胖.7 .引导方式状语从句的附属连词Doitashedoes.像他那样做.他装作假设无其事的样子.他们待我如陌生人.没有人像我这样爱你.Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.TheytreatmeasthoughIwereastranger.Nobodyelselovesyoutheway(=as)Ido.8 .引导地点状语从

18、句的附属连词：主要的有where,wherever,everywhere等：TherewerelotsofparkswhereIlived.我住的地方有许多公园.Sitwhereveryoulike.你想坐在那儿就坐在那儿.Everywheretheywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.他们每至U个地方者B受至U热烈欢送.9 .引导比拟状语从句的附属连词：主要的有than和as-as：It'seasierthanIthought.这比我想像的要容易.Theyareasoftenwrongastheyareright.他们错对各半.一、引导状语从句的附属连词引导引导名

19、词性从句Nounclauses的附属连词通常有：1 .连接词：that无词义,不做成分if,whether表达是否的意义,但不做句子成分what(有词义,在句子中可作主语、表howlong,howfar,however,whenever,你最大的缺点是粗心大意.是否对我们有害还要看一看.她没说他是否还活着.2 .连接代词：who,whomwhose,what,which,语、宾语)3 .连接副词：when,where,why,how,howmany,wherever(有词义,在句子中作从句的状语)eg.Yourgreatestfaultisthatyouarecareless.Whetheri

20、twilldousharmremainstobeseen.Shedidn'tsayifhewasstillalive.他是什么意思很清楚.Itisclearenoughwhathemeant.二、引导定语从句的附属连词由关系词关系代词或关系副词引出的定语从句AttributiveClauses,通常在句中做定语,被其修饰的名词,词组或代词叫先行词.关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等.关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.关系副词有：when,w

21、here,why等.关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.SimplesubordinatorsBecausebeforeAfterWhen(ever)Where(ever)WhereuponWhileWhilst,etcLestunlessuntilforSinceAsAlthoughThoughDirectlyImmediatelyIfTillSimplesubordinatorsIwilltelephoneyoudirectlyIhearthenews.Becarefullestyoufalldownthetree.Icamehereimmediatelyaft

22、erhavingmysuper.Hesawmecoming,whereuponheofferedmehisseat.ComplexsubordinatorsAssuming(that)Providing(that)Provided(that)Given(that)Supposing(that)IntheeventthatGranted(granting)thatConsidering(that)Seeing(that)Now(that)InthatInorderthatSo(that)SuchthatExceptthatExcepting(that)SavethatButthatInsofar

23、thatForallthatGranted(granting)thatComplexsubordinatorsHehasmanyfaults,butforallthatIlikehim.Herequestisunreasonableinthatheknowswecan'taffordit.Grantedthatwehavenofuture.Intheeventthathehasnotbeentold,Iwilltellhim.CorrelativesubordinatorsAsasAssoNotsoasSuchasBarely/hardly/scarcelywhenNosoonerth

24、anWhetherorMore/lessthanThethe,CorrelativesubordinatorsIhadhardlyleftwhenthequarrelstarted.Wehadnosoonersatdownthanwefounditwastimetogo.HardlyhadIleftwhenthequarrelstarted.Nosoonerhadwesatdownthanwefounditwastimetogo.MarginalsubordinatorsMarginalsubordinatorsrefertosomefreelexicalcombinations,whichi

25、shardtodistinguishfromcomplexsubordinators:Evenif,ifonly,onlyifEverytime(that),themoment(that)Duetothefact(that),forthereason(that)Forfear(that)Inspiteofthefact(that)OnthegroundsthatSubordinateclauses(finite)Afinitesubordinateclauseisonewhosepredicatorisafiniteverbphrase.Syntactically,subordinatecla

26、usescanbesubdividedintonominalclausesrelativeclauses,andadverbialclauses1 .请判断以下句子种类并说出连词的语用.(1) Airandwaterareindispensabletome.(2) Shelikesgoingoutwithfriendsorplayingoutdoorgames.(3) Mostworkershaveagoodincome,sotheylookveryhappy.(4) Hesaidthathedidnotwanttogo.(5) ManythingshavehappenedsinceIlast

27、sawhim.(6) Youmaycomeifyouwantto.(7) It'ssodifficultaquestionthatnoneofuscananswerit.(8) Whoevertelephones,tellthemI'mout.(9) IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametocollege.(10) Somepeoplelovecatswhileothershatethem.2 .指出并改正下面句子中错用的连词.(1) Thisbookmaybeusedbothasatextaswellasareferencebook.此句的"aswellas"和"both"不能搭配,应该将"aswell"改为"and,使“