虚拟语气语法及试题

1、1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句（一般形式）虚拟语气一般表示不可能实现的愿望或者对既定事实的一种假设。条件从句中主句中的谓的谓语动词语动词的形的形式对现在动词过去式should/wou虚拟（be动词用ld/could/m对过去were)ight+动词原形had+过去分should/wou虚拟ld/could/m ighthave+过去分词对将来虚拟1.动词过去式（be动词用 were）2.should+动词原形3.were to+动词原形 should/wou ld/could/m ight + 动词 原形 should/wou ld/could/m ight + 动词 原形 should/wou

2、 ld/could/m ight + 动词 原形注意：（1）主句中的should通常用 于第一人称， would, could, might 可用于任何人称，同可根据意思选择 合适的情态动词。（2）有时候，条件从句表示的动作和 主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一 致的（如一个是过去发生的，一个是 现在发生的）。这时，动词的形式要 根据它所表示的时间来调整。If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.If you were in better health, we would hav

3、e allowed you to join them in the work.If we hadn 't got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.若if从句中省略if ,则前提 were/ had/ should ,把它们倒装放 到主语之前：Were I in school again, I would work harder.Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.Should there be a meeting

4、tomorrow, I would come .2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句(1) wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望， 何惜/悔不该/但愿 ”从句中谓语动词形式一般退后一个时态：与现在事实相反：动词过去式与过去事实相反：had + done 或could(would)+have +done与将来事实相反：could/would/might + do 例如：I wish you told me earlier.We wish we had arrived there twohours earlier.I wish we could go to the seasidetoday/tomorro

5、w(2)某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式，Should ”可以省略。常见的动词有：坚持insist; 命令 order, command;建议 suggest , advise, propose, recommend;要求demand, request, require,ask,desire, urge; 另 外有： prefer, decide, maintain注意：suggest表“暗示”“表明”时, insist表“坚持认为”时不用虚拟语He ordered/demanded/suggested that the students (should) was

6、h the clothes every week by themselves.Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. Her pale face suggested that she was ill.3 .虚拟语气用于表语从句/同位语从 句.作 advice / idea /order /demand /plan /proposal /suggestion /request/decision等后面的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词要用 虚拟语气的结构“(should ) +动词 原形”.例如：We all agreed to his s

7、uggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.My idea is that he (should) do exercises first.4 .虚拟语气用于主语从句。 基本句型：(1) . It be+ 过去分词 +that+(should)+动词原形+ 过去分词：suggested, proposed, recommended, requested, ordered, desired,decided,required , demanded, etc.It is required that nobody (should) s

8、moke here.It，s suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.(2) . It be+ 形 容 词 +that+(should)+动词原形+ 形容词 ：important, necessary, natural, appropriate, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising desirable (想要 的)，preferable (更可取 的)，better , advisable ( 明智的/ 合理的/适当的/可行 的), essential ,

9、 vital , probable ,possible, strange , urgent (紧 迫的)etc.It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.It's important that we (should)take good care of the patient.(3) . It be+ 名词(advice , decision ) desire ) demand, idea ) motion ) order ) pity ) preference ) proposal ) recommendation ) requ

10、irement ) resolution ) sham0 suggestion )surprise )wish)wonder, a pity/a shame/ no wonder ) that+ (should)+ 动词原形+ 注意(2)&(3):这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊 奇，就用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表 示惊奇，that 从句也可用陈述语 气。例如:It is strange that he did not comeyesterday. It is a pity that you can't swim.5.其它状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)虚拟语气用于以

11、as if / as though引导的表语从句或状语从句 谓语动词的形式有三种，与上文的 wish的用法完全相同。但as if /as though后的从句也常用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情况 往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为 真实的。例如：It looks as if our side is going to win. 用在 lest, for fear that in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓 语动词用should+动词原形，should 可以省略。She closed the windows lest she(should) catch a cold.6.虚拟语气的一些特殊句式(

12、1) It is (high/about ) time(that )”句型中，从句的谓语动词 用过去式，或should +动词 原形(should不能省略，be用were来)表示，意为“(现在)该”It is time that I went and picked up my little girl from school.It is high time we were going.(2) if only 弓I导的感叹句：If only I had taken his advice.If only I were a bird.(3) If it were not for .此结 构意为如果没有

13、”，表示与现在事 实相反的假设.If it had not been for 如果当 时没有”，表示与过去事实相反的假 设.If it were not for the rain, the crops should /would die. (Were it not for the rain, )If it had not been for your timely help, I would have failed. (Had it not been for your, )(4)在would rather 后面的从句中:A.从句用过去时指现在。B.从句用过去时指将来。C.从句用过去完成 时指过去

14、。例如：I would rather you paid me now.I would rather they cametomorrow.I would rather she hadn't done that.5)A.通过分词短语表达条件.例如： Given more attention, the crops could have grown better.(=If they had been given more )B.用介词短语代替条件状语从句.例 如：Without air, there would be noliving things.I would nothave succee

15、ded but for your help.C.情境中提供虚拟语气Suppose there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped.She wasn't feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn 't have left the meeting so early.6）无词句暗示条件.例如：Such mistakes could have been avoided.（暗含条件从句 if we had been more careful.）It wa

16、s so quiet that you could have heard a pin drop.（暗含条件从句if it had dropped to the ground.)虚拟语气练习1 .Everything if Albert hadn't called the fire brigade.a. willbedestroyedb. will have been destroyedb.wouldbedestroyedd. would have been destroyed2.1 f you hadn't gone with Tom tothe party last nigh

17、t,.a. you would meet John alreadyb. you won 't have missed Johnc. you will have met Johnd. you would have met John 3.Supposing this ship, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to sink d. sunk4.The insects would devour all our cr

18、ops, if for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.a. it is not b. it were notc. were it not d. they were not5.The teacher suggested that each student a plan for the vacation.a. made b. make c. makes d. will make6.Frankly, I'd rather youanything about it for the time being.a. do b. don

19、't do c.didn't do d. will not do7. The business of each day, selling goods or shippingthem, went quite smoothly.a. it being b. be it c. was it d. it was8.The idea is that the nation an unmanned spacecraft toexplore the planet first.a. sent b. sends c. send d. must send 9.It 's high time

20、you.a. start to work b. would startto work c. started to work d. had started to work10. If I hadn 't practiced when I was younger, " the musician says, 1 able to play so wellnow.a. wouldn't be b. won't be c. wouldn 't have been d.couldn't have been11.1 t is essential that yo

21、uthere in person.a. areb. werec. be d. will be12. I'd just as soon to thetheatre tonight.a. not going b. not to go c. not go d. that I won't go 13.We required that the machine parts cast iron （煨铁，铸铁）.a. is made of b. be made from c. be made of d. is made by14 .The manager urged that the cost

22、 of production.a. to be further reducedb. was further reducedc. be further reduced d.should further reduced15 .The business is risky. But we would be rich.a. should we succeed b. we should succeed c. might we succeed d. would we succeed16.1 wish our teacher togive another test. I haven't gotprep

23、ared yet.a. isn 't going b. weren't goingc. will not going d. could have gone17.1 wish I to the movieswith you last night.a. went b. did go c. could go d. could have gone18.1 'd just as soon rudelyto her.a. that you won't speak b. yournot speaking c. you not speakd. you didn 't s

24、peak19.1 f I in the twenty-first century, I my vacation ina very different way.a. should live - would spendb. will live .should spendc. are livingd. will be should have spent living -would have spent20.1 t is required that the machine as frequently as necessary.a. be oiled b. must be oiled c.is oile

25、d d. will oil21 .His English teacher recommends that he a regular degreeprogram.a. begins b. begin c. will begin d. is beginning22 .We prefer that the plan before being put into execution. a. is fully discussedb.must be fully discussed c. be fully discussed d. will be fully discussed23 .What do you

26、think of his proposal that improvements in the old type of vacuumcleaner? a. be made b. will be made c. would be made d. will have to be made24 .The doctor 's advice is that the patient about his real physical condition.a. be not told b. not be told c. will not be told d. must not be told25.1, e

27、 could not have finished the work on time.a. If they do not help us b. Was it not for their helpc. Should they offer to help usd. But for their help1.1 If we had been more careful, we much better results now.a. got b. had got c. would be getting d. would have got27 .Henry a rich man todayif he had b

28、een more frugal in the past.a. would be b. is c. will be d. was28 .They thought it desirable thatan armed guard in readiness.a. stands b. stand c. stoodd. would stand29.A11 science students, ,should have a goodfoundation in basic sciences.a. whether they are future physicists and chemistsb. they are

29、 future physicists of chemistsc. they should be future physicists of chemistsd. be they future physicists or chemists30.Sally can 't have written home, or the letter by now.a. I 'll get b. I 'll have gotc. I 'd have got d. I'd get31.I should very muchlike to have gone to the part

30、y but I. a. am not invited b. was notinvitedc. shall not beinvitedd. am not beinginvited32.There is a general understanding among them that chief attentionto thisissue.a. is given b. givesc.should be givend. must begiven 33.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material to its burning tempe

31、rature.a. be heated b. is heated c.would be heated d. to heat34. Did you go to see the football match yesterday? ”No. I didn't feelwell,but Iwould have gone if I.”a. did b. have c.would d. had35.1 f we had known that she had planned to arrive today, weher at the bus station.a. may have met b. mi

32、ght meetc. may meet d. might have met36.1, hardly think I would have recognized him.a. Should his name notbementioned b. Had someone not mentioned his namec. If someone did not mention his name d. If someonehad mentioned his name37.He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which

33、I of hunger and cold.a. would be died b. would havedied c. would die d . will have died38 . today, he would get there by Friday.a. Was he leaving b. If he is leaving c. Were he to leave d. If he leaves39 .Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight.a. could be not solve

34、d b. could not be solvedc. could not have been solved d. could not have solved40.He is a poorly learned man. But he acts as though he.a. isb. werec. should be d. seems like41.The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it on the way.a. goes wrong b. go wrong c. went wrong d. would go wrong 42.t

35、he fog, we should have reached our destination.a. Because of b. In spite ofc. In case of d. But for43.The old man went to office on foot, but he by bus.a. might have gone b. ought have gone c. could have gone d. should be gone44.He is working hard for fear that he to pass the exam.a. fails b. may fa

36、il c. should fail d. would fail45.the work, he would do it some other way.a. Was he going b. If he doesc. Were he to do d. If he is doing46.Whatever we 'll go ahead.a. had happened b. will happen c. might happen d. may be happened47.If I out of ink, I might have finished writing the paper.a. had

37、n 't run b. shouldn't runc. didn 't run d. haven't run48.But for your advice, I into trouble.a. would get b. got c. might have got d. should get49.for the traffic jam, I should have covered fifty miles.a. Had it been b. Had it not beenc. It had not been d. It not had been50.Were it n

38、ot for the adoption of the open policy, things what they are today.a. would never be b. could have been c. would never have beend. didn 't have4.1 If only I there.a. have not been b. would notbeen c. will not be d. hadnot been52.Tom would buy that bicycle buthe no money.a. had b. has c. had hadd

39、. has had53.1 didn't go to the party, but I do wish I there.a. was b. were c. had beend. went54.1 t is time we up our results.a. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum55.Dr Bethune worked hard as if hea. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired c. never felt tired d . was tired never56.1 enjoyed the movie very much.