中考专题复习冠词导学案

1、中考专题复习冠词导学案冠词定义：冠词是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能与名词放在一起，帮助说明名词所指的人和事物。、冠词分类:分类冠词1.不定冠词a,an2.定冠词the3.零冠词考点一：不定冠词用于第一次提到的某人，某物Thisisabook.序数词前，表又一，再一”Ihavereadthebooktwice,butIwanttoreadathirdtime.这本书我已经读了两次了，但我还想读第三次。表示"“相当于oneTakethemedicinethreetimesaday.|这个药一天服三次。一|用于固定搭配havealook看一看haveacold感冒hav

2、earest休息givesbahand帮助某人afew/little一些alotof许多anumberof许多halfanhour半个小时注：中考常见以元音音素开头的单词有:Aaanapple/artist/aunt/Asiancountry/AmericangirlEeanegg/eight-year-oldboyianidea/interesting./important.Ooanorange/oldman/outgoing.Uua.useful./university/UFO/usual.anumbrella/uncle/unusual/unhappy.不规则anhour/anhones

3、tman考点二：定冠词the的基本用法说话彼此心知肚明的人或事Pleaselookatthescreen.上文已提到的人或事Ihaveadog.Thedogisverycute.世上独一无二的事物Theearthmovesaroundthesun.序数词，形容词最高级前。副词最高级前可以省。Thesecondgirlistheshortestbutruns（the）fastestofall.形容词前加the表一类人theyoung/old/rich/poor/disabled/deaf/blind/dark用于姓氏复数前TheWhitesaregoingtoclimbthemountainst

4、omorrow.怀特一家打算明天去爬山。用于乐器前Playtheguitar/piano/violin/drums用于专有名词前TheGreatWall注：定冠词的常见搭配allthetime总是alltheyearround一年至U头inthedark在黑暗里bytheway顺便说一下atthesametime与此同时attheendof在最后atthebeginningof在的开始考点三：零冠词的用法1 .名词前已有物主代词my,his等，指示代词this,that,those,these,不定代词some,any等或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。Thisismynewfriend.这是我的

5、新朋友。ThatisMary'sbook.那是玛丽的书。2 .在与by连用的交通工具前不用冠词bybus/train/bike/air乘公交车/乘火车/骑自行车/乘飞机3 .球类运动、语言、棋类游戏和学科名称前不用冠词playbadminton/basketball/volleyball/football/baseball/soccer/tennis4 .节日如果用“Festival则要加定冠词，如果用“Day则不用theSpringFestival春节NationalDay国庆节5 .有些短语中，有冠词和无冠词的区别：gotoschool上学（是学生）gototheschool到学校

6、去（不一定是生）inhospital（因病）住院inthehospital在医院里（不一定是病人）atschool在上学（是学生attheschool在学校里（不一定是学生infrontof在（外部的）前面inthefrontof在（内部的）前面nextyear明年thenextyear第二年巩固练习：一、单项选择1. Thereisbookinmybackpack.bookisveryheavy.A.a;TheB.a;AC.the;AD.the;The2. What'smatterwithyou?-Ihavefever.A.an;theB.the;/C.the;a3. Weplaye

7、dforhourinthepark.Itwasgreatfun!A.a;aB.an;/C.a;/D./;a4. ManypeoplegaveawaymuchmoneytopooraftertheearthquakeinNepal.A.theB.aC.an5. IhaveseenfilmMr.Sixandit'squiteeducationalone.A./;anB.an;aC.the;aD.the;an二、加强题在空白处填入/、a、an或the。1 .kinthiscuphasgonebad.2 .-Doyoulikeplayingfootball?-Yes

8、.ButIhaveonlybasketball.3 .Doyouknowgirlonanothersideoflake?4 .There's"u"and"s"inwork"use".5 .Shesaysanimalscant'slivewithoutair,either.6 .Hisfather,whoishonestman,isteachinginuniversity.7 .Whichisheavier,elephantorhorse?8 .coldwindwasblowingfromthenorth.9 .Heis

9、alwaysreadytohelpoldandyoung.10 .GreensaretravelinginSouthChinA.11 .Althoughmostofusliketodrinkbeer,thosewhodrinkmostareleasthealthy.12 .Xiaomeisawinterestingfilmlastnight.filmwasaboutkinddoctor.13 .Youcanhavesecondtryifyoufailfirsttime.14 .Tomwenttoschoolasusual,buthedidn'tknowhisfatherwenttosc

10、hoolforaparentmeeting.15 .knowledgebeginswithpractice.16 .-Mum,whatshallwehavefordinner?-Dumplings.-Oh,whatwonderfuldinner!Ienjoyitverymuch.17 .PLAwasfoundedonAugust1st,192718 .Kingscametousatnoon.19 .ThescientistsfromUnitedStatesliveinNinthStreet.20 .Thedoctorsaidtohim,"Takemedicinetwiceday.St

11、ayinbedandyou'llbebettersoon.一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1 .阅读理解NewYorkis3hoursaheadofCalifornia,butitdoesnotmakeCaliforniaslow,orthatNewYorkisfast.Bothareworkingbasedontheirown"TimeZone.Someonegraduatedattheageof22,yetwaited5yearsbeforefindingagoodjob!Andthereisanotherwhograduatedat27andgothiredimmediat

12、ely!SomeonebecameaCEOat25,anddiedat50.WhileanotherbecameaCEOat50,andlivedto90years.Someoneisstillsingle,whilesomeoneelsegotmarriedandwaited10yearshavingachild.Thereisanotherwhohadababywithinayearofmarriage.Obamaretires(退休)at55,butTrumpstartsat70.AbsolutelyeveryoneinthisworldworksbasedontheirTimeZone

13、.Peoplecanhavethingsworkedoutonlyaccordingtotheirpace.(步调)Peoplearoundyoumightseemtogoaheadofyou;somemightseemtobebehindyou.Buteveryoneisrunningtheirownrace,intheirowntime.Don'tenvythemorlaughatthem.TheyareintheirTIMEZONE,andyouareinyours!Lifeisaboutwaitingfortherightmomenttoact.Holdon,bestrong,

14、andstaytruetoyourself.Fightinyourtimezone.So,RELAX.You'renotLATE.You'renotEARLY.YouareverymuchONTIME,andinyourtimezonedestinysetupforyou.(1) Whenit's8:00inNewYork,whattimeisitinCalifornia?A.11:30B.5:00C.12:30D.11:00(2) Whichistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Weshouldgetmarriedearlier.B.Ifyouf

15、allbehind,youneedn'ttotryhard.C.ObamastartshisjobofpresidentatayoungeragethanTrump.D.LifeisaboutwaitingfortherightTIMEZONE(3) What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"envy"?A.观摩嬲笑C!慕D艮随(4) 4)Accordingtothepassage,ifyoudon'tdowellinyourstudynow,youshould.A.havearestandwaitB.stayinyou

16、rownTIMEZONEC.stoptohavearelax.D.workhardandwaitfortherightmoment.(5) Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttitle?D.YouAreonTimeA.TimeZoneB.WaitfortheRightMomentC.FightinYourTimeZoneC(3)C(4)D(5)C【解析】【分析】文章大意：纽约比加州早3个小时，但它不会让加州变慢，也不会让纽约跑得快。他们都是在属于自己的时区”工作。有人在25岁时成为CEO50岁去世，而有人在50岁时成为CEO,活到90岁。在这个世界上，每个人都是根据自己的时区工作

17、的，人们只能按照自己的步调来做事。所以不要羡慕你周围的人们，也不要嘲笑他们，他们在自己的时区，而你在你的时区。生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗。(1)推理计算题。根据NewYorkis3hoursaheadofCalifornia,纽约比加州早3个小时，可知当纽约是8点时加州应是83=5,所以加州应是5点，故答案选Bo(2) 推理判断题。A根据Someoneisstillsingle,whilesomeoneelsegotmarriedandwaited10yearshavingachild.Thereisanotherwhohadababywithin

18、ayearofmarriage.可知文中说了有些人单身有些人结婚，有些人等10年才有孩子，而有些人结婚一年就有了孩子，但并没有提到说我们应该早点结婚，故A选项错误。B根据Lifeisaboutwaitingfortherightmomenttoact.Holdon,bestrong,andstaytruetoyourself.Fightinyourtimezone.可知，生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗，所以并不是说你落后了，就不必努力了，故B选项错误。C根据Obamaretires(退休)at55,butTrumpstartsat70.可知，奥巴马在5

19、5岁退休，但特朗普在70岁才开始，所以说奥巴马比特朗普年轻就开始了他的总统职位是正确的，故B选项正确。D根据Lifeisaboutwaitingfortherightmomenttoact.Holdon,可知，生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，而不是等待正确的时区，故D选项错误。本题问哪一个选项是正确的，故答案选Co(3) 词义猜测题。根据上文Peoplearoundyoumightseemtogoaheadofyou;somemightseemtobebehindyou.你周围的人可能会走在你前面，有些人可能会落在你的后面，以及Don'tenvythemorlaughatthem.不要他

20、们或者嘲笑他们，可知此处是与上文对应的，对于落后你的人不要嘲笑他们，那么对于走在你前面的人也应该是不要羡慕、嫉妒"他们，故答案选a(4) 细节理解题。根据Lifeisaboutwaitingfortherightmomenttoact.Holdon,bestrong,andstaytruetoyourself.Fightinyourtimezone.生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗，可知，如果你现在学习不好，你应该努力工作，等待合适的时机，故答案选Do(5)标题归纳题。通过对整篇文章的理解可知，每个人都是根据自己的时区工作的，人们只能按照自己的

21、步调来做事。所以不要羡慕你周围的人们，也不要嘲笑他们，他们在自己的时区，而你在你的时区。所以生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗。故答案选Co【点评】阅读考题中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要有不同的解决策略。对于客观题，阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。对于主观题，不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。2.阅读理解Agirlcomplainedtoherf

22、atheraboutherhardlife.Shedidn'tknowwhatshehadtodoandwantedtogiveup.Shefelttiredoffightingandfighting.Oneproblemhadbeenfinishedbutanothercameover.Herfather,acook,tookherintothekitchen.Hepouredwaterintothreepansandboiled(煮沸)them.Afterboiling,inthefirstpanwasputsomecarrots,thesecondwasputsomeeggsan

23、dthelastwasputwithcoffee.Thegirlwaitedimpatiently(不耐烦的),confusedbywhatherfatherdid.About20minuteslater,herfathertookoutthecarrotsandputtheminabowl.Hetooktheeggsandputtheminabowl.Afterthatthecoffeewaspouredintoacup."Mysweetheartwhatdoyousee?”heasked“Carrotseggsandcoffee,“sherepliedHerfathertoldh

24、ertoclosehereyesandaskedhertotouchthecarrots.Shedidsoandfeltthatthecarrotsweresoft.Afterthatheaskedhertotaketheeggsandbreakthem.Afterpeeling(剥开)them,shegottheeggs,cookedandhard.Thelast,thefatherlethersmellthecoffee.Sheasked,“Whatdidyoudothisfor,Father?"Heexplainedthateachhadthesameunluckyexperi

25、encetheboilingwater,buteachhadadifferentresult.Thestrongandhardcarrotshadbecomesoftandweak.Thefragileeggsbecamehardafterbeingcooked.Thecoffeewasveryspecial,theycouldchangewater."Whoareyou"askedherfather“Whenbadluckknocksatyourdoor,whatisyourdecision?Areyoucarrots,eggsorcoffee?"11) The

26、girlcomplainedaboutherhardlifebecauseshedidn't.A.wanttogiveupB.finishoneproblemC.knowwhattodoD.gettiredoffighting(2)Thegirl'sfathertookhertothekitchentoA.askherhowtoboileggsB.showherhowtomakecoffeeC.teachherhowtobeacookD.tellherhowtofacedifficulties(3) 3)Afterabouttwentyminutes,thecarrotsbec

27、ame.A.softB.hardC.saltyD.sweet(4) Theunderlinedwordafragile"inthepassagemeans:"A.美味的B.易碎的C.特别的D.可怜的(5) Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thegirl'sfatherlikedtoeatsomekindsoffood.B.Badluckalwaysknocksatstrongpeople'sdoors.C.Boiledcarrots,eggsandcoffeehadthesameresult.D.Peopleshouldmake

28、rightdecisionswhenintrouble.【答案】(1)CD(3) A(4) B(5) D【解析】【分析】文章大意：一个女孩向她父亲抱怨她糟糕的生活，她不知道该怎么做而且想要放弃。她觉得一次又一次的打拼很疲惫，一件事情刚解决，又一件事接踵而至。本文讲述的是父亲用一个平常的事件给女儿讲解人生道理的故事。(1)细节理解题。女孩抱怨生活艰辛是因为她不A.wanttogiveup想放弃；B.finishoneproblem完成一个问题；C.knowwhattodo知道什么什么；D.gettiredoffighting对努力厌倦。据短文第1自然段，可知，故选C。(2)细节理解题。题意：女孩

29、的父亲把她带到厨房干什么？A.askherhowtoboileggs,问她怎样煮蛋；B.showherhowtomakecoffee教她怎样煮咖啡；C.teachherhowtobeacook,教她怎样当厨师；D.tellherhowtofacedifficulties告诉她怎样面对困难。父亲带女儿到厨房是想通过煮不同食物的事让她明天人生的道理。故选Do(3)细节理解题。题意：20分钟后，白菜变得怎样了？A.soft软；B.hard,硬；C.salty,咸；D.sweet甜。从文中可知，白菜是变软了，故选Ao(4)词义猜测题。题意：带有下划线的“fragile在短文中的意思是什么？A.美味的；

30、B.易碎的；C.特别的；D.可怜的。句意：蛋煮后变硬了。容易推测出是：易碎的。故选Bo(5)理解判断题。题意：从短文中我们可以学会什么？Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thegirl'sfatherlikedtoeatsomekindsoffood.女孩的父亲喜欢吃不同种类的食物；B.Badluckalwaysknocksatstrongpeople'sdoors.坏运总是敲响强大者的门；C.Boiledcarrots,eggsandcoffeehadthesameresult.煮胡萝卜、蛋、咖啡结果一样；D.Peopleshouldmakerig

31、htdecisionswhenintrouble.人们在处于困境时应该做出正确的决定。根据短文内容，故选Do【点评】做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。3.阅读理解Inanicehousetherelivedanoldman.Behindthehousetherewasabiggarden.Heplantedmanyplantsthere

32、.Hetookcareofhisflowersallthetime,wateringandfertilizing（施月巴）them.Onedayayoungmanwentbythegarden.Helookedatthebeautifulflowers,imagininghowhappyhecouldbeifhelivedinsuchabeautifulplace.Then,suddenlyhefoundtheoldgardenerwasblind.Hewasveryaboutthisandasked,“Youcan'tseethesWhyweesyoubusytakingcareof

33、themeveryday?Theoldmansmiledandsaid,“Icantellyoasonnae.First,IwasagardenerwhenIwasyoung,andIreallylikethisjob.Second,althoughIcan'tseetheseflowers,Icantouchthem.Third,Icansmellthesweetnessofthem.Astothelastone,that'syou.”“Me?Butyoudon'tknowme,“saidtheyoungman.“Yeah,it'truethatIdon

34、9;tknowyou.ButIknowthatflowersareangelsthateverybodyknows.Weenjoythehappinesstheseflowershavebroughtus.”Theblindman'sworkopenedoureyesandpleasedourheart,whichalsomadehislifehappier.ItwasjustlikeBeethoven,whobecamedeafinhislaterlifeandwrotemanygreatmusicalwords.Beethovenhimselfcouldn'thearhis

35、wonderfulmusic,buthismusichasencouragedmillionsofpeopletofacetheirdifficultiesbravely.Isn'titonekindofhappiness?(1) Whichisthebestwordwecanputintheblanket":inParagraph2?A.excited.B.surprised.C.worried.D.relaxed.(2) Howmanyreasonsdidtheoldmanmentioned?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Six(3) Whatwastheco

36、rrectorderinwhichtheseeventshappened?a.Theoldmanexplained.b.Theyoungmanwentbythegarden.c.Theoldmanwateredtheflowers.d.Theyoungmanfoundtheoldmanwasblind.A.b-c-a-dB.c-b-a-dC.b-c-d-aD.c-b-d-a4 4)WhoisBeethoven?A.Theyoungman.B.Theoldman.C.Agardener.D.Amusician.5 5)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheWiseY

37、oungManB.TheNiceFlowersC.TheBlindGardenerD.AKindofHappiness.【答案】(1)BB(3) D(4) D(5) D【解析】【分析】词义猜测。excited兴奋白surprised吃惊的；worried担心的；relaxed放松的。根据语境可知池突然发现老园丁是盲人”，所以他非常惊讶”，问他，你看不见这些花儿，为什么每天照顾他们。”故选Bo细节理解。根据文章中老人的话Third,Icansmellthesweetnessofthem.Astothelastone,that'syou可知老人一共列出了四个理由，故选B。细节理解。根据文章

38、描述可知，老人在浇花儿，一个年轻人经过，发现老人是盲人，他感到好奇，问老人原因，老人做出解释，故选Do推理判断。根据最后段Beethovenhimselfcouldn'thearhiswonderfulmusic,buthismusichasencouragedmillionsofpeopletofacetheirdifficultiesbravely.可知贝多芬是位音乐家。故选D。主旨大意。本文通过一位年轻人与失明的园丁的对话折射出一个道理，给别人带来快乐也是一种快乐。故选D。【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。4.阅读理解In

39、thesummerbetweenmyfirstyearandsecondyearincollege,Iwasinvitedtobeaninstructor(辅导员)atahighschoolcamp.Onthefirstday,whenweweredancingandplayinggames,Inoticedaboyunderthetreewhowassmallandthin.Hisshynessmadehimappearweak.Iwalkedtowardshim,introducedmyselfandinvitedhimtojoinintheactivitiesandmeetsomenew

40、people.Hequietlyreplied,"No,Ireallydon'twanttodothis."IcouldunderstandthathewasinanewworldbutIknewitwouldn'tberighttoforcehimeither.Actually,theboydidn'tneedaclosetalkbutafriend.Atlunchthenextday,IwasleadingcampsongswhenIsawtheboyunderthetreesittingalone.Itriedagainwiththesamei

41、nvitation,butherefusedonceagain.ThateveningIwastoldtheboy'snamewasTommy.ThenIaskedthecamperstopayspecialattentiontotheboyandspendtimewithhimwhentheycould.Thedayswentbyandthetimecamewhenwehadtoleave.Weheldabig,warmpartytocelebratetheclosingofthecamp.Allthecamperssharedtheirwonderfulmoments.Tomysu

42、rprise,Ifoundtheboyfromunderthetreedancingjoyfullywithtwogirls.Icouldn'tbelieveitwasthesameperson.InOctoberofmysecondyear,IreceivedaphonecallfromTommy'smother.ShetoldmethatTommywashitbyacaranddied.Iofferedmydeepsadness.Themothersaid,"Tommymentionedyousomanytimes.Iwantyoutoknowthathewent

43、backtoschoolandmadenewfriendswithconfidence.YoumadeadifferencetoTommyduringhislastmonths."Atthatmoment,Irealizedhoweasyitwastogiveabitofyourselfeveryday.Youmayneverknowhowmucheachgesturemaymeantosomeoneelse.Ihopethateveryonecanpayattentiontohisown"boyunderthetree".(1) Beforethewriterc

44、ametothehighschoolsummercamp,hewasa(n).A.instructorB.camperC.studentD.reporter(2) Howmanytimesdidthewriterinvitetheboytojoinintheactivities?A.Once.B.Twice.C.Threetimes.D.Manytimes.(3) WhichistheCORRECTorderaboutthestory? Theboydancedjoyfullywithtwogirls. Theboywentbacktoschoolandmadenewfriends. Theb

45、oyrefusedtojoinintheactivities. Theboy'smothermadeaphonecalltothewriter.A.B.C.D.(4) FromParagraph4,wecaninferthatTommy'smotherwasverytothewriter.A.thankfulB.helpfulC.faithfulD.harmful【答案】(1)CB(3) C(4) A【解析】【分析】本文讲述了作者曾给一个男孩精神上的帮助，让大家指代每天给自己一点自信是多么容易。(1) 推理题。根据Inthesummerbetweenmyfirstyearand

46、secondyearincollege,Iwasinvitedtobeaninstructor(辅导员)atahighschoolcamp在大学一年级和二年级之间的那个夏天，我被邀请去当一名教师(辅导员)在一个高中营地可知，在作家来到高中夏令营之前，他是名学生，故选Q(2) 细节题。根据invitedhimtojoinintheactivities和Itriedagainwiththesameinvitation可知，作者邀请这个男孩参加了2次活动，故选Bo(3)细节题。根据全文描述可知最初男孩拒绝参加活动，后来男孩和两个女孩快乐地跳舞，这个男孩回到学校，交了新朋友，男孩的母亲给作家打了一个电

47、话，故是C选项的排序是正确的，故选Q(4)推理题。根据Tommymentionedyousomanytimes.Iwantyoutoknowthathewentbacktoschoolandmadenewfriendswithconfidence.YoumadeadifferencetoTommyduringhislastmonths汤米多次提到你。我想让你知道，他回到学校，自信地交了新朋友。在汤米的最后几个月里，你改变了他可知，汤米的母亲对作家很感谢，故选Ao【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。5.阅读理解When

48、hewassmall,Hillwasafamousbadboy.Attheageof9,hisfathermarriedhisstepmother.Atthattimetheylivedpoorlyinthecountrysidewhilehisstepmotherwasfromawealthyfamily.HisfatherintroducedHilltohisstepmotherashesaid,"Dear,Ihopeyounoticeintheentireshirethisistheworstboy,whohasmademehavenootherway.Maybebeforet

49、omorrowmorninghewillthrowastoneatyou,ordoabadthingyouwillneverimagine.ToHill'ssurprise,hisstepmotherwentuptohimwithasmile,helduphisheadandlookedathimcarefully.Shethenturnedaroundtotellherhusband,"You'rewrong.Heisnottheworstboyintheentireshire,butthecleverestandmostcreativeboy.Onlyhedoes

50、n'tfindaplacetoshowhimself."Hisstepmother'swordswarmedhisheart,hiseyesfulloftears.Withthis,hestartedbuildingfriendshipwithhisstepmother.Andthisbecamethedriveofhislife,makinghimcreate28successfulgoldenrules,whichhelpedtensofthousandsofordinarypeoplewalkontheroadtosuccess.Beforehisstepmothercame,noonepraisedhimsmart,andhisfatherandneighboursconsideredhimasabadboy.However,hisstepmother'swordschangedhislife.WhenHillwas14yearsold,hisstepmotherboughthimausedt