会计术语中英对照

1、一、会计与会计理论会计accounting决策人DecisionMaker投资人Investor股东Shareholder债权人Creditor贝才务会计FinancialAccounting管理会计ManagementAccounting成本会计CostAccounting私业会计PrivateAccounting公众会计PublicAccounting会计目标AccountingObjectives会计彳贸设AccountingAssumptions会计要素AccountingElements会计原贝UAccountingPrinciples会计实务过程AccountingProcedur

2、es财务报表FinancialStatements贝才务分析FinancialAnalysis会计主体假设Separate-entityAssumption货币计量假设Unit-of-measure注册会计师CPACertifiedPublicAccountant国际会计准则委员会IASC美国注册会计师协会AICPA财务会计准则委员会FASB管理会计协会IMA美国会计学会AAA税务稽核署IRS独资企业Proprietorship合伙人企业Partnership公司CorporationAssumption持续经营假设Continuity(Going-concern)Assumption会计分期

3、假设Time-periodAssumption资产Asset负债Liability业主权益Owner'sEquity收入Revenue费用Expense收益IncomeProcedure/Cycle万损Loss历史成本原则CostPrinciple收入实现原则RevenuePrinciple配比原则MatchingPrinciple全面披露原则Full-disclosure(Reporting)Principle客观性原则ObjectivePrinciple一致性原则ConsistentPrinciple可比性原则ComparabilityPrinciple重大性原则Materiali

4、tyPrinciple稳健性原贝UConservatismPrinciple权责发生制AccrualBasis现金收付制CashBasis财务报告FinancialReport流动资产Currentassets流动负债CurrentLiabilities长期负债Long-termLiabilities投入资本ContributedCapital留存收益RetainedEarning二、会计循环会计循环Accounting会计信息系统AccountinginformationSystem帐户Ledger会计科目Account会计分录Journalentry原始凭证SourceDocument日记

5、帐Journal总分类帐GeneralLedger明细分类帐SubsidiaryLedger试算平衡TrialBalance现金收款日记帐Cashreceiptjournal现金付款日记帐Cashdisbursementsjournal销售日t己帐SalesJournal购货日记帐PurchaseJournal普通日记帐GeneralJournal工作底稿Worksheet调整分录Adjustingentries结帐Closingentries三、现金与应收帐款现金Cash银行存款Cashinbank库存现金Cashinhand流动资产Currentassets偿债基金Sinkingfund定

6、额备用金Imprestpettycash支票Check(cheque)银行对帐单Bankstatement银行存款调节表Bankreconciliationstatement在途存款Outstandingdeposit在途支票Outstandingcheck应付凭单Voucherspayable应收帐款Accountreceivable应收票据Notereceivable起运点交货价F.O.Bshippingpoint目的地交货价F.O.Bdestinationpoint商业折扣Tradediscount现金折扣Cashdiscount销售退回及折让Salesreturnandallowanc

7、e坏帐费用Baddebtexpense备抵法Allowancemethod备抵坏帐Baddebtallowance损益表法Incomestatementapproach资产负债表法Balancesheetapproach帐龄分析法Aginganalysismethod直接冲销法Directwrite-offmethod带息票据Interestbearingnote不带息票据Non-interestbearingnote出票人Maker受款人Payee本金Principal禾1J息率Interestrate到期日Maturitydate本票Promissorynote贴现Discount背书En

8、dorse拒付费Protestfeecom四、存货存货Inventory商品存货Merchandiseinventory产成品存货Finishedgoodsinventory在产品存货Workinprocessinventory原材料存货Rawmaterialsinventory起运地离岸价格F.O.Bshippingpoint目的地抵岸价格F.O.Bdestination寄销Consignment寄销人Consignor承销人Consignee定期盘存Periodicinventory永续盘存Perpetualinventory购货Purchase购货折让和折扣Purchaseallowan

9、ceanddiscounts存货盈余或短缺Inventoryoveragesandshortages分批认定法Specificidentification加权平均法Weightedaverage先进先出法First-in,first-outorFIFO后进先出法Lost-in,first-outorLIFO移动平均法Movingaverage成本或市价孰低法LowerofcostormarketorLCM市价Marketvalue重置成本Replacementcost可变现净值Netrealizablevalue上限Upperlimit下限Lowerlimit毛利法Grossmarginmet

10、hod零售价格法Retailmethod成本率Costratio五、长期投资长期投资Long-terminvestment长期股票投资Investmentonstocks长期债券投资Investmentonbonds成本法Costmethod权益法Equitymethod合并法Consolidationmethod股禾宣布日Declarationdate股权登记日Dateofrecord除息日Ex-dividenddate付息日Paymentdate债券面值Facevalue,Parvalue债券折价Discountonbonds债券溢价Premiumonbonds票面利率Contractin

11、terestrate,statedrate市场利率Marketinterestratio,Effectiverate普通股CommonStock优先股PreferredStock现金股利Cashdividends股票月£禾1JStockdividends清算股禾ILiquidatingdividends到期日Maturitydate到期值Maturityvalue直线摊销法Straight-Linemethodofamortization实际利息摊销法Effective-interestmethodofamortization六、固定资产固定资产PlantassetsorFixed原

12、值Originalvalue预计使用年限Expectedusefullife预计残值Estimatedresidualvalue折旧费用Depreciationexpense累计折旧Accumulateddepreciation帐面价值Carryingvalue应提折旧成本Depreciationcost净值Netvalue在建工程Construction-in-process磨损Wearandtear过日寸Obsolescence直线法Straight-linemethod(SL)工作量法Units-of-productionmethod(UOP)加速折旧法Accelerateddeprec

13、iationmethod双倍余额递减法Double-decliningbalancemethod(DDB)年数总和法Sum-of-the-years-digitsmethod(SYD)assets经营租赁Operatinglease以旧换新Tradein融资租赁Capitallease廉价购买权Bargainpurchaseoption(BPO)资产负债表外筹资Off-balance-sheetfinancing最低租赁付款额Minimumleasepayments七、无形资产无形资产Intangibleassets专利权Patents商标权Trademarks,Tradenames著作权Co

14、pyrights特许权或专营权Franchises商誉Goodwill开办费Organizationcost租赁权Leasehold摊销Amortization八、流动负债负债Liability流动负债Currentliability应付帐款Accountpayable应付票据Notespayable贴现票据Discountnotes长期负债一年内到期部分Currentmaturitiesoflong-termliabilities应付股禾JDividendspayable预收收益Prepaymentsbycustomers存入保证金Refundabledeposits应付费用Accruale

15、xpense增值税valueaddedtax营业税Businesstax应付所得税Incometaxpayable应付奖金Bonusespayable产品质量担保负债Estimatedliabilitiesunderproductwarranties赠品和兑换券Premiums,couponsandtradingstamps或有事项Contingency或有负债Contingent或有损失Losscontingencies或有利J得Gaincontingencies永久性差异Permanentdifference时间性差异Timingdifference应付税款法Taxespayablemet

16、hod实际利率Actualrate纳税影响会计法Taxeffect有效利率Effectiverateaccountingmethod递延所得税负债法Deferredincometaxliabilitymethod九、长期负债长期负债Long-termLiabilities应付公司债券Bondspayable有担保品的公司债券SecuredBonds抵押公司债券MortgageBonds保证公司债券GuaranteedBonds信用公司债券DebentureBonds一次还本公司债券TermBonds分期还本公司债券SerialBonds可转换公司债券ConvertibleBonds可赎回公司债

17、券CallableBonds可要求公司债券RedeemableBonds记名公司债券RegisteredBonds无记名公司债券CouponBonds普通公司债券OrdinaryBonds收益公司债券IncomeBonds名义利率，票面利率Nominalrate溢价Premium折价Discount面值Parvalue直线法Straight-linemethod实际利率法Effectiveinterestmethod到期直接偿付Repaymentatmaturity提前偿付Repaymentatadvance偿债基金Sinkingfund长期应付票据Long-termnotespayable抵

18、押借款Mortgageloan十、业主权益权益Equity业主权益Owner'sequity股东权益Stockholder'sequity投入资本Contributedcapital缴入资本Paid-incapital股本Capitalstock资本公积Capitalsurplus留存收益Retainedearnings核定股本Authorizedcapitalstock实收资本Issuedcapitalstock发行在外股本Outstandingcapitalstock库藏股Treasurystock普通股Commonstock优先股Preferredstock累积优先股Cu

19、mulativepreferredstock非累积优先股Noncumulativepreferredstock完全参加优先股Fullyparticipatingpreferredstock部分参加优先股Partiallyparticipatingpreferredstock非部分参加优先股Nonpartiallyparticipatingpreferredstock现金发行Issuanceforcash非现金发行Issuancefornoncashconsideration股票的合并发行Lump-sumsalesofstock发行成本Issuancecost成本法Costmethod面值法Pa

20、rvaluemethod捐赠资本Donatedcapital盈余分酉己Distributionofearnings股利Dividend股禾政策Dividendpolicy宣布日Dateofdeclaration股权登记日Dateofrecord除息日Ex-dividenddate股利支付日Dateofpayment现金月£禾JCashdividend股票月£利Stockdividend拨款appropriation十一、财务报表财务报表FinancialStatement资产负债表BalanceSheet收益表IncomeStatement帐户式AccountForm报告式

21、ReportForm编制（报表）Prepare工作底稿Worksheet多步式Multi-step单步式Single-step十二、财务状况变动表财务状况变动表中的现金基础SCFP.CashBasis（现金流量表）财务状况变动表中的营运资金基础SCFP.WorkingCapitalBasis（资金来源与运用表）营运资金WorkingCapital全部资源概念All-resourcesconcept直接交换业务Directexchanges正常营业活动Normaloperatingactivities贝才务活动Financingactivities投资活动Investingactivities十

22、三、财务报表分析财务报表分析Analysisoffinancialstatements比较贝才务报表Comparativefinancialstatements趋势百分比Trendpercentage比率Ratios普通股每股收益Earningspershareofcommonstock股禾收益率Dividendyieldratio价益比Price-earningsratio普通股每股帐面价值Bookvaluepershareofcommonstock资本报酬率Returnoninvestment总资产报酬率Returnontotalasset债券收益率Yieldrateonbonds已获利息倍数Numberoftimesinterestearned债券比率Debtratio优先股U益率Yieldrateonpreferredstock营运资本WorkingCapital周转Turnover存货周转率Inventoryturnover应收帐款周转率Accountsreceivableturnover流动比率Currentratio速动