定语从句语法例句全解

1、定语从句一、概述在复合句(有主句有从句的句子)中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributiveclause)。关系代词Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词定语从句被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)o定语从句必须放在先行词之后。关系代词和关系副词的作用：连接作用指代先行词在句子中充当一定成分引导定语从句的关联词有：关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that、as关系副词when、where、why关系代词作主语指人who、thatA不可省指物whichthat'关系代词作宾语who

2、m指人that、who(口语)L可省指物whichthat关系代词作定语Whose厂指人-指物Aplaneisamachine(that、which)canfly.飞机是会飞的机器。(引导词that、which在句中作主语)Theforeigner(who、that)visitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.昨天至V我班来访的夕卜国人来自加拿大。（引导词who、that在句中作主语）Theyplantedthetrees（which、that）didn'tneedmuchwater.他们种植了需水不多的树木。（引导词which、that在句中作主语）Th

3、enoodles（that、which、一）Icookedweredelicious.我煮的面条美味可口。（引导词that、which可省略作宾语）Thefish（which、that、）weboughtwerenotfresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。（引导词作宾语）Thegirl（that、whom、who口语、）wesawyesterdaywasJim'ssister.我4昨天看至U的女孩是吉姆的姐姐。（引导词作宾语）特殊请况：人+介词+whom不可省，不可用that物+介词+whichThepersonto（whom）youjusttalkedisMr.Li.刚才你与其交谈的人是李先

4、生。（引导词whom,不可省略）Thepersont（whom、that、who、一）youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.Theknifewithwhichwecutthebreadissharp.我们用来切面包用的刀子很锋利。Theknife（which、that、一）wecutthebreadwithissharp.指人Whomthatwho（口语）A一+介词（可省）指物whichthat题：ShewaseducatedatBeijinguniversity,shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterwhichB.fromwhich

5、C.fromthatD.afterthat做题技巧：把现行词带到定语从句中变成一完整合理的句子，答案就出来了。Whose+n物=the+n+ofwhichOfwhichjthe+n人=Jthe+n+ofwhomOfwhom+the+nTheroomwhosewindowsfacesouthismine.thewindowsofwhichfacesouthismine.ofwhichthewindowsfacesouthismine.HeisateacherwhosenameisTom.thenameofwhomisTomofwhomthenameisTom. 只用that,不用which的情况

6、（先行词指物除5、6条）当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little等不定代词时（something之后也可用which）。Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪光的不光是金子。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么要我做的事吗？Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；或现行词本身就是形容词最高级或序数词时。Thiswasoneofthemostinte

7、restingbooksthatweresoldinthisbookstore.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefood.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 当先行词有thevery,theonly,theright等修饰时。That'stheonlythingthatwecandonowi前我们只能这样了。Thosearetheveryrightwordsthatheused.那就是他的原话。Thisisthebestthatlhave.这是我所拥有的最好的。 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。Theyw

8、eretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheysawinthefactory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。Theytalkedforabouthalfanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他们聊起他们所能记得起的学校里的人和事来，聊了约半个钟头。 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Chinaisnotthecountrythatitwas.中国已经不是过去的中国了。Heisnottheboythatheusedtobe.他已经不再是以前的那个男孩了。 当要避免与疑问词which,who

9、重复时。WhichisthecarthatwasmadeinBeijing?哪辆车是北京制造的？Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?站在门口的那个人是谁？在therebe句型中，先行词为物时用thatThereisabookonthedeskthatImveryinterestedin.桌子上放着一本我感兴趣的书。(若指人用whoeg.Thereislivedakinginthecastlewhowasverywise.)ThisisthefirsttimethatTherebe不定代词序数词，Thevery,theonly,theright;即有人又有物，作

10、表语whichwho.（3）用which,不用that的情况（先行词指物）引导非限制性定语从句。（which在限制性定语从句中可以指代一个或一些物，在非限制性定语从句中即可指主句一部分也可指代整个主句。）Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyIdoubtverymuch.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighly

11、ofherroleintheplay,which,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。 直接放在介词后作宾语时。Languageisthemostimportanttoolwithoutwhichpeoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。 先行词本身是that或those时。ThatThosewhichyoutoldhimaboutisarewhatIwanttoknow.你告诉他的事情也是我想知道的。（注意：若those指人要用whoe

12、g.Thosewhoareforme,putupyourhands.同意我的人请举手。）thesamethat同一物-as同类eg.ThisisthesamebikerthatIlostyesterdayo.这是我昨天丢的那辆自行车。asIlostyesterday.这辆自行车和我昨天对的那辆一样。Way作状语inwhichthat_作主语、宾语whichthatIdon'tliketheway(inwhichthat_)hespeakstome.(状语)Thisistheway(thatwhich)reallyworks.(主语)Ididitintheway(thatwhich_)h

13、etoldme.(宾语)题：I,yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.A.thatisB.whichamC.whoisD.whoam注意：关系代词在从句中作主语是，从句中谓语的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。Thatisoneofthosebooksthatareworthreading.Thatisthe(only)oneofthosebooksthatisworthreading.As:1）引导限制性定语从句：作关系代词可指人，物；可作主，宾，表语；常译成“正如”构成固定搭酉己：thesame.as;suchas;soas;as.as（as不可省）Ishould

14、liketousethesametoolasyouusedyesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。（作宾语）Don'treadsuchbooksasarenotworthreading.Readsuchbooksasyoucanunderstand.不要读那些不值得读的书，只去读那些你能读懂的书就可以了。Repeatthisasoftenasisnecessary根据需要反复这样做。（作主语）Igavehimasmuchashecouldeat.他能吃多少，我就给了他多少。（作宾语）Itissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）这是没人能举起的一块大石

15、头。tthatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）这是如此大的一块石头以至于没人能举起它。Heissuchanhonestmanthatwerespecthim.他是一个如此诚实的人以至于我们都尊敬他（如此以致”，引导结果状语从句）Heissuchanhonestmanaswerespect他是我们所尊敬的这种诚实的人。（suchas"像这样的",引导定语从句）引导非限制性定语从句1）可放句首、中、末；常指代整个主句（which只能放在主句后）Heisagoodstudent,asweallknow.（which语法合但不能用）Asweallknow,heisag

16、oodstudent.He,asweallknow,isagoodstudent.2）as有“正如，就像”之意，表符合人们的认识事情的发展的，所以主从句语义往往一致,若不一致，用whichTheyremarried,aswehadexpected.whichwehadn'texpected.固定搭配：Asweallknow=asisknowntoall众所周知Asisexpected正如所料AsIrememberunderstand正如我所记得的、明白的那样Asisreportedsaidannouncedinthenewspaper正如报道的那样Asheoftenwas正如经常那样A

17、sisusual正如往常那样Asisclear正如很清楚的那样Asisclear,heisright.关系副词先行词为时间在从句中作状语时when=适当介词（in、on、at.）+which地点where=whichReasonwhy=forwhichJulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.七八月是天气很热的月份。=inwhichThisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.=inwhichThisisthereasonwhyhedidso.这就是他这样做了的理由。=forwhich当point、stage、spot、c

18、asssituation等作先行词表抽象地点时，常用where引导定语从句。Canyouthinkoutasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepointwherenobodycancureher.并非先行词是时间地点reason时都用关系副词当时间whichJ地点在从句中作主、宾时用JthatReasonI省去Thisisthefactorythat/whichwevisitedlastyear.这是我们去年参观的那家工厂。Iwon'tforgetthetimethatwhich一wespentinthe

19、countryside.我永远不会忘记我在农村度过的那段时光Thisisthereasonthatwhich-giveme.选关系代词还是关系副词？ 从句中缺住、宾、表、定时用关系代词从句是完整句子缺状语（时、地、原因）时用关系副词。介词+which+不定式。此种用法多见于正式文体中，相当于一个带有主语和谓语的定语从句。Shehadonly1.87withwhichtobuy(=shecouldbuy)Jim,herhusband,apresent.她只有一元八角七分钱，用这些钱给他的丈夫吉姆买一件礼物。Atlasthehadsomethingaboutwhichtowrite(=hecouldwrite)home.他终于有给家写信的内容了。当先行词为theway,thetime,theperiod等时，关系代词常用that,但通常被省略。Idon'tliketheway(that)youspeaktoher.我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。whohavequestionstoask,raiseyourhands.A.AnyoneB.T