初中英语语法-现在完成时讲解以及练习题

1、现在完成时1构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词 have(has)说明事情发生于现在。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词在句子中做谓 语，说明句子的含义。2用法1动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,l have. I've just had it.你已经吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。现在我不饿了2表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可 能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有 for和since等表示一段时

2、间的状语。如: He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。可能还要继续教I have't see n her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。3表示说话前发生过一次或屡次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过"，常带有 twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。女口： I have bee n to Beiji ng twice我 去过北京二次。3. 现在完成时的时间状语1现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday,last Sun day,i n1

3、990,three years ag等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和 影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet 般用于否认句和 疑问句中。如： We have already fini shed our homework我 们已完成作业了。They have n't fini shed their homework yet 他们还没有完成作业。b. 用ever和never。多用于否认或疑问句中，表示“曾经"或“从未“等。女口：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall

4、 你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wai 我从未去过长城。c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如 just,before,up to no w,the past few years 等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where我以前见过她， 但记不起在哪里见过。He has bee n there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三 次了。d. 用包括“现在"在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this mornin

5、g(m on th,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I have n't. 今天 你见过他吗？我 没有。 How many times have you bee n there this year?今年你 去过那里多少次？2现在完成时可以和带有 since或for等表示“一段时间"的状语连用, 表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。女口： I have n't seen him for twoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间"的状语连 用。要用，必

6、须改为“ be在等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延 续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive be here die be deadleave be away get up be up finish be over ope n be ope n close be closed borrow keepbeg in( start) be oncome back be backfall ill(sick,asleep) be ill(sick,asleep) go out be output on wear 或 be onjoin be in 或 be a member ofgo to sch

7、ool be a stude nt buy havecatch(a cold) have(a cold) beg in to study studyget to know knowcome to workwork 等如:He has bee n a soldier for three year他 参军三年了。His father has bee n dead for two year他 父亲去世二年了。 The film has bee n on for ten mi nutes 电影已开始十分钟了We have studied En glish for three years.我们开始学英语

8、已三年了。4. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是 这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动 作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。现在还未找到I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。昨天丢的，现在找到与 否没说明5. 几点本卷须知1have been(to与 have gone( to的区别：have been(to表示“去过某地现 在已经回来了"，可用于各人称；have gon e(

9、to)表示“去某地了说话时某人 不在当地"，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,n ever,several times等连用，后者那么不能。女口： They have been to Beijing twice他们去过北京两次。He has goneto Beiji ng .他去北京了。2如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since词，也不必用完成时。如: It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years他父亲去世已有三年了。3终止性动词现在完成时的否认式，已变成一种可

10、以延续的状态，因此 可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I have n't left here si nee 1997自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。单项选择1. Li Hong hasthe army for 2 years.A. joi ned B. be in C. bee n in D. joi ned in2. We have bee n friends since.A. childre n B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before3. Mikethe story for a mon th.A. has

11、 bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed4. Youthat questi on three times.A. already asked B. have already askedC. already have asked D. asked already5. Those foreig n friends left Guan gzhou.A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago6. Iat this school for two years.A. am

12、 study ing B. study C. studied D. have studied7. Theyin the city si nee last summer.A. live B. didn' t live C. have lived D. live8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou1992.A. since B. from C. after D. in9. Mr. BlackChina si nee the summer of 1998.A. has bee n to B. has bee n in C. has come to D. came

13、to10. His fatherfor years.A. has died B. has bee n dead C. died D. dies11. Maryto see the films because sheit twice.A. won ' t go, saw B. won ' t go, will seeC. won ' t go, has seen D. didn' t go, sees12. Would you like some more food?Thank you. Ieno ugh.A. will have B. have had C. h

14、ave D. had13. youEn gla nd? Yes, ita beautiful coun try.A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, isC. Had, bee n to, is D.Have, gone to, is14. -youto Beiji ng?No, Ithere early next mon th.A. Have, been, haven' t, am going B. Had, been, hadn' t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven' t, was going D.

15、 Did,go, didn' t, was going15. -You sisterto London to study En glish. Is that true?-Yes , shethere for two mon ths.A. has bee n, has bee n B. will go, has goneC. gone, will be D. has gone, has bee n16. He has a computer of his own. Heit two days agoA. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought17.

16、 Where is Li Lei? HeSha nghai.A. has gone to B. has bee n to C. went to D. goes to18. Hehis homework and is now liste ning to music.A., finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing19. DavidShan ghai for more tha n three mon ths.A. came to B. has bee n to C. has bee n in D. has come to20. - Is

17、your father a Party member?-Yes, hethe party three years ago. Hea Party member for three years.A. jo in ed; has bee n B. has join ed; has bee nC. was join ed; is D. joi ned; was21. -What a nice bike! How loneyouit? -Just five weeks.A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; havi ng D. have; had22. Ithis book

18、for a weekhave to retur n it now.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept23. -your sisterin Gree n Ch ina for a long time?Yes. She joined it five years ago.A. Has; bee n B. Have; bee n C. Has; jo ined D. Have; jo ined24. -How long have youfrom the USA? -For three mon ths.A. come back B. ret

19、ur ned C. go back D. bee n back25. Ithis book for half a year.A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had26. The stude nts are sorry to hear that famous sin gerfor a year.A. has left B. has gone C. has bee n away D. has gone away27. -youyour homework yet? -Yes, Iit just now.A. Did; do; finished B. H

20、ave; done; finishedC. Have; done; have fini shed D. Will; do; finish28. The sand storm weatherin Beiji ng several times this year.A. happe n B. happe ned C. has happe ned D. have happe ned29. -How long have you bee n here? -last mon th.A. For B. Un til C. Before D. Since30. Hea cold for three days.A

21、. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught31. Jim Gree nin Ch ina for two years.A. has come B. has bee n C. has arrived D. came32. The filmfor half an hour.A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn' t begun D. began33. Where have youthese days?I have to Beiji ng with my friendsA. been ； gone B. been

22、； been C. gone; been D. gone; gone34. How long have youthis book ?A. bought B . borrowed C . had D .lent35. We have lived herefive years ago .A. when B . si nee C. before D. after36 . I have watched the game . Whenyouit ?A . have; watched B . do; watch C . did; watch D . will ; watch37 . How do you

23、like Beiji ng, Mr. Black ?Oh , Isuch a beautiful city .A . don't visit B . did n't visit C . have n't visited D . had n't visited38. Miss BrowntotheGreat Wall twice .A . have been B . has been C. have gone D . has gone39. His brother has been to Stone Forest twicehe came to Yunnan .A

24、 . after B . before C . si nee D . for40 . His grandpafor two years .A . was died B . has bee n dead C was dead D. has died41 . Have you everto Haikou ?Yes, Ithere with my family last August .A . gone; went B . been; went C . been; went to D . been; was in42. His sisterher hometown for three years.

25、She'll return next year .A . left B . has left C . has been away D . has been away from以适当形式填空I. 1already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(fini sh) his work today ?Not yet .3. you(be) to Hong Kong ?-Yes, I(be) there twice .4. you ever(eat ) chocolate sun daes ?No, n ever.5. My fatherjust

26、(come) back from work. He is tired now.6. Where ' s Li Ming ? He(go) to the teacher' s office.7. Shan ghai(be) a small tow n hun dreds of years ago. Now it(become) a largecity.8. I(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.9. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.10. -How longthe Smiths(stay)h

27、ere? - For two weeks.II. - I(see) the film“ Ch'icke n Run-Where and whe nyou(see) it?-Last week.12. Maryalready(have) her supper.13. I(not want) to see the film. I(see) it with my pare nts. We(see) it last Sun day.14. -Un cle Wang(me nd) the TV yet?-Yes, he.-Whe nheit?-Yesterday.15. you(read) to

28、day' s newspaper yet?16. Theyalready(do) their homework. But they don' tknow what(do) n ext.17. -you(see) the film last night?-No, I(see) it for several times.18. She(be) ill for three days.19. My father( buy) a book for me yesterday. Healready(pay)fifty yuan for it.20. She(n ot read) this b

29、ook before.21. you ever(travel) on a trai n before?22. -Wei Hua(come) yet?-Yes. She(come) already. She(come) just now.23. -How longyou(lear n) En glish?-For more tha n two years.24. They(live) in China since they(move) to China.句型转换(每空一词)。1.1 have been to Macau before.(改为否认句)Ibee n to Macau before.2

30、. He hasn ' t come to school because he 就划线局部提问) he come to school?3. He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线局部提问)lear ned En glish ?4. I bought a new bike just now.(用 just 改写)Ijusta new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句 )WeEn glishthree years6. He has lived here si nee 19

31、99.(就划线局部提问)hehere?7. They have already fini shed the work.否认Theythe work.8. My father got there two days ago.同义句My fatherfor two days.9. Mr. Li began to teach En glish in this school in 1999.同义句Mr. LiEn glish in this school si nee 1999.10. The factory opened ten years ago.同义句The factoryfor ten year

32、s.11. They have cleaned the room twice this week.(就划线局部提问)theythe classroom this week?12. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005.同义句My fatherEn gla nd.13. Joh n left Beiji ng three years ago.同义句JohnBeijingthree years.14. His compa ny closed in 2003.同义句His compa ny2003.15. My father bought the ca

33、r half a year ago. 同义句My fatherthe carhalf a year.16. We got to know each other for about 15 years.同义句Weeach otherabout 15 years.17. The film bega n ten minu tes ago.同义句The filmfor ten mi nu tes.18.1 borrowed this book two weeks ago.同义句Ithis book for two weeks.1、Both hispare ntslooksad.Maybetheywhat

34、'shappened to him .呼和浩特A. knewB .haveknownC .must knowD .willknow2、He hasbee ntoShan ghai,has he ?A. alreadyB .neverC .everD . still3、Have youmetMr Li?A. justB.agoC .beforeD .a mome nt:ago、单项选择。4、The famousis writ ingwriter one new book in the past two year .B .was writingC .wroteD .has written5

35、、 Our countrya lot so far .Yes.I hope itwill be evenA.haschanged ;wellB .changed;goodC.haschanged ;betterD .changed;better6、ZhaoLanalreadyin thisschoolfor twoyears .A.was ;study ingB .will ;studyC.has ;studiedD.are ;study ing7、WeXiao Li si neeshe wasa little girlA.knowB .had knownC .haveknownD .A .8

36、it twice .knewHarry willPotter is a very nice film .IB . have seenD .see9、 These farmers havebee n to the Un itedStates .Really ? Whenthere ?A .willtheygoB .did theygoC .10、dotheygo youyourD .homework yet ?have theygoneA .seeC. sawYes . Iit amome ntago .A .Did ;do ; finishedB . Have ; done;fini shed

37、C .Have;done ; havefini shedD. will ; do ; finish11、Hisfatherthe Partysince1978 .A .joi nedB . has joinedC .wasinD . hasbee nin12、Doyou know himwell ?一Sure .Wefriends ;sinceten years ago .A .wereB . have beenC .havebecomeD.havemade13、Howlong have youhere?About two mon ths .A .bee nB .goneC. comeD. a

38、rrived14、Hurryup! Theplayfortenminutes .A .hasbegunB .had begunC .hasbeen onD .bega n15、Ittenyears sincehe leftthearmy .A .isBhasC .willD. was16、 Miss Green isn't in theoffice .shetothe libraryA.has goneB . wentC .willgoDhas been17、MyparentsShandong forten years .Ahave beeninB . havebee ntoChave

39、 gonetoD . havebee n18、The studentshave clea ned theclassroom,?A.so theyB.don' theyC. have theyD. haven ' they19、has MrWhitebee na member of GreenerChina since heto China?A.Howsoon, comesB. Howoften, gotC.Howlong, cameD. Howfar, arrived20、Hisun cleformoretha n 9 years.A. has come hereB. has

40、started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university、句型转换。1、 He has never surfed, ?改成反意疑问句2、 They have been here since 2000.对划线局部提问have they bee n here?3、The old manlast year. He for a year. die动词填空4、This factory opened twenty years ago.同义句转换 This factoryfor twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an ho

41、ur ago.同义句转换Miss Gaoan hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .同义句Her motherthe Party three years .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.同义句转换 two yearsthe Gree n family moved to France.8、 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.把两个句子合并成一个句子汉译英。1、吉姆已做元作业，他现仕有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。6、他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项选择。1现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过