key-jyss-在职研究生英二模拟

1、答案： 2021在职英语专业教育硕士-英语II 复习材料4I. Reading ComprehensionPassage One Children are getting so fat they may be the first generation to die before their parents, an expert claimed yesterday. Todays youngsters are alreadyfalling prey to成为猎物potential killers such as diabetes(糖尿病) because of their weight. Fat

2、ty fast-food diets combined with sedentary长坐lifestyles dominated支配 by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young, says Professor Andrew Prentice, from the London School of Hygiene卫生 and Tropical热带 Medicine. At the same time, the shape of the human body is going through a hug

3、e evolutionary shift because adults are getting so fat. Here in Britain, latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38in, and may be 42-44, by 2032. This compares with形成比照 only 32.6in. in 1972. Womens waists have grown from an average of 22in. in 1920 to 24in. in the Fifties a

4、nd 30in. now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger.In the UK alone, more than one million under-16s are classed as overweight or obese(过度肥胖的) double the number in the mid Eighties. One in ten four-year-olds are also medically classified

5、as obese.The obesity(肥胖症) pandemic传染爆发an extensive大规模 epidemic流行病 which started in the US, has now spread to Europe, Australasia澳、新、南太等地, Central America and the Middle East. Many nations now record more than 20 per cent of their population as clinically obese and well over half the population as ov

6、erweight. Prof. Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by an oversupply of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic引人注目 drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments. He is not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed how

7、obesity was fueling激起 a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes脑血管破裂或阻塞；中风and heart disease as well as diabetes. An averagely obese persons lifespan is shortened by around nine years while a severely obese person by many more. Prof. Prentice said: So will parents out

8、live their children, as claimed recently by an American obesity specialist? The answer is yes and no. Yes, when the offspring become grossly 非常obese. This is now becoming an alarmingly惊人告急 common occurrence事件 in the US. Such children and adolescents青少年 have a greatly reduced quality of life in terms

9、 of both their physical and psychosocial health. So say No to that doughnut油炸圈饼and burger.1. Prof. Andrew Prentice said that the life of an extremely fat child_ Par. 1; L 3 A. might be shorterB. might be longerC. shorter than his father, but longer than his mother D. might be longer than his father,

10、 but shorter than his mother2. The word “prey(Line 2, Para.1) means_A. victimB. vitaminC. foodD. fool3. Which of the following fails to refer to an obese child?A. An extremely weighty重要的 child.“重的不修饰人B. An extremely fat child.C. An extremely fatty child. D. An over weight child.4. According to the p

11、assage, obesity is an extensive epidemic starting in _Par. 4; L 1A. AsiaB. North AmericaC. EuropeD. Central America5. Which of the following disease is NOT mentioned in the passage? Par. 5; L 21A. pneumonia肺炎B. diabetesC. heart diseaseD. strokePassage TwoThe orange towers of the Golden Gate Bridge-p

12、robably the most beautiful,certainly the most photographed bridge in the world-are visible from almost every point of elevation高处 in San Francisco旧金山. The only crack裂缝 in Northern California's 600-mile continental wall,for years this mile-wide strait was considered unbridgeable. As much an archi

13、tectural as an engineering feat壮举, the Golden Gate took only 52 months to design and build, and was opened in 1937. Designed by Joseph Strauss, it was the first really massive suspension bridge悬索桥,with a span跨度全长of 4,200ft, and until 1959 ranked as the world's longest. It connects the city at it

14、s northwesterly point on the peninsula半岛 to Marin County and Northern California, rendering使得 the hitherto迄今 essential ferry crossing靠渡船跨过 redundant多余, and was designed to withstand winds of up to a hundred miles an hour and to swing as much as 27 ft. Handsome on a clear day, the bridge takes on an

15、eerie(神秘的) quality when the thick white fogs pour in and hide it almost completely. You can either drive or walk across. The drive is the more thrilling毛骨悚然刺激大of the two options as you race under the bridge's towers, but the half-hour walk across it really gives you time to take in its enormous

16、size and absorb the views of the city behind you and the headlands陆岬of Northern California straight ahead. Pause at the midway point and consider the seven or so suicides a month who choose this spot,260 ft up, as their jumping-off spot. Monitors of such events speculate推测 that victims always face t

17、he city before they leap.In 1995, when the suicide toll费用，伤亡人数 from the bridge had reached almost 1,000,police kept the figures quiet to avoid a rush of would-be suicides going for the dubious半信半疑 distinction殊荣 of being the thousandth person to leap. Perhaps the best loved symbol of San Francisco, i

18、n 1987 the Golden Gate proved an auspicious桔兆 place(风水宝地) for a sunrise party when crowds gathered to celebrate its桥的fiftieth anniversary. Some quarter of a million people turned up (a third of the city's entire population); the winds were strong and huge numbers caused the bridge to buckle(使弯曲)

19、, but fortunately not to break.1. What is TURE of the Golden Gate Bridge? Par. 1; L7A. It is certainly the world's most beautiful bridge. B. It is far from San Francisco.C. It is a feat neither architecturally nor engineeringly before 1960.D.It was the world longest bridge.2. What do you know fu

20、rther about the Golden Gate Bridge? Par. 1; L4A. It is over a strait where no bridge could have been built before the 1930s.B. It is the first massive bridge designed by Joseph Strauss.C. It appears while in the thick white fogs.D. It connects Marin Country with Northern California. Par. 1; L73. Of

21、the two exercises, the drive over the bridge is more _. Par.2; L1A. interesting B. fascinating迷人C. inviting诱人 D. exciting4. Those who attempt to suicide often jump from the midway point of the bridge probably because_. Par.2; L5 A. they want to die quietly B. they want to die quickly C. they want to

22、 take a glance at the bridge's towersD. they want to take a glance at San Francisco5. What would be the best title for the text?A. The World's Most Beautiful BridgeB. The World's Most Photographed BridgeC. The World's First Suspension BridgeD.The Golden Gate BridgePassage Three Weste

23、rn airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over被绊倒，旅行 themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative合作的 agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners客机. Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements，as a low-cost r

24、oute to acquiring new airliner technology. If they are not careful the two sides will end up tripping over each other：the one by selling its birth-right for short-term gain，the other by trying to break into a market which isnt big enough to sustain支撑it. (绊倒的原因 Technology transfer works in a growing

25、market，where the aspirations志向 of the new entrant进入者 receiving that technology can be met through expansion. The airliner market is not such a device手段. Even the most optimistic projections 规划of airliner sales for the next 20 years show that airliner manufacture can only be profitable if a small num

26、ber of aircraft builders share the available sales. It follows that if new manufacturers come into the market and take sales接手，their sales must come from substitution，not expansion. Given 考虑到the complexity of todays airliners，it is unlikely that any new entrant will have both the financial and techn

27、ical resources to come into the market without the involvement参与 of an established已确立既定已有的manufacturer. In the short term眼前看短期而言，such involvement may not be to the exclusive独占的 benefit of 对有利the new entrant： most of the established manufacturers are searching for ways to reduce costs of manufacture.

28、 In the short term短期合作中，it can be of benefit to an established Western manufacturer to have either components零部件 of complete airframes机身 made or assembled装配 in lower-wage economies经济体 such as China， Taiwan or Korea， while retaining the design， development and marketing of aircraft for itself. It wou

29、ld be a very unwise Western manufacturer which did not heed留意 the fact that these developing economies are acquiring skills like computing at least as quickly as they are acquiring skills in metalbashing敲击废铜铁奏出音乐. The danger comes when the new entrant no longer needs the established Western partner

30、because it has acquired the technical and intellectual ability to design and build its own aircraft. An Asian partner may well find itself in the happy position of having the low-cost labour base， the high-cost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner.1.The authors attitu

31、de towards Western/eastern collaboration合作can be depicted描绘as _. Par.1; L3A.positive B.progressive 进步的C.conservative保守谨慎D.negative2.“The airliner market is not such a device means that the airliner market _. Par.2and 3A.does not encourage technology transfer B.is too limited to offer chances of succ

32、ess C.requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devices D.is full of competitions even for new entrants3.Established manufacturers search for partners in order to _. Par.4; L4A.save the cost of the airframe机身 B.improve some aircraft componentsC.save the cost of labour D.develop new technology4.Accordi

33、ng to the author，a wise established manufacturer should _. Par.5; L4A.try to benefit from both financial and technical resources B.break up his partnership with the East once profits are made C.keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airliners D.collaborate with Asian partners fo

34、r a short time5.The word “base in the last paragraph represents_. A.a production place B.the initial operation of building aircraft C.a research institute D.a position where to start buildingII. Use of English 1. According to BT's( =Bachelor of Theology神学士)futurologist未来学研究者, Ian Pearson, these下

35、面的 are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1，000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate加速 progress in all areas of life. Pearson has _1_ together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a _2_ millenniu

36、m technology calendar that gives the latest dates最后日期 when we can expect hundreds of key _3_ and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an _4_ life expectancy期望寿命 and dozens of artificial organs _5_ into use between now and 2040. Pearson also _6_ a

37、 breakthrough in computer human links. "By linking _7_ to our nervous system, computers could pick up _8_ we feel and, hopefully, simulate模仿 _9_ too so that we can start to _10_ full sensory environments全程感觉中枢环境, rather like the holidays in Total Recall电影?全面回忆?也译?宇宙威龙?or the Star Trek电影?星空奇遇?ho

38、lodeck全装甲," he says. But that, Pearson points _11_, is only the start of man-machine _12_:"It will be the beginning of the long process of integration集成that will _13_ lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."_14_ his research, Pearson is able to put dates t

39、o定日期 most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no _15_ for when faster-than-light travel will be _16_, or when human cloning克隆will be perfected, or when time travel时间旅行有人认为只是梦想will be possible. But he does _17_ social problems as a result of technological advances. A

40、boom激增繁荣 in neighborhood surveillance看守监视 cameras will, for example, _18_ problems in 2021, while the arrival of synthetic合成人造 _19_ robots will mean people may not be able to _20_ between their human friends and the droids科幻片中的机器人. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and o

41、perating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage厨房狂躁症.1.Ataken Bpieced 拼凑，结合 Ckept Dmade2.AcomplicatedBdelicate精致的 Csubtle微妙的，精巧 Dunique 唯一的，独特的3. Abreakthroughs突破Bfindings Cevents重大事件 Dincidents小事件，政治预谋事件4.Aexpanded膨胀的 Bextended延长的Cenlarged Denriched 5.Abeing B

42、becoming Ccarrying Dcoming开始投入使用6.Aschedules Bplans Cpredicts预测 Ddesigns7.Adirectly Binstantly立即 Cprecisely Dautomatically8.Athat Bhow CwhatDall9.Athinking Bhearing Csight Dfeeling10.Aform Bdevelop Cfind Dundertake11.Aout提出Bat指向Cto指向 Dtoward12.Aprogram BproductionCexperiment Dintegration集成一体化13.Afin

43、ally时间顺序Bultimately终于，到达最高 Cutterly完全 Dabsolutely14.AThrough BThough CDuring DBy15.Aforecasts预测BarticlesCstoriesDmeetings16.Aadvisable Baffordable负担得起的Cavailable可行的Dvaluable 17.Asolve Barose不及物 Cexercise Dexpect18.Aconfront使面对正视 Bcause Cwitness Dcollect19.Alovely Blikely Clifelike 逼真的Dlively活泼的20.Ad

44、istinguish between Bdiffer from Cdiagnose诊断 Ddeviate from背离2. A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide数字鸿沟，数位落差-the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that _1_ does exist today. My wife and I lectured演讲,训斥 about this loom

45、ing隐现，海市蜃景 danger twenty years ago. What was less _2_ then, however, were the new, positive _3_ that work against the digital divide. _4_,there are reasons to be _5_. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more _6_, it is in the inter

46、est of business商业利益 to universalize access通道互联网使用-after all, the more people online, the more potential _7_ there are. More and more _8_, afraid their countries will be left _9_, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be _10_ toget

47、her. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will _11_ rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for _12_ world poverty that we've ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to _13_ pove

48、rty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has _14_ potential(作名词为不可数). To _15_ advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over克服，忘掉 their outdated anti-colonial prejudices _16_ respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an _17

49、_ of their sovereignty主权might well study the history of _18_ (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is _19_ America's Second Wave第二次浪潮 infrastructure-根底建设_

50、20_ roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. 1. A) divide 划分，分水岭B) information C) world D) lecture2. A) obscure 模糊的B) visible C) invisible D) indistinct不清难分辨3. A) forces力量 B) obstacles障碍 to C) events D) surprises4. A) Seriously B) Entirely 完全C) Actually D) Contin

51、uously连续地5. A) negative B) optimistic C) pleasant只指事，文中指人 D) disappointed6. A) developed B) centralized 集中C) realized D) commercialized使商业化7. A) users B) producers C) customers D) citizens8. A) enterprises B) governments C) officials D) customers9. A) away B) for C) aside 搁置一边D) behind落在后 10. A) net

52、ted编网 用网联一起 B) worked C) put D) organized11. A) decrease 减少B) narrow变窄 C) neglect D) low12. A) containing容纳B) preventing sbfrom C) keeping D) combating与搏斗 combat13. A) win赢得 the war B) detail C) defeatD) fear14. A) enormous B) countless 无数的C) numerical 用数字表示的D) big15. A) bring B) keep C) hold D) tak

53、e利用16. A) at B) with 关于 (也可用in) C) of D) for17. A) offence 冒犯B) investment C) invasion入侵 D) insult侮辱18. A) construction建筑 B) facility设备 C) infrastructure根底建设 D) institution19. A) why B) where C) when D) how20. A) concerning 关于B) concluding结束的； C) according D) includingIII. Translation:In his autobio

54、graphy, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage 优势of forcing him to think

55、long and intently 专心about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted宣称, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it th