进出口实务双语案例

1、Chapter10InternationalPaymentandSettlement8.1Case1关于分批装运合同案情介绍：有一份合同，出售中国晶晶米10000吨，合同规定：”自2月份开始，每月装船1000吨，分10批交货”。卖方从2月份开始交货，但交至第五批大米时，大米品质发生霉变，不再适合人类食用。因而买方以此为理由，主张以后各批交货均应撤销。问题：1、上述情况，买方有无这种权利，为什么？2、若此份合同交易的是一套大型成套机械设备，如果发现第五批品质不符，买方又有无这种权利，为什么？3、若此笔交易是凭信用证方式付款，卖方第五批交货违反了交货期，买方有无这种权利，为什么？Answer:1、

2、 Thebuyerhasnorightstorequirecancellationofthefurthershipment,becauseforcontractwithpartialshipment,eachlotofshipmentshouldbeconsideredasaseparateindependentcontract,especiallywhenthecontractedproductsarethequalityofriceunderdifferentshipmentisnotinterdependent.Consideringtheinferiorqualityofthefift

3、hlot,thebuyerhastherightstolodgeaclaimforthisshipment.2、 Ifthecontractproductisasetoflargesizemachineryequipment,andthequalityofanyshipmentdoesnotmatchthecontractrequirement,thebuyernothastherightstorequirecancellationofthefurthershipment,butcanalsorequiretogetbackthealreadypaidamount,becausethequal

4、ityofeachshipmentofthemachineryequipmentisinter-related.3、 IfthepaymentismadebyL/Candthesellerviolatedthedateofdeliveryterms,thebuyermaydeclarethatstartingfromthatdate,allthefurthershipmentcanbecancelled.BecauseaccordingtoUCP600,ifonelotofthegoodsfailedtobedeliveredwithintheL/C,stipulatedofeachparti

5、alshipment,theL/Cbecomesinvalidforthislotandfurthercominglots.回答：1、买方没有这种权利。因为一个分批交货合同，各批交货都应该视为一个独立的合同，况且成交的是大米，品质没有相互依存的关系。但由于第五批大米确实品质不符，所以能就这一批提出索赔。2、若成交的是一套大型机械设备，其中一批品质违反合同，那么买方不但可以宣告从这一批开始的以后各批货物无效，而且还可以提出退回过去己交付的几批货款。因为一套大型机械设备的分批交货，各批之间的品质是相关联的。3、若凭L/C结汇，卖方违反的是交货期，那么买方可以宣告从这一批开始的以后各批均告无效。因为

6、UCP600规定信用证规定，在指定的期限分批装运，如其中一批未按信用证规定的期限装运，则信用证对该期以及以后各期均告无效。8.2Case2AChineseexporterreceivedanirrevocableL/Cfromaforeigncountry,thisL/Cwasadvisedandconfirmedbyaforeignbanklocatedinchina.TheChinesecompanyeffectedtheshipmentandwastopresentthedocumentsfornegotiation,suddenlyitwasinformedbytheforeignba

7、nkchinathattheopeningbankhaddeclaredbankruptcyandthusthatforeignbankinchinaclaimedhadnoobligationtonegotiatetheL/CortomakepaymentfortheL/C.However,itcouldhelpexportertocollectthepaymentbackdirectlyformthebuyerundertheinstructionandauthorizationoftheexporter.Question：WhatshouldtheChineseexporterdoacc

8、ordingtoyouropinion?Explainthereasonsbriefly.中国出口企业收到国外开来的不可撤销信用证一份，由设在中国境内的某外资银行通知并加保兑。中国出口企业在货物装运后，正打算将有关单据交银行议付时，通知，忽然该外资银行由于开证银行己宣布破产，该行不承担对该信用证的议付或付款责任，出口委托向买方直接收取货款的业务。但可接受中国问题：对此，你认为中方应如何处理为好？简述理由。Answer:OurChinesecompanyshoulddeliverthegoodsaccordingtothestipulationsandpresentthedocumentstot

9、hatforeignbankinchinafornegotiation.BecauseaccordingtoUniformCustomsandpracticefordocumentarycredits,oncetheL/Chasbeenconfirmed,theconfirmingbanktogetherwiththeissuingbank,becomesthefirstpayerandshoulderstheresponsibilitytoeffectpaymenttothebeneficiary,withouttheagreementformthebeneficiary,theconfir

10、mationshouldnotbecancelled.Solongasthebeneficiaryhaspresentedthequalifieddocumentstotheconfirmingbankwithinthevalidityperiod,theconfirmingbankmustmakethenegotiationorpayment.回答：中方应该按规定交货并向该保兑外资银行交单，要求付款。因为根据跟单信用证统一惯例，信用证一经保兑，保兑行与开证行同为第一付款人，对受益人就要承担保证付款的责任，未经受益人同意，该项保证不得撤销。只要受益人在信用证的有效期内将符合规定的单据递交保兑行

11、，保兑行必须议付、付款。L/C8.3Case3OurcompanywasnegotiatingasalescontractwithaJapanesecompanyonD/Patsightbasis,theJapanesecompanyrepliedthatifwecouldliketoacceptD/Pat90daysaftersightthroughacollectingbankdesignatedbytheJapanesefirm,theywouldliketoaccepttheoffer.Question:PleaseanalysethestartpointoftheJapaneseco

12、mpanytoputforwardthisrequirement.中国某公司向日本某公司以D/P见票即付方式推销某商品，对方答复：如中方接受D/P见票后90天付款，并通过他指定的A银行代收则可接受。问题：试分析日方提出此项要求的出发点是什么？Answer:TheJapanesecompanyrequiredpaymentbyD/Pat90daysaftersight,becausetheywouldliketoenjoydeferredpaymenttofacilitatethecashflow.TheydesignatedBankAascollectingbank,becausemaybei

13、twasconvenientforthemtoborrowthedocumentsfromBankAtothattheycouldrealizeeconomicbenefitatanearlydate.IngeneralusanceD/Pmodel,thecollectingbankusuallywouldnotreleasethedocumentswithoutbeingauthorized.ThisJapanesecompanyproposedtohaveBankAascollectingbank,wecouldjudgeitwasverypossiblethattheyhadestabl

14、ishedfinancingrelationsandthecompanycouldobtainthedocumentsinadvancetomakefurtheruseoftheourfund.回答：日商提出将D/P即期改为90天远期，很显然旨在推迟付款，以利其资金周转。而日商指定A银行作为该批托收业务的代收行，则是为了便于向该银行借单，以便早日获取经济利益。在一般的远期付款交单托收业务中，代收行在未经授权的情况下通常是不会轻易同意付款人借单的。该日商所以提出通过A银行代收贷款的原因，定然是该商与A银行有既定融资关系，从中可取得提前借单的便利，以达到进一步利用我方资金的目的。8.4Case4A

15、Chinesecompanyimportedsomesteelfromaforeigncompany.Thegoodsweretobeshippedintwolots,paymentwastobeeffectedbytwoirrevocablesightL/CestablishedbyBankofChina.Afterthefirstshipment,thesellerpresentedthedocumentsfornegotiationandthenegotiatingbank,aftercheckingthedocuments,effectedthepayment.LatertheBank

16、ofChinareimbursedthepaymenttothenegotiatingbank.Afterreceiptofthefirstshipment,theimporterfoundoutthatthequalityofthegoodswasnotinconformitywiththecontractstipulationsandrequiredtheopeningbanktorefusethepaymentforthesecondL/C,butwasrefusedbytheopeningbank.Question:Accordingtoyou,isitcorrectfortheope

17、ningbanktodoso?中国某公司向外国某商进口一批钢材，货物分两批装运，支付方式为不可撤销即期信用证，每批分别由中国银行开立一份信用证。第一批货物装运后，卖方在有效期内向银行交单议付，依附行审单后，即向该商议付货款，随后中国银行对议付行做了偿付。中方在收到第一批货物后，发现货物品质不符合同，因而要求开证行对第二份信用证项下的单据拒绝付款，但遭到开证行拒绝。问题：你认为开证行这样做是否合理？6Answer:Theopeningbankandtherighttorefusetherequirementoftheimporter,becausetheimporter'srequest

18、bynaturewastocanceltheL/C,whiletheirrevocableL/C,withouttheagreementofallparties,cannotbecancelled.WhenthedocumentswereinlinewiththeL/Cstipulations,theopeningbankmustmakepayment,nomatterwhetherthegoodswereinconsistentwiththecontractstipulationsornot.Whentherewasqualitydiscrepancy,theimportershouldlo

19、dgeaclaimagainsttheexporterdirectly.问题:开证行拒绝有理。因为中方要求开证行拒付，实质为撤销信用证，不可撤销信用证未经有关当事人同意不得撤销。开证行在单据相符时必须付款，不管货物是否与合同相符。有关品质不符，进口方应直接向出方索赔。8.5Case5AnexportcompanyinChinareceivedanirrevocableL/Coverseaswhichwasnotifiedandguaranteedbyanalienbank'sagencytoourcompany.Whentheexportcompanywasgoingtosubmita

20、llthedocumentstothenegotiatingbankaftertheshipment,theyreceivedanoticefromthatalienbankdeclaringthattheissuingbankoftheL/Cwentbankruptandthereforeitfailedtobearanyresponsibilitiesofpaymentornegotiationwhileneverthelessitcanacceptthesettlementissueentrustedbyustothebuyer.Question：Whatdoyouthinktocopewiththiscaseandwhy?中国出口企业收到国外开来的不可撤销信用证一份,由设在中国境内的某外资银行通知并加保兑。中国出口企业在货物装运后，正拟将有关单据交银行议付时，忽接该外资银行通知，由于开征银行已宣布破产，该行不承担对该信用证的议付或付款责任，口公司委托向买方直接收取货款的业务。但可接受中国出问题：对此，你认为中方应如何处理为好？