中考动词的时态语法

1、中考动词的时态语法、动词的八中时态时态用法示例一般现在时（结构：主语+be动词aam/is/are）+其他/主语+实义动词原型/第三人称单数形式+其他）1、表示经常性动作或习惯性动作或者状态，常见的时间标志词有often;sometimes；usually;always;onSunday;everyday等IlistentoEnglishnewseveryday.2、表示普遍真理、客观存在或科学事实Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.3、在时间、条件状语从句当中为主将从现Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgotothepark.一般过去式（结构：主语+

2、be动词（was/were）+其他/主语+实义动词过去式+其他）1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的某种状态，常见的标志词有yesterday;justnow;twodaysago;lastnight,theotherday;thismorningOurfamilywenttoGuangzhoulastyear.2、表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always;usually;often;sometimes;never等频度副词连用Wheniwasalittlegirl,ioftenplayedthepianoafterschool.3、有些句子没有明确表示过去时间的状语，但

3、实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，应当用一般过去式Whatwasthefinalscore?（说话的时候比分已经出来）Ileftmybookinthelab.一般将来时（结构：主语+will/shall+动词原型+其他；主语+begoingto+动词原型+其他）1、表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常见的时间标志词有tonight,tomorrow,inthefuture,soon,nextweek等Theywillleaveforshanghainextweek.2、主语为I,wete,般用Whereshallwemeetshall征求思见tomorrow?3、祈使句+and/

4、or+含有将来时的句子Workhard,andyouwillsucceed.4、begoingtodo表小计戈L打算做，表示意愿时只能用willWhatareyougoingtodotomorrow?5、begoingtodo忌为马上做某事Heisabouttoleaveforbeijing.6、有些句子没有明确表示将来的时间状语，但是实际上是指将要发生的动作或者情况，应当用一般现在时Wehavenomorevegetableinthefridge.Iwillgoandbuysome.7、进行时态表示将来，这些词有go;come;leave;stayIamcoming.现在进行时（结构：主语+

5、am/is/are+v-ing形式）1、表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的动作.句中往往后now;atthemoment等时间状语或者有look、listen等提示词Hurryup!Otherclassmatesarewaitingforusnow.2、习惯进行，表示长期的或者重复性的动作，说话时动作未必进行Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.3、表不渐变的动词有get;grow;become;turn;run;go;begin等Theleavesareturningred.Itsgettingwarmerandwarmer.4、有些句子没有明确表示现在进行时的时间状

6、语，但是实际上是指动作现在正在发生，应当用现在进行时Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Canyouopenit?过去进行时（结构：was/weredoing）1表小过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，在句中常常包含atthattime;thistimeIwasdoingsomereadingthistimeyesterday.yesterday,at7:00lastnight;atthatmoment等时间状语，有点则是通过上卜文语境暗示某动作在过去的某个时刻止在进行现在完成时（结构：主语+has/have+动词的过去分词）1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影口何或者结果

7、，常与already（用于肯定的完成时态，用于疑问句表不惊讶），yet（用在否定句或者疑问句当中，表示尚未），just;ever;sofar;before等词连用Youhavealreadygrownmuchtaller.2、表示发生在过去的动作延续到现在，并可能继续进行下去，常与表示一段时间的状语连用（如for+时间段或since+时间点/从句）IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.3、有些句子当中没有明确的现在完成时态的时间状语，但是时间上是指动作现在已经完成并造成一定的影响，应当用现在完成时态Ourteamhasgotanotherpoint.Iamsurew

8、e'llwinthegame.4、延续性动词与非延续性动词：buy-have;borrow-keep；open-beopen;close-beclose;begin/start-beon;come-behere;go/leave-beaway;finish-beover;die-bedead;catchacold-haveacold;puton-wear;getup-beup;wakeup-beawake;join-beinfallasleep-beasleep;arrive/reach-be过去完成时态（构成：had1、用于宾语从句当中，主句done）为过去时态，从句当中的现在完成时

9、态父成过去完成时态2、使用过去完成时的动作发生在该过去动作之前。时间状语为bylastweek;bytheendoflastyear过去将来时（构成：woulddo;was/weregoingtodo）1、宾语从句当中，主句过去式，从句将来时变成过去将来时,时间状语为nextday等2、曾经打算做was/weregoingtodo二、怎样确定时态1、根据时间状语特定的时间状语往往标志着特定的时态，如ourteam(win)twocompetitionslastterm.根据时间状语lastterm可知赢得比赛这个动作发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，所以填won。2、利用上下文语境判断句子的时态河

10、北省绝大数情况下，动词的时态是由上下文的语境来决定的，如thedress(feel)smoothandsoft.首先分析语境：这条裙子摸起来既光滑又柔软，再根据句意以及汉语的习惯可知此处用一般现在时。3、在复合句当中根据时态确定时态(1)主将从现原则，如果主句是一般现在时，从句是由when、after、before、notuntil,assoonas等引导时间状语从句或者由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句，那么从句谓语动词用一般现在时表示将来(2)时态一致原则(3)在主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示两个动作都发生在过去，那么延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时，通常在

11、when引导的时间状语从句中出现如：Itomyfriendsonthephonewhenheknockedatthedoor.When弓I导的时间状语从句的时态为一般现在时态，且knocked为短暂性动词，主句表示延续性的谓语动词应用过去进行时(4)当主句的谓语动词的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时态时，后面所跟的宾语从句中谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，可以根据具体情况选用合适的时态。4、根据固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系确定时态(1)在祈使句+and/or+陈述句句型中，陈述句中一般将来时，即“will+动词原型(2)在this/that/itisthefirsttimethat

12、.句型当中，that引导的从句用现在完成时。若is改为was就用过去完成时态，有时以上结构可以换成second,third等，其中的time也可以换成其他名词如：thisisthefirsttimethatI(havewatched)abaseballgame.”5、根据特定动词时态的对应关系确定时态，如look使用现在进行时一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1 .阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。CIntheoldtimes,therewasaking.Hehadaverybeautifulgarden.Inthegarden,therewasatreewithgo

13、ldenapplesonit.Butoneday,oneoftheappleswasmissing.Thekingdecidedtoorderapersontokeepwatchingthetreeatnight.Thekinghadthreesons.Hedecidedtosendtheeldestonetowatchthetree.Butinthemiddleofthenight,theeldestsonfellasleep.Thenextmorning,anotherapplewasmissing.Thesecondnight,thekingsentthesecondeldestson.

14、Butthesecondeldestsonalsofellasleepatmidnight.Andanotherapplewasmissingthenextmorning.Thethirdnight,thekingsenthisyoungestson.Theyoungestsonkeptwatchingthetree.Attwelveo'clock,hesawabird.Itwasagoldenbird.Itpickedanappleandflewaway,butitleftagoldenfeather.Theyoungestsonpickeditup,andthenextmornin

15、g,hetookittotheking.Hetoldhisfatherwhathehadseenatnight.Hearingthis,thekingwasveryhappy.Heorderedhisyoungestsontoguardthetreeeverynight.Hewantedhimtocatchthebird.However,intheend,theycouldn'tcatchthebirdandallthegoldenapplesonthetreeweretakenawaybythegoldenbird.(1) Beforethethirdnight,howmanyapp

16、leshavebeenmissing?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four(2) WhatcanweknowfromParagraph4?A. Itwasabirdthatstoletheapples.B. Theyoungestsonfellasleepattwelveo'clock.C. Theyoungestsontriedtocatchthegoldenbirdbutfailed.D. Thekingaskedtheyoungestsontobringthegoldenfeathertohim.(3) Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytal

17、kabout?A. Thekingwasveryangrywiththebird.B. Theyoungestsonwasverybusyeverynight.C. Thekingwantedhisyoungestsontocatchthebird.D. Theyoungestsondidn'tcatchthebirdandlostalloftheapples.(4) What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A. Don'tbelazywhenyouareworking.B. Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.C. Don&

18、#39;tgiveupthewholeforestbecauseofonetree.D. Abadbeginningmaycauseabadending.【答案】(1)CA(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】短文大意：国王发现自己的金苹果树丢了个金苹果，于是派出了自己的三个儿子去看守，前两晚因为两个儿子半夜睡着了，两个苹果丢了，第三晚，最小的儿子发现了是一只金鸟偷了一个苹果，但是也留下了一根金色的羽毛，国王获知后，他想抓住这只鸟，但结果是所有的苹果都被鸟儿带走了。(1)细节理解题。第三晚前总共丢失了三个苹果，故选Q(2)细节理解题。从Itwasagoldenbird.Itpickedanapp

19、leandflewaway可知苹果是金色的鸟儿偷走的，故选Ao(3)细节理解题。从intheend,theycouldn'tcatchthebirdandallthegoldenapplesonthetreeweretakenawaybythegoldenbird.可知选D。(4)主旨概括题。国王因为想要金色鸟儿而丢失了树上的所有苹果，得不尝试。故C不要因为一棵树而放弃整个森林”。答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力,中寻找答案。2.阅读理解Inanicehousetherelivedanoldman.Behindthehousetherewa

20、sabiggarden.Heplantedmanyplantsthere.Hetookcareofhisflowersallthetime,wateringandfertilizing(施月巴)them.Onedayayoungmanwentbythegarden.Helookedatthebeautifulflowers,imagininghowhappyhecouldbeifhelivedinsuchabeautifulplace.Then,suddenlyhefoundtheoldgardenerwasblind.Hewasveryaboutthisandasked,can'ts

21、eetheYouflowers.Whyareyoubusytakingcareofthemeveryday?"Theoldmansmiledandsaid,“Icantellycreasone.First,IwasagardenerwhenIwasyoung,andIreallylikethisjob.Second,althoughIcan'tseetheseflowers,Icantouchthem.Third,Icansmellthesweetnessofthem.Astothelastone,that'syou.”mMe?Butyoudon'tknowm

22、e,"saidtheyoungman.“Yeahjt'struethatIdon'tknowyou.ButIknowthatflowersareangelsthateverybodyknows.Weenjoythehappinesstheseflowershavebroughtus.”Theblindman'sworkopenedoureyesandpleasedourheart,whichalsomadehislifehappier.ItwasjustlikeBeethoven,whobecamedeafinhislaterlifeandwrotemanyg

23、reatmusicalwords.Beethovenhimselfcouldn'thearhiswonderfulmusic,buthismusichasencouragedmillionsofpeopletofacetheirdifficultiesbravely.Isn'titonekindofhappiness?(1) Whichisthebestwordwecanputintheblanket":inParagraph2A.excited.B.surprised.C.worried.D.relaxed.(2) Howmanyreasonsdidtheoldma

24、nmentioned?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Six(3) Whatwasthecorrectorderinwhichtheseeventshappened?a.Theoldmanexplained.b.Theyoungmanwentbythegarden.c.Theoldmanwateredtheflowers.d.Theyoungmanfoundtheoldmanwasblind.A.b-c-a-dB.c-b-a-dC.b-c-d-aD.c-b-d-a(4) WhoisBeethoven?C.Agardener.D.Amusician.A.TheWiseYoungManC

25、.TheBlindGardener【答案】（1）BB.TheNiceFlowersD.AKindofHappiness.A.Theyoungman.B.Theoldman.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?B(3) D(4) DD【解析】【分析】词义猜测。excited兴奋的；surprised吃惊的；worried担心的；relaxed放松的。根据语境可知他突然发现老园丁是盲人”，所以他非常惊讶”，问他，你看不见这些花儿，为什么每天照顾他们。”故选Bo细节理解。根据文章中老人的话Third,Icansmellthesweetnessofthem.Astothelast

26、one,that'syou可知老人一共列出了四个理由，故选B。细节理解。根据文章描述可知，老人在浇花儿，一个年轻人经过，发现老人是盲人，他感到好奇，问老人原因，老人做出解释，故选Do推理判断。根据最后段Beethovenhimselfcouldn'thearhiswonderfulmusic,buthismusichasencouragedmillionsofpeopletofacetheirdifficultiesbravely.可知贝多芬是位音乐家。故选D。主旨大意。本文通过一位年轻人与失明的园丁的对话折射出一个道理，给别人带来快乐也是一种快乐。故选Do【点评】考查对篇章的

27、把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。3.根据短文内容，判断正误。Iwas15monthsold,ahappyandcarefreekid,untilthedayIfell.Itwasabadfall.Ilandedonapieceofglassthatcutmyeyebadly.Fromthenon,myinjured,sightless,cloudygrayeyelivedonwithme.Sometimespeopleaskedmeembarrassing(使人难堪的)questions.Wheneverkidsplayedgames,Iwasthe&q

28、uot;monster".Iwasalwaysimaginingthateveryonelookeddownon(瞧不起)me.Yetmumwouldsaytome,"Holdyourheaduphighandfacetheworld."Ibegantodependonthatsaying.Asachild,Ithoughtmummeant,"Becareful,oryouwillfalldownorbumpintosomethingbecauseyouarenotlooking."Asateenager,Iusuallylookeddownt

29、ohidemyshame.ButIfoundthatwhenIheldmyheaduphigh,peoplelikedme.Inhighschool,Ievenbecametheclasspresident,butinsideIstillfeltlikeamonster.AllIreallywantedwastolooklikeeveryoneelse.Whenthingsgotreallybad,Iwouldcrytomymumandshewouldlookatmewithlovingeyesandsay,"Holdyourheaduphighandfacetheworld.Let

30、themseethebeautythatisinsideinsteadofyourappearance(夕卜貌)."Mymum'slovewasthesunshinethatmademebright.Ihadfacedhardtimes,andlearnednotonlytobeconfident(自信的)butalsotohavedeepcompassion(同情)forothers."Holdyourheaduphigh"hasbeenheardmanytimesinmyhome.Isayittomychildren.Thegiftmymumgavem

31、ewillliveon.(1) Thewriterimaginedthateveryonelookeddownonherbecauseofherappearance.(2) Peoplealwaysaskedherembarrassingquestions.(3) Thewriter'smumsaid"Holdyourheaduphigh"tohertomakehermoreconfident.(4) Thewriterunderstoodthesayingverywellasachild.(5) Thewriterislivingwithawarmandbrave

32、heartnow.【答案】(1)10(3) 1(4) 01【解析】【分析】本文讲了作者小时候因眼睛受伤导致外貌变丑而心情低落，在妈妈的帮助之下改变自己并变得自信的故事。(1)细节理解题。根据第二段Wheneverkidsplayedgames,Iwasthe"monster".Iwasalwaysimaginingthateveryonelookeddownonme,可知作者总是想象每个人会因为她的外貌而瞧不起她，故答案为正确。(2) 细节理解题。根据第二段Sometimespeopleaskedmeembarrassingquestions,可知有时候人们会问使人难堪的的

33、问题，而always意为总是，故答案为错误。(3)细节理解题。根据最后一段Mymum'slovewasthesunshinethatmademebright.Ihadfacedhardtimes,andlearnednotonlytobeconfidentbutalsotohavedeepcompassionforothers,妈妈的爱是照亮我的阳光，我面对困难，不仅学会了自信而且学会了深切的同情别人，可知妈妈让作者抬头是为了让她更自信，故答案为正确。(4)细节理解题。根据第二段Asachild,Ithoughtmummeant,"Becareful,oryouwillfal

34、ldownorbumpintosomethingbecauseyouarenotlooking."小时候，我认为妈妈的意思是：要小心，否则你会摔倒或者碰到什么东西因为你没有在看路，可知作者小时候不理解这句谚语，故答案为错误。55)细节理解题。根据最后一段"Holdyourheaduphigh"hasbeenheardmanytimesinmyhome.Isayittomychildren.Thegiftmymumgavemewillliveon,拾起你的头”这句话在我家听到过很多次，我也跟我的孩子们说，我妈妈给我的礼物将会永存，可知作者现在带着一颗温暖并勇敢的心生

35、活，故答案为正确。【点评】考查阅读理解，注意理解文章大意，根据题目去文章找到对应的信息，进行理解判断。4.阅读理解Earlierthisyear,Chinaachievedanewmilestone（里程碑）inspaceresearch.OnJanuary3,2019,Chang'e-4becamethefirstlunarprobe（月球探测器）inhistorytosuccessfullylandonthefarsideofthemoon.TheEarth'sgravity（重力）slowsthemoon'srotation（自转）,matchingittothe

36、speedofitsorbit（公转）.Therefore,thefarsideofthemoonisalmost"dark"andhasneverbeenseen.It'sthissenseoftheunknownthatmakesthefarsideofthemoonsuchaninterestingplaceforscientificandspaceresearch.Beingblownbysolar（太阳的）winds,thefarsidemayhavethespecialminerals（矿物质）.Forthisreason,Chang'e-4wi

37、llstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft.Chang'e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon.Ifitis,thenthemoonwillbecomeapossiblechoiceforspacetravelinthefuture.However,researchofthe"dark"sideisn'teasy

38、.Asthefarsideisblocked（阻断）offfromus,radionoisecomingoffEarthisalsoblocked.ThisiswhyChina'srelaysatellite（中继卫星）QueqiaowassentupinMay,2018.ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved.Powersupply(电源供应)isalsoachallengetothetask.Chang'e-4getsenergyfromthes

39、unthroughitssolarpanels.Asweknow,alunardayhasthelength(长度)of28Earthdays.AfterChang'e-4wassentuponDecember8,2018,ittooktheprobeover20daystoorbitthemoontobeinapositiontobeabletolandinmoondaylightanduseitssolarpanels.Luckily,everythinggoeswell,Chang'e-4hasworkedonthe"dark"sideforover5

40、months.Ithassentbackmanyphotosofthefarsideofthemoonandhasbeenusedtocarryoutsomescientificexperiments.TheNewYorkTimesusedtheword"groundbreaking"topraisethetaskandwrotethat"itwillofferhelptothehistoryanddevelopmentofthemoon".(1) WhenwasChang'e-4sentup?A. InMay,2018.B. OnDecembe

41、r8,2018.C. OnJanuary3,2019.D. Thepassagedoesn'ttellus.(2) ThemaintasksofChang'e-4don'tinclude.A. studyingiflifeispossibleonthemoonB. studyingtheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceC. solvingthecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandotherprobesD. researchinganymineralfoundbythespacecraft(3) Th

42、emeaningoftheunderlinedword"groundbreaking"inthelastparagraphistheclosesttoA.harmfulB.unpredictableC.riskyD.pioneering(4) Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A. Chang'e-4hassentbackmanyphotosofthefarsideofthemoon.B. Alunardayhasthelengthof28Earthdays.C. China&#

43、39;srelaysatelliteQueqiaowassentupinordertoofferpowersupplytoprobes.D. Chang'e-4isthefirstlunarprobeinhistorythathassuccessfullylandedonthe"dark"sideofthemoon.【答案】(1)BC(3) D【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了中国的嫦娥四号月球探测器，为我们讲述了嫦娥四号升空时间，什么时候在月球背面着陆，如何跟地球进行通讯联系等等。11)细节理解题，根据AfterChang'e-4wassentuponD

44、ecember8,可知，嫦娥四号是在2018年12月8号发射升空的，故答案是B。(2)细节理解题，根据Forthisreason,Chang'e-4willstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft.Chang'e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon.可知，嫦娥四号的人物包括研究月球表面的太阳风的影响，寻找矿物质，携带花种、土豆和蚕卵看

45、，他们是否恩能够在月球成活，不包括解决地球与月球的通讯问题，故答案是Q(3)细节理解题，groundbreaking的一是是开创性的，A.有伤害的；B.难以预料的；C.冒险的，D先锋，故答案是Do(4) 正误判断题，根据ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved.可知鹊桥中继卫星的发射是微利解决通讯问题，故答案是Co【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题和正误判断题，细节理解题一般可知直接在文中找到答案，正误判断题也是细节理解题的一种，也是基于短文内容进行判断的。

46、5.阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ManypeopleliketowatchTV.WatchingTVisoneofthemostimportantactivitiesoftheday.TVbringstheoutsideworldclosertopeople'shomes.SomepeoplesaytheworldissmallerthanbeforebecauseofTV.What'sgoingoninothercountries?Howdopeopleliveinplacesfaraway?Isthereagoodsportsgames

47、omewhere?What'slifelikeinthedeepestpartofthesea?Ifyouwanttoanswertheseandotherkindsofquestions,justturnontheTV.Turnitonandwatch.Youcanseealotandlearnalot.Ofcourse,peoplecanalsolearnthroughreadingorlisteningtotheradio.ButwithTVtheycanlearnbetterandmoreeasily.Why?Becausetheycanhearandseetoo.TVhelpstoopenoureyes.TValsohelpstoopenourminds.TVofte