语法复习10：主谓一致(修订)

1、高三英语专题复习要点回顾与精练专题 05 主谓一致一【语境导入】根据语境选择符合语法的形式填空。An American FamilyIn the past, many American families had two or more children. But now, the number of children in American families 1(is/ are) becoming smaller. One important change is thatmost mothers now work outside the home. All the housework2 (is

2、/ are) shared by boththe husband and wife. And so 3(is/ are) childcare. What 4(happens/ happen)when both parents work? Here is an example of the Joe 's family.Joe and Eve have three children: Dick,12; Bob, 9; and Lily,6. Joe is a computer scientist and he sometimes writes books. Of course, a sci

3、entist and writer 5(earn/ earns) enoughmoney to support a family of five. However, Eve is working again as a hospital worker this year, for she thinks the family 6(need/ needs) more money and she likes her job. Everything isgoing well, but there are also some problems.Now that Eve is working, Joe ha

4、s to help her more with the housework though he doesn'tenjoy it. Recently he has got a book to write, and almost each weekday night and each weekend of his 7(is/ are) spent writing and typing. Eve loves her work, but she feelstired and toobusy. She also worries about the children. She has to wor

5、k on Saturdays. So Joe, as well as Eve, hardly 8(has/ have) free time.Lily is in a kindergarten. Either Joe or Eve 9(has/ have) to pick her up every day.Lily is having a great time in her after-school program. When they come to pick her up, she doesn't want to leave.But Bob 's school doesn&#

6、39;t have an after-school program. Right now, all he can do is spending most afternoons by himself in front of the TV. But watching TV 10(is/ are) fun.Dick is enjoying his new life after school. More than one classmate likes staying with him. He likes playing his music louder and is spending more ti

7、me on the phone. His clothes 11(is/ are) in fashion and his hair 12(is/ are) colored. He also does a littlehousework.考纲解读】主谓一致就是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。 是历年高考试题中的主要 测试点之一， 它主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法一致的原则， 意义一致的原则， 就近一致 的原则，同时还涉及动词时态、 语态和修饰等。由于汉语中没有主谓一致现象，中学生在这 一问题的理解上与汉语的思维存在偏差， 所以有时很难把握这一语法现象。 在注意掌握主谓 一致的基本原则的同

8、时，要特别注意语言内容上一致的原则。分数、百分数、不定式、动名 词、主语从句等用作主语的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。考点联想】 考点 1 名词作主语时的主谓一致 1单复数同形的名词作主语，其谓语动词应根据具体内容决定单复数。 2具体的距离、时间、金钱、度量、温度、书名等作主语，其内容可作整体概念，故 谓语动词用单数。3不定代词 each，every ，no 所修饰的名词作主语，其内容是整体概念，故谓语动词仍 用单数。4由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数， 此类词有 glasses， trousers， shoes， scissors， cloth

9、es，compasses， chopsticks 等。但若此类 词被 “ a kind/pair of 修饰”，则其内容是单数的，谓语动词用单数。5含 all，most，half，rest 等的名词词组作主语，所指的内容是复数意义时，谓语动词 用复数；反之，用单数。6在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 【归纳拓展】(1)不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应看做单数，谓语动词用单数。(2)某些集体名词 (如 family ，team 等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。考点 2 含有连接词的主谓一致1. 用and或bot

10、hanc连接并列主语，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数。若and连 接的两个单数主语指同一个人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。2. 主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数 与主语的数保持一致。 此类连接性短语有 as well as， as much as， along with ， with ， like ， rather than， together with ， but， except， besides， including ， in addition to 等。3. 以or, either. 一 or, neither n,ornot only bu

11、t also等连接的名词或代词作主语 时，谓语动词的数应与就近的名词或代词一致。考点 3 不定量词修饰名词作主语时的主谓一致1. a(great)number of, many, a few修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。2. a little , much, a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动 词用单数。3. (1arge)quantities of 修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。4. the number of+复数名词，the amount of+不可数名词，the quantity of+可

12、数名词复数/ 不可数名词等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。5. this kind of+名词单数，名词单数+of this kind , this kind of+名词复数等结构作主语时， 其内容是单数的，谓语动词也用单数。6. these kinds of+名词复数，名词复数 +of this kind等结构作主语时，其内容是复数的， 谓语动词用复数。7. 基数词单纯表示数字作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，但当基数词表示的不是数字而是数量时，谓语动词可用复数。由此可推断出，分数或百分数作主语时，其谓语动词的形式取决于分数或百分数所指的具体含义。8. many a+名词单数，more th

13、an one+名词单数， a/an+名词单数 +or two/and a half等作 主语时，尽管是复数意义，但谓语动词多用单数。9. one and a half+名词复数，one or two+名词复数，more+名词复数+than one等结构作 主语时，谓语动词多用复数。四【基础强化】一、仔细研读各句，用括号中所给词的适当形式(包括时态)填空，注意有些句子的对比。1. What he said (be) very important for us all.What I bought (be) three English books.2. What I say and do (be)

14、helpful to you.3. Reading in the sun(be) bad for your eyes.4. Both she and he(be) Young Pioneers.5. The writer and artist (have) come.6. Every student and every teacher (be)in the room.7. Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, (have) come to China.8. Nobody but Jim and Mike (be) on the play

15、ground.None of us (have) been to America.9. He is one of my friends who (be) working hard.He is the only one of my friends who (be) working hard.10. Class Four (be)on the third floor.Class Four (be)unable to agree upon a monitor.11. The rest of the lecture (be) wonderful.12. 50% of the students in o

16、ur class (be) girls.13. There (come) the bus.14. On the wall (be) many pictures.15. Such (be)the result.Such (be)the facts.16. All (be) going well.All (have) gone to Beijing.17. Thirty minutes (be) enough for the work.18. “ The Arabian Nights ”_(be)an interesting story-book.19. One and a half apples

17、 (be) left on the table.20. Fifty-six divided by eight (be)seven.21. The paper works (be) built in 1990.22. I think physics (be) not easy to study.23. My glasses (be) broken.24. The pair of shoes under the bed (be)his.25. Neither they nor he (be) wholly right.二、单项选择： 从所给的 ABCD 中选择可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。1.I,

18、 who your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.A. am B. is C. are D. be2. The rich not always happy.A. are B.is C.has D.have3. Mary as well as her sisters Chinese in China.A. are studying B. have studiedC. studiesD. study4. Neither my father nor I at home.A.amB.isC.areD.be5. Not on

19、ly my brother but also I good at painting. Both of us good painters.,A.are;are B.am;am C.am; are D.is;is6. Every' boy and every girl to attend the evening party.A.wish B.wishesC.is likeD.like7. Over 80 percent of the population of China peasants.A.was B.is C. would be D.are8. The population of C

20、hina larger than that of .any other country in the world.A.is B.are C.has D.have9. Every means tried but without any result.A. have beenB.is to beC.are to beD. has been10. Alice, together with two boys, for having broken the rule.A. was punishedB. punished C. were punished D. being punished11. The L

21、eague secretary and the monitor asked to attend the meeting this afternoon.A.is B.was C.are D.is being12. The great writer and professor.A. is an old manB. are both old menC. is an old man and a young manD. were two Chinese13. A large number of students in our class girls.A. areB. wasC. is D. bemuch

22、 if people leave things asD.changedD.isD.has beenD.are;fiveD.has beenD.are14. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses they are.A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change15. Chairman Mao' s works published.A. has beenB.have beenC.was16. A chemical works built there.A. is to bein

23、gB.have been C. were to17. The Olympic Games held every years.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;five18. This is one of the most interesting questions that asked.A.haveB.hasC. have been19. Many a man come to help us.A.have B.has C.is20. The police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.

24、A. is searching forB. were searching forC. are searching for D. were searching21. Your trousers dirty. You must have washed.A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them22. This pair of trousers too long for him.A.is B.be C.are D.were23 .Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.A.seemsB.seem

25、C.seemed D.seemesA. Three-fifth; hasC. Three-fifths; has24. of the money run out.B. Three-fifth; has been D. Three-fifths; have25. The whole classthe teacher atte ntively.A. are liste ning toB. is liste ning toC. are liste ningD. is liste ning26.1 have fini shed a large part of the book, the rest of

26、 whichmore difficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were27. Betwee n the two rows of treesthe teach ing buildi ng.A.sta ndB.sta ndsC. sta ndingD.are28. Large qua ntities of waterfor irrigati on.A. is n eededB. has n eededC. are n eededD. n eed29. That they were wrong in these mattersnow clear to us all.A. isB.wasC

27、.areD.all30. What you said just nowthe matter we are discuss ing.A.have somethi ng to atB. has someth ing to do withC.had someth ing to do withD.has bee n someth ing to do with31. When and where to build the new factoryyet.A. has not decidedB. is not decidedC. are not decidedD. have not decided32. T

28、hey both have some frien ds; but hismore active.A. isB. will beC. wasD. are33. Early to bed and early to risea good habit.A. areB. isC. wereD. was34. To play basketball and to go swimmi nguseful for character-tra ining.A. wasB. isC. areD. were35. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factorie

29、s,to be built here.A. areB. wereC. isD. will36. His familya big one. Now the familywatch ing TV.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isD. are, are37. More than 60% of the stude ntsthe cou ntryside.A. isB. areC. is fromD. are from38. Tom is the only one of the stude nts whogoing to swim this after noon.A. isB.

30、 wasC. areD. were【参考答案】1-5AACAC 6-10 BDADA 11-15 CAAAB 16-20 DBCBB21-25 CAACA 26-30 ABAAB 31-35 BDBCC 36-38 ADA五、【真题提能】1. （2010 四川卷）Such poets as Shakespearewidely read , of whose works , however,some difficult to understand .A . are; areB . is; isC. are; isD . is: are【答案】A。主句中的主语为poets，谓语动词用复数，其后面的

31、非限制性定语从句的主语为some of whose works,谓语动词也应该是复数。故选A。2. （2010 陕西卷）lt is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.A. are being builtB. were being builtC. was being builtD. is being built【答案】D【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。从时间状语at present可判断出用现在时，“manya+单数可数名词”虽然表示复数意思，但要用单数谓语。3. （2010 江苏卷）-Is everyone

32、 here?-Not yet. Look , therethe rest of our guests!A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在句子为倒装句，the rest of our guests作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式；此处叙述的又是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。come用于进行时通常用来表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作，因此D项不恰当4. 【2012 江西四市联考】Is it he or youin charge of the job and supposed to complete itp

33、un ctually?A . who isB . that isC. who areD . whom are【答案】C【解析】考查强调句型及主谓一致。此处为强调句型，强调了主语he or you，根据强调句型结构” It is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+其他”，首先排除D;谓语的单复数根据所 强调 的主语he or you确定，or连接并列主语时采用就近一致原则，因此根据you确定谓语为are。5. 【2012 宝鸡一次质检】The family as well as their dogon the roof by the flood .A. was trapped B. tra

34、ppedC. were trapped D. trapping【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可以看出，句子缺少谓语动词。as well as当作介词使用，后面的成分不能做主语，主语是 The family，在这里指的是一家人，所以谓语动词用 复数形式。人是被洪水困住的，所以用被动语态。句意为：那家人还有他们饲养的狗都被洪水困到了屋顶。6. 【2012 哈尔滨一中期中】Britainmany other industrialized countries,major changesover the last 100 years.A . together with; have experie need B . as well as; have experie needC . in com mon with; has experie need D . in stead of; has experie need 【答案】C【解析】本题考查主谓一致。in common with意为 和一样”谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持一直。句意：与其它工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经历了重大的变化。 A、B项第一空 together with , as well as意思及