英语16大时态及8种被动语态

1、实用标准文档动词的时态在英语中，由于谓语动作发生的时间不同，或表达不同时间存在的状态，谓语动词都要发生相应的 变化.这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态.英语动词的时态共有16种，列表如下：（以动词write为例）被动语态的构成进行完成完成进行现在write writesam x is areJwritinghas、have _卜writtenhashavjbeen writing过去wrotewas、were 1writtinghad writtenhad been writing将来shallIwrite will Jshallwill,e writingshallwill have writt

2、enshall -will ,|have been writing过去将来shouldwrite would Jshouldwould卜 writingshouldhave written wouldJrshouldhave been writing would进行完成现在am isareqaughtam is are 1>being taughthas 、xbeen taught have /过去wasFwere .taughtwas werebeing taughthad been taught将来shall i will Jbe taught过去将来shouldwould卜 tau

3、ght被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来.构成被动语态的一般疑问何时，须 将第一个助动词移至主语之前，构成被动语态的否定何时，助动词后须加not.各个时态的被动形 式列表如下：（以动词teach为例）英语被动语态讲解语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态； 主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：They built the bridge.The bridge was built by them.（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由 助动词b

4、e +及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表 现出来的。歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。情态动词的被动语态是常考白一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词（三）被动语态的用法1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于 1981 年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈

5、克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天 8 小时睡眠必须得至U保证。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后 过分”来使用。（1）通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词 by的宾语（若动作的执行者没有必要 说明则

6、可以省略该by短语）。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year.f The tree was planted by Li Lei lastlyeS尾李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha. f The machines were made in ChangshW 是长 沙造的。（2）将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语 则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：He painted the door green yesterday.了。fThe doorpainted green ye

7、sterday.昨天门被漆成绿色注意： 表示 使、让”的动词 make, have等， 以及感官动词 see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to要省略，而变为被动语 态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：I saw him go into the teachers ' office.seen4oH© wao the teachers ' office.看见他进入了教师办公室。（3）带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语

8、，而在间接宾语前 加to或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：He gave me the pen last year. f I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me 逾st year. 支笔是去年给我的。【说明】一般说来，问接宾语前带 to 的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, whte, throw 等；间接宾语前带 for 的动词

9、有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save 等。（4） 动词 believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think的被动语态， 常有两 种结构形式。如：He was said to get hurt in the car accident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。It was said that he got hurt in the car accident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。（5）短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：She has

10、never been operated on beforeft 从未动过手术。The baby was looked after by her sister.这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。His plan was laughed at by everyone.他的计戈 U大家者 B 嘲笑。（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把 to do变成to be done（五）不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, c

11、ome true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。（错）The price has been risen.（对）The price has risen.（错）The accident was happened last week.（对）The accident happened last week.（错）The price has rais

12、ed.（对）The price has been raised.（错）Please seat.（对）Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take

13、 part in, walk into, belong toThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3） 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn .It sounds good.4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, life

14、.She dreamed a bad dream last night.5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。（对）She likes to swim.（错）To swim is liked by her.二、复习时需要注意的要点文案大全实用标准文档(1)由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。(2)主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。

15、(3)在短语see sb. do sth.中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上 to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hea等，以及使役动词make, let等。各种时态的被动语态举例1. 一般现在时(am/ is/ are +donEnglish is spoken by lots of people in the world.世界上的许多人都说英语。Class meeting is held every Thursday.每周四者 B 举行班会。The classroom is cleaned by the students every da

16、殍生们每天者6 打扫教室。2. 一般过去时(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。He was saved at last.他最终获救了。My bike was stolen.我的自行车被偷了。3. 一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A speech will be given this afternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。A new road will be built next year.明年要修一条新马路。I thought tho

17、usands of people would be helped.我认为将有数千人得到帮助。4. 现在进行时与过去进行时 (am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday天这时，机器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now.问题正在被讨论。A bus is being pushed by the passenger昭人正在推辆公共汽车。5. 现在完成时(have/ has been + done)Two

18、 hundred trees have been planted by now.U现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。The book has been read many times by mefi 本书已经被我读了 许多遍了。Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict.在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。6. 过去完成时(had been+done)They said they had been invited to the party 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。She found the house had been dest

19、royed by the stornm4发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了第三节巩固练习I .把下列主动语态改为被动语态：1. We often use a recorder in our English class.2. They will show a new film next week.3. When did they build the house?4. I saw the boy enter the room.5. Will t

20、hey show a new film next week?6. Have they posted the letter yet?7. We often see him help his classmate.8. You must turn off the light before you go to be.d9. Who is repairing the bike?实用标准文档10. The student should learn all the texts by heart.n .选择填空：1. The reading room yesterday afternoon.A. cleane

21、d B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned2. The workers were made ten hours a day.A. work B. to work C. working D. worked3. Food in a cool place in summer.A. must keep B. mustn ' t keeC. must be kept D. mustn ' t be kept4. His father to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.A. sent B. was sent

22、C. has sent D. has been sent5. The pen well.A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing6. Great changes in the town since 1988.A. have taken place B. have been taken placeC. has taken place D. has been taken place7. Our compositions must next Monday.A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D

23、. be handing in8. The child will back to his parents next month.A. sentB. sendC. be sent D. be sending9. his work yet?A. have - been finished B. has - been finishedC. has - finished D. have - finished10. The classroom nowA. is cleaningB. is being cleaningC. is being cleaned D. is cleaned田.用适当时态和语态的动

24、词填空：1. Can he(speak) English?2. What language(speak) in that country?3. The film(show) many times since last Sunday.4. These TV sets(make) in SiChuan.5. It has got so dark. Would you please(turn) on the light?6. A new hospital(build) in this area now.7. the book(return).8. Rice(grow) in the south.9.

25、 The window(not break) by the boy.10.1 (tell) he(not come) just now.答案I、1. A recorder is often used in our English class.2. A new film will be shown by then next week.3. When was the house built by them?4. The boy was seen to enter the room.5. Will a new film be shown by them next week?7. He is ofte

26、n seen to help his classmate.文案大全实用标准文档8. The light must be turned off before you go to bed.9. Who is the bike being repaired by?(By whom is the bike being repaired?)10. All the texts should be learned by heart by the students.11.1.D2.B3.C4.B5.A6.A7.B8.C9.B10.CIII、1. speak 2 is spoken 3. has been sh

27、own4. are made7. Has returned10. was told被动语态练习题5. turn6. is being built8. is grown 9. wasn ' t broken didn ' t come)1.Do you often clean your classroom?Yes. Our classroom every day.A.clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning)2.A talk on developments in science and technology in the school h

28、all next week.A. given B.will be given C.has been given D.giveA. will be publishedC. is being published )4Did you go to Jack A.am not invited B.)3.His new book next month.B. is publishingD. has been published's birthday paMo?.一wasn ' t invited C.haven ' t invited D.didn ' t invite)5.

29、Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack?When your homework,you can.A. is done B.was done C.does D.did)6.Twentyyear olds should notto drive in China.A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed.)7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what.A.would happen B.had happened C.happened D.

30、was happened.)8.The book Businessthe Speed of Thought in 1999.A.writes B.is written C.wrote D.was written.)9.Trees and flowers_every year to make our country more beautiful.Good Will Ambassadors(大使 for ShangA.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted.)10.China ' s sports stars Yao Mi

31、ng and Liu Xiang hai.A.has been named B.have been named C.has named D.have named.)11.The earth is our home.It well.A.must be protected B.should protect C.need protect D.should protected. )12.In recent years, many children are made what they are not.A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;inter

32、ested D.do;interested. )13.a new library in your school last year?A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;built )14.An accident on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened )15.Cotten in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grown C.grows )16.So far, the moon by man already.D.Did;built.C.is hap

33、pened D.happened.D.grow.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited. 文案大全实用标准文档( )17.How many trees this year?A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted.()18.A lot of things by people to save the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be

34、 done.()19.Neither of them in ChinaA.is made B.are made C.were made D.made. ( )20.Look! A nice picture for our teacher.A. is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws.( )21.Your shoes.You need a new pair.A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn. ()22.The doctor for yet.A.isn ' t se

35、nt B.hasn ' t been sent C.won' t be sent D.wasn' t sent. ( )23When this kind of computer? Last year.A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used()24.The Great Wall_about all over the world.A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known. ()25.Iin summer.A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born.(

36、)26.He says that Mr Zhang to the factory next week.A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent. ()27.Who this book_?A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D.was;written ( )28.Mary show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ()29. A story _ by Granny yester

37、day.A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us()30.The monkey was seen out of the tree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump参考答案 15CBABA 610CBDCB 1115AABDA 1620CCBAB 2125cBBCB 2630DBBBD单项选择1()1 The People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was

38、found ( )2 English in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( )3 This English song by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sangC. is often sang D. is often sung ( )4 This kind of car in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( )5 New computers all over the world.

39、A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used 2 ( )1 Our room must clean.文案大全实用标准文档A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ()2 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry.A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold ( )3 A new house at the corner of the road.A. i

40、s building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( )4 The keyon the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( )5 Doctors in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 3()1 Japanese in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoke

41、n C. is speaking D. is not speaking()2 These papersyet.A. have not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written( )3 The sports meet be held until next week.A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't 4( )1 -My shoes are worn out.-.A. Can't they be mended?

42、 B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?()2 the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are ()3 these desks be needed?A. W川B. Are C. Has D. Do5()1 Why to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held

43、C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held ()2 Who was the book?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by ( )3 Where these boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. am 6()1 The flowers often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water ( )2 The books may for two weeks.A

44、. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow ()3 The broken bike here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended 7( )1 The old bridge in my hometown next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuiltC. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt ()2 The play at the the

45、atre next Sunday.文案大全实用标准文档A. is going to be shown B.will shown C. will show D. is shown ( )3 The old stone bridge next week.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild 8( )1 Now these magazines in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C.

46、have been keeping D. have been kept ()2 The potfor hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keepingC. is used; to keep D. are used; keep()3 Tea in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow()4 The bridges two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( )5 Wet cl

47、othes are often_up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung 9( )1 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throwD. stop from throwing()2 The teapotwater.A. is filled with B. filled ofC. fulling

48、 of D. filled()3 Old people must be looked after well and politely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to()4 Old people must.A. look after wellB. be looked well afterC. looked well afterD. be looked after well10( )1 Newly-born babies in hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care ofC

49、. take good care of D. take good care( )2 They were at the sudden noise.A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens()3 These walls stones.A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into11()1 Jane to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said()

50、2 The papers to them.A. were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown()3 The coat her sister.A.made to B.were made for C.was made for D.was made to12( )1 I five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given 文案大全实用标准文档()2 Good care such things.A. should take

51、 ofB. should be takenC. should be takingD. should be taken of()3 She will good care.A.take;of B.be taken;of C. take;for you D. be taken;of you 13( )1 The teacher made him his homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done()2 The boy streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made cleanC. ma

52、de to clean D. was made clean( )3 These children dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to 14 ( )1 These stones well.A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted()2 The bike 500 yuan.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed( )3 The important meeting on a cold morning last year.A. was had B. was hel