定语从句详解+例句

1、AttributiveClause定语从句一、定义定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。1关系代词：在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分2关系副词：在定语从句中担任状语成分关系词3个功能：1. 连接功能(连接先行词与定语从句)；2. 担任功能(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语)3. 替代功能(在定语从句中代替先行词)。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语的是：who,that,which,as宾语的是：who,whom,that,which,as定语的是：whose,wh

2、ich先行词是人时，关系代词是：who,whom,that,as先行词是物时，关系代词是：which,that,whose,as关系副词有：when(先行词为时间),where(先行词为地点),why(先行词为原因)关系副词=介词+which/whom定语从句分为两种：限制性与非限制性。先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性；有逗号隔开则为非限制性，且一般由which弓I导。唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as引导。(1) 二、关系代词引导的定语从句wh。指人，在从句中做主语TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2) Yesterda

3、yIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.1. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2) Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3) Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.(1) which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2) Thisis

4、thepen(which)heboughtyesterday.2. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6) Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?3. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，有从属关系。(1) Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2) Ioncelivedinahousew

5、hoseroofhasfallenin.(3) whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4) Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5) Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6) Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?(1) 三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导Theschool(that/which

6、)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2) Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3) TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(4) TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(5) We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.(6) We'llgotohearthefamoussingerabou

7、twhomwehaveoftentalked.(1) 注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whoseThemanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfrien

8、d.(F)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)"介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2) Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3) Therearef

9、ortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.(1) 四、关系副词引导的定语从句when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2) Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.(1) where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2) ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.(1) why指原因，在定语从句

10、中做原因状语Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2) Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.(1) 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(2) Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinth

11、ecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.难点分析(1) 只能用that不用which1.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除夕卜)，few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?(2) Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.(3) Allthatcanbedonehasb

12、eendone.(4) ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.(3) 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whoAnymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon'tdosuchathing.当先行词被序数词修饰(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.(1) 当形容词被thevery,theonly,thelast修饰时ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,

13、Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.(2) 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whoWangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.(1) 当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2) WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelea

14、rned?1. 只能用which,who,whom不用that关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which,不用that;要用whom，不用who。2. 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which,who,whom,不用that,也不能省略。关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which弓I导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1. as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.(2) Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.(1) as引导非限制性定语从句，可放

15、在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(2) Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.(3) John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.(4) HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon'tbelieve.(5) 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用whichTomwasalwayslatefo

16、rschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.(1) 当先行次由such,thesame修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(2) Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.(3) ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.(4) 注意：当先行次由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) Shewor

17、ethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。(一) 以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that弓I导，而且通常可以省略。(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon't)(1) 区分定语从句和同位语从句定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系Theplan

18、ethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(2) Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3) Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语Theproblemh