八级英语语法点及重点短语

1、八年级重点语法句型语法：1、动词1)情态动词 modal verbs) 情态动词可以用来表示“提议 、“建议或“请求等。情态动词 should 作“应该；应当；可以讲，用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告， 而且表述的是自己的主观看法。其后动词接原型。例如：a用于表示"应该"或"不应该"的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：You should be here with clea n han ds 你应该把手洗干净了再来。b 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服

2、，你最好去看医生。c用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。She should be here any mome nt.她随时都可能来。情态动词 could 用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求。a. 表示“能力或“可能性，作为can的过去形式。如：Could you speak English then？ 那时你能讲英语吗？ He said he couldn't follow me. 他说他跟不上我。b. 表示惊异、疑心、不相信等情绪。如：Who could ha

3、ve taken them？ 谁会把它们拿走了呢？ She couldn't have left so soon. 她不可能这么快就走了。在这种情况下，could和can是可以换用的，用could时口气较缓和，用can时不 相信的程度更强一些，两者在时间上没有差异。c. 比拟委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。如： Could you let me have your passport? Yes, here it is.看看你的护照好吗？行，这就是。I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果必要我可以早点来。 这时 could 和 can 没有时间上的差异。

4、2、过去进行时 past progressive tense1过去进行时的定义 过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作， 或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如：I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时，我正在跟李华谈话。I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看电视。2过去进行时的结构 过去进行时由“ was / were + 现在分词构成。如： I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were clea ning the house.我们

5、在清扫房子。3使用过去进行时应注意的几点(1) 过去进行时可表示按方案、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。如：He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他说他今天下午要去北京。(2) 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如：I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一 起活动?(3) 过去进行时中有 always, forever, continually, consta

6、ntly修饰时，表示说话 人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如：He was always thinking of others. 他总是想到人家。3、现在完成时 present perfect tense)1表示截止现在业已完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need 到. 现在为止，我已收集到了我所需 的全部资料。She has read 150 pages toda 她今天已看了 150 页。We have n't met for many years 我们已多年没见了。They have developed a new pro

7、duct他们研制成功了一种新产品。2表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗 ?She has bee n to the Uni ted States她已去美国了。You have grow n much taller你长高了许多。 3表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续It has bee n five years since he joined the army他参军五年了。They have lear ned En glish for eight years 他们已学了 八年的英语了。So far we'

8、;ve on ly discussed the first five chapters至 今我们还只讨论了前五章。3、连词both and:表示“两者都。注意：当bothand连接主语时，后面动词一般要用复数。如： Both Lily and Lucy are right.not only but also: “不仅而且。注意：后面动词采用就近原那么，与but also后的词保持一致。如： Not only my parents but also my brother likes the cat.either- or: “或者或者。注意谓语动词采用就近原那么。如：Either youor I

9、am wrong.neither- nor:既不也不 "是“ eitheror"的否认形式。谓语动词采用就近原那么，与nor后的词保持一致。如： Neither you nor he is right.4、状语从句 状语从句专题句法重点 状语从句是中考词汇和句法局部考查的重点内容之一。 状语的功用： 状语说明地 点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等在复习状语从句时 ,主要任务是弄清楚引导各种状语从句的连词的用法。现就主 要考查点简述如下 :主要有 when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until

10、, as soon a等。 其中when while和as都可表示"当时候",但用法有区别： when意为"在时;当时",可表示"点时间"或"段时间",从句谓语可以是终止性动词 ,也可以是延续性动词。例如 ：When I got home, he was having supper. as意为"边边"或"与同时"，重在表示两个动作同时发生。伴随 进行。as从句是终止性动词时，主句通常也必须是终止性动词。例如：They sang as they danced. while只可表

11、示"段时间",从句谓语只限于延续性动词。例如：While I was sleeping, my father came in.注:从句谓语是持续性动词时,when、while和as可以互换原因状语从句一般由 because,since, as, for 引导？注意 as,because,sinc和 for 的区别： 如果原因是构成句子的最主要局部，一般用because because引导的从句一 般不放在句子的开头。例如 ：I missed the train because I got up late.注:对于以why开头的问句，一般只能用because引导的从句来答复。

12、 如果原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其余局部重要，就用as或sincesince 比as稍微正式一些。as和si nee引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As he was not well,I decided to go there without him.Since this method doesn't work, let's try another. for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明，因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里， 而且 for 引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。例如 ：I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was f

13、eeling quite hungry.主要有 so/such that,so that 等。1) so.that结构在某种情况下可以与 enough to和too.to结构相互转换。例 如:She is so short that she can't reach the buttons of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift.2) so that也可以引导结果状语从句，意为"结果是；以致于"。例如：They missed the bus so that they were la

14、te for class. so.that. 句型的意思是“如此/这么以致于，常引导结果状语从句，但“so.that.是个爱“变 脸句型，你一不留意就会出错。“ so.that.句型及其转换也是中考的热点，现将其用法总结归纳如下，让我们一起来看看它是怎样变的吧。注意：so. that.句型中的so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词，常用句型为：主语 + 谓语 +so+adj. / adv. + that从 句。例如：1. he is so young that she can't look after herself.2. The boy ran so fast that I could

15、n't catch him.3. He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.在“such. that.句型中，such修饰名词，意思也是“如此以致于但当名词前有 many、much、(a) few、(a) little等词修饰时，句子中要用“so.that. 而不能用“ such.that.。例如：1. He has so much money that he can buy what he wanted.2. I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there.3

16、. There is litte water in the glass that I can't drink any more. 4引导目的状语从句的连词so that也可引导目的状语从句,此时可用to或in order to替换，将其改为简单句。 例如 ：He got up early so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early to get to school on time. =In order to get to school on time,he got up early.5. 引导让步状语从句的连词tho

17、ugh, although注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有 but，但是though和yet可连用Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 谚语6. 引导条件状语从句的连词要点： 表示状语从句由连词

18、if, unless =if not 引导。1.If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天不下雨 , 我们就去远足 .2.You will get good grades if you study hard. 如果你努力学习 ,就会取得好成绩 .3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too. 我不会去参加聚会的 , 除非他也去 .如果他不去 ,我也不去 . 难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候 ,从句要用一般现在时 .7引导地点状语从句的连

19、词地点状语从句由 where, wherever,引导，如：We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。2地点状语从句与定语从句的区别where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句 前那么无需先行词。如：Go back where you came from.where?丨导地点状语从句 你从何处来到何处去。Go back to the village where you came from.wher氏丨导定语从句，修饰 village 回到你来的那个村子里去。重点语法：一般将来时态的应用do/does 的

20、一般将来时态形式： (shall/will) dodo/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态： (shall/will) be done 一般将来时态的肯定句、否认句、疑问句形式： 肯定句例句： People will have robots in a few years. 否认句例句： People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years. 一般疑问句例句： Will people have robots in a few years? 特殊疑问句例句： What will people have in a few years?重点语法：

21、过去将来时态将来时态的委婉说法do/does 的过去将来时态形式： (should/would) dodo/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态： (should/would) be done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否认句、疑问句形式： 肯定句例句： You should write a letter to him. 否认句例句： You shouldn't write a letter to him. 一般疑问句例句： Should I write a letter to him? 特殊疑问句例句： What should I do?重点语法：过去进行时态do/does 的过去进行时态

22、形式： (was/were) doingdo/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态： (was/were) being done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否认句和疑问句形式： 肯定句例句： I was walking down the street when a UFO landed. 否认句例句： I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed. 一般疑问句例句： Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句例句： What were you doing when

23、a UFO landed? 动词 when 和 while 的选择： when 后加瞬间动词， while 后加延续性动词。 例句： The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感慨句结构： (1) How + adj. + the + 主语 + 谓语动词=(2) What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + 主语 + 谓语动词 例句： What a beautiful flower it is!=H

24、ow beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers they are!=How beautiful the flowers are!重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语例句： I'm good at English. He says. 改为加宾语从句的复合句 He says I'm good at English.注意：主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句： He says I'm good at English now.He says I was go

25、od at mathematics when I was young. 主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句： He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. 宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句： Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. 动词原形不能作主语，必须

26、用其-ing形式。例句： She said helping others changed her life.重点语法： if 引导的条件状语从句结构：主句 + if + 条件状语从句if + 条件状语从句 + comma + 主句注意：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在 时态。例句： You'll have a great time if you go to the party.=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time. 重点语法：现在完成进行时态do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式：

27、 have/has been doing do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态： have/has been being done 现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做 过去发生的动作对现在造成影响 例：我已上了三年初中。I have been in Junior School for 3 years. 自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。I have been making progress since he talked with me that time. 现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否认句和疑问句形式： 肯定句例句： I have been ska

28、ting for five hours. 否认句例句： I haven't been skating for five hours. 一般疑问句例句： Have you been skating for five hours? 特殊疑问句例句： How long have you been skating? 注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。重点语法： mind one's doing sth. 介意某人做某事 重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.例句： Why don't you

29、 get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera? what about = how about例句： How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls? 重点语法：现在完成时态do/does 的现在完成时态形式： (have/has) donedo/does 的现在完成时态的被动语态： (have/has) been done 现在完成时态主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。 例句：我去年去过美国，那是我第一次出国。I have ever been to America. It&#

30、39;s the first time for me to go abroad. 重点句型短语 in five years on computer on paper live in as a reporter free timefall in love with like doing sth keep a parrot want sb. to do sth. play one's stereo stay at home argue with sb / have an argument with sb. be out of style write sb a letter/write to

31、 talk about on the phone surprise sb.pay forget a part-time job borrow sth. from sb.get out (of)in front of / in the front oftake off buy for land on shout to / at run away come in hear about the Museum of Flight happen to stop doing take place as. as first of all pass on be supposed to do better in

32、 be in good health report card get over open up care for have a party for sb. be mad at sb all the time一直，始终in order to为了have a party 举行聚会 go to college上大学be famous for因而著称in fact事实上laugh at嘲笑too much太多get exercise锻炼travel around the world 周游世界work hard努力工作wear jeans穿牛仔裤get an education 获得教育in fact其

33、实；实际上run out of 用完；用尽by the way顺便；附带说说be in terested in对感兴趣more than比多make a list of列清单thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事 think of / about sth. 想起某事not at all一点也不turn down调节收音机等 使音量变小right away立刻；马上wait in line排队等候cut in line插队keep down控制at first首先break the rule不服从；不遵守put out熄灭put on穿上pick up捡起even if即使

34、fall asleep 入睡give awayrather tha n赠送胜于hear of 听说take an in terest in对感兴趣make frie nds with 与交友Uni t1 :Whe n was she born?She was born in 1996.How long did David sta nd in a box of ice?Whe n did he start writi ng?How old was Mo Yan whe n he left school?Why was he famous?/what made him famous?with gr

35、eat tale ntstreet artistpaint pictures on the groundget in troublewin the Nobel Prize in Literatureexpect to do sth.all over the worldpen n ame ;real n amebe born into a farmer ' s familydrop out of schooltry every means to do sth.with sth.( no more books) at handHe read it _so many timesJhat he

36、 found several mistakes in it. join the armybecome famousbe made into a film become in terested in his worksshort storytoo to ride a bike spend time with sb.spenc其它用法 win a skating competition enjoy doing sth.become seriously ill have bad health keep on doing sth. take piano lessons give concerts to

37、uch the heart of sb.break uppersonal informationWhat do you think of our school? kind of strict happen to sb.feel unsure of sth a good starting point turn to sb.more and more+adj walk through the door come overhave a secret feeling of fear stand in a corner help sb. do sth.pass the time make small t

38、alk wait in line break the icedepend on give sb. a chance to do sth.on vacation trek through the jungle take it easy in general some day as soon as possible come true thousands of so that quite a few on the other hand hold on to one ' s dream in the futureI like places where the weather is alway

39、s warm. Where would you like to go？ in this season at this time of year It ' s convenient to do sth. take the underground train pack light clothes provide sth. for sb. /provide sb. with sth. be willing to do sth.achieve one ' s dream find it difficult to do sth. the secret to language learni

40、ng be afraid to do sth. body language the expressions on the faces key words be interested in look up the word in the dictionary ask sb. for help work with friends make word cards listen to tapes How do you study for a test?I study by improve my speaking skills spoken English It s'hard to do sth

41、.give a report get the main idea at first word by word It takes time.The more you read, the faster you' ll be.because of poor pronunciation fall in love withhave a better understanding of sth. be born with have sth. in common get bored take notes draw mind maps the Lantern Festival the Dragon Boat Festival the Water Festival eat five meals a dayput on five pounds lose weight in two weeks be similar to. throw water at each other in the shape of. folk stories lay out