高中英语定语从句详解

1、高中英语定语从句详解定语从句主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词或上文提到的一件事句子.而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词或句子的后面.在被修饰的名词、代词先行词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两局部联系成一个整体.关系词与后面的句子合称定语从句.1） threesignsthatindicateapersonissufferingfromaheartattack三种意味着一个人患心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的短语中：signs是：被修饰的名词；that是：关系词；thatindicateapersonissufferingfromaheartattack是定语从句2） thos

2、ewhodrinkalot那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的短语中：those是：被修饰的代词；who是：关系词；whodrinkalot是：定语从句.3） Doyouknowthenameofthatgirlwhosebrotherisyourroommate?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出：1定语从句在英语中放在被修饰的词后,译成汉语时置于被修饰的词之前,且有汉字“的2定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：被修饰的名词/代词+关系词+句子其中,被修饰的名词/代词在语法叫作"先行词.要点提示：1先行词=关系词.所以先行词在从句中不在出现.先

3、行词的意义以及它在从句中的语法功能句子成分决定关系词的选择.定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分.1关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that等.who用于代替"表示人的意义的先行词,并且在从句中充当主语,也可充当宾语.但不能放在介词之后.介,后的宾语用whomwhose用于代替表示人或物意义的先行词,用在从句中时,后要跟一个名词,与那个名词合起来相当于一个关系词,在从句中担当主语或宾语.Whose常表达"先行词的"之意which用于代替"表示事物意义的先行词,在从句中

4、作主语、宾语.that既用于代替"表示人的意义的先行词,也用于代替表示事物意义的先行词；在从句中既可以作主语,也可以作谓语动词的宾语,但是不能跟介词后作介词的宾语,介词后用which.在一定范围内,that=who/whom/which.要点提示：虽然that即可指人,也可指代物,习惯上指代人时,常用who.总结：(1)怎么判断定语从句(2)怎么选择关系词：领先行词指.时如：填空,译1 )Ihavenoideaaboutthemanwrotethearticle.2 )ThelittleboyissingingtherecanrecitequietanumberofChinesepo

5、ems.3 )Iknowthegirlyoutalkedtojustnow4 )Thatwasafaultcouldnotbeforgiven.5)I'vegotanovelyoumayliketoread.6 )ThisisthebookfromIknowthefamousperson.7)Whoisthegirlyoutalkedtojustnow?8) Thisistheverybookyouarelookedforyesterday.9) Thebookswhichsellwellarewrittenbyhim.10) Thebookwhichsellswelliswritte

6、nbyhim.11)Theworldweliveinismadeofmatter.12)Theworldinweliveismadeofmatter.要点提示：(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略.防止重复,指人时,主句有who,从句用that(2)That和which指代物时的区别先行词本身是all,everything,something,nothing,anything等不定代词时,例如：AllthatIhaveismoney.Theremustbesomethingthathappenedtoyou.你一定出了什么事.Theyhadnothingthatcouldcureofhi

7、sdisease.他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了.-先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或thelast,theonly等作定语时,例如：ThisisthemostimpressiveTVthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧.Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路.Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatweneedtodo.我们必须要考虑我们需要做的第一件事.-领先行词表示事物意义,并且在从句中作介词的宾语,那么就只能用whichItist

8、hesecondthingaboutwhichIbecomecrazy.(3)定语从句中,谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数.特例：1Sheisoneofthestudentswhohavebeenabroad.2Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeenabroad.2关系副词：when=在什么时候,where=在什么地方,why=为什么原因,在英文中用哪个具体的介词,得依具体汉语意思而定了关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,关系副词在从句中作状语不缺主语,宾语,表语when代替表示时间的名词,在从句中充当状语例如：1Peoplewillalwaysrem

9、emberthetimeHongkongandMacaoreturnedtoourmotherland.2Wedon'tknowtheexacttimetheEnglishEveningwillbeheld.3Istillrememberthedayswespenttogether.where代替表示地点的名词,在从句中充当状语.例如：1Theplacewe'retohavetheSpeechContesthasnotbeendecidedyet.2） Heislivinginanewly-builthousethereusedtobeapond.3） Hehasfoundth

10、eschoolhismothertoldhim.why代替表示原因的名词,在从句中充当状语.例如：1Hedidn'ttellherthereasonhewassohappy.2Theyexplainedthereasontoustheyhadmisunderstoodusbefore.3Thereasonheexplainedisnotsoacceptable.当名词时way时,关系词可以用that,inwhich或省略关系词Hecantunderstandthewaytheteachertoldhim.Hecantunderstandthewaytheteachersolveprob

11、lem.Hecantfindawayreallyworks.关系副词=介词+关系代词,而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题,由于这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：A动词与介词的搭配B名词与介词的搭配C形容词与介词的搭配,等等.总之,要依从句的具体需要而定.例如：A动词与介词的搭配Hehasfoundagoodjobforwhichheisqualified.qualify+名词+for"使具有资格"他找到了一份他能胜任的工作.Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowwillchairthemeetingtomorrow.talkto+名词'与某人谈

12、话"你刚刚与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议.B名词与介词的搭配Theyarestilllivinginthelittlehouseinwhich=they'hehouse"在屋子里"他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里.Hewentthroughahardtimeduringwhich=helostmanytimes.C形容词与介词的搭配Thesecretarywithwhomthebossisnothappywillbefiredforherinefficiency.happywith"

13、;对表示满意老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇.I'vefoundthejobforwhichI'vebeeneagerforalongtime.eagerfor"渴望得至U"我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作.Heisalearnedmanwithwhomwearefamiliar.familiarwith熟悉他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人.D他有三个儿子,三个都是医生.定语从句的种类在英文中,有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句.这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏,对其先

14、行词起限定、修饰的作用.如果将其去掉,会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解.Theyexplainedthereasontouswhytheyhadhatedusbefore.他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散,它与主句之间有一个逗点",隔开；起补充、说明的作用.即使将其去掉,也不会影响句子意思.另外,非限定性定语从句在中文译文里,我们往往将其作为一个分句处理,而不把它作定语译.Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.止匕句中,4E限定性定

15、语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情.太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能.Wehaveoneearth/offersusourhome.Theoldmanhasason,whoisinthearmy.此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明.但本句所传达的信息是：这位老人只有一个儿子".如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句中,代指人时,用who或whom;代指人以外的名词时时,用which即：非限定性定语从句中不能用that充当关系词.此时,关系词一律充当主语,宾语或表语.例如：Thesunheatstheearth,

16、whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能.Themostimportantformofenergyiselectricalenergy,whichiswidelyusedinourdailylife.最重要的能源形式是电能,它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中.Heisthirteen,whocomesfromamiddleschool.假设在非限定性定语从句中作状语时,关系词的选择不变Rabbitsmaketheirhomesinfields,theycanhidetheiryoungunderbushes.Iwillnev

17、erforgetthedays,wespenttogetherhappily.Iwillneverforgetthedays,weworkedtogether.-as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句.例如：限定性定语从句常用于suchas,asas,和thesameas等句式中Suchpointsasyou'vementionedarereallyimportantinsolvingtheproblem.你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上确实很重要.Peoplesuchasyoudescribearerarelyseennowadays.你描述的这种人现在很少见了.T

18、hiscomputerhasthesamefunctionsasthatonehas.这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能.as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时,as是指全句：也就是说,将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明.这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后.常译为“正如.AsIknow,shehasn'tgotmarried.如我所知,她还未结婚.Theywonthefirstplaceinthegame,ascouldbeexpected.可以预料,他们在比赛中得了第一.ProfessorLiisextremelypopularamo

19、ngstudents,asisknowntoallofus.如我们大家所知,李教授极受学生们的欢送.Which常译为“这.,这件事:且引导的从句常放在主句之后.几个特殊的先行词：situation,stage,case,point,scene,position,他们在定语从句中充当先行词时,常用where引导从句,且在从句中作状语.如：Weoftencomeacrossthiscaseweneedhelp.1. DoyoustillrememberthedayIfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where2. I'mgoingtovisit

20、theschoolmymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3. Apaperplantispaperismade.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich4. Theystayedwithmeforthreeweeks,theydrankallthewineIhad.A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich5. -Howdoyoulikethecake?-It'squitedifferentfromIhadlastmonth.A.tha

21、tB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat6. TheNile,electricityisproduced,nolongerdestroysvillagesandcrops.A.whichB.fromwhichC.fromitD.fromthat7. Inthe1950s,blacksdidn'thaveequalrights,alotofmarchestookplace.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.fromwhich8. Bob'sfather,spentfouryearsinEgypt.A.thatworkedontheprojectB.hewo

22、rkedontheprojectC.whoworkedontheprojectD.whomworkedontheproject9. Theretiringteachermadeaspeechshethankedtheclassforthegift.A.whichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.that10. HehastoworkonSundays,hedoesnotlike.A.andwhichB.whichC.andwhenD.when11. Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mosthadn'tbeencleanedforyears.

23、A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.ofwhich12. Theboys,couldnotreachtheshelf,wenttolookforsomethingtostandon.A.thetallofwhomB.thetallestofwhomC.thetallestoneD.thetallestofthem13.Rabbitsmaketheirhomesinfields,hidetheiryoungunderbushesoramongtallgrasses.A.canwheretheyB.wheretheycanC.wherecantheyD.wherecan14. Isthis

24、thefactorycolorTVsetsareproduced?A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat15. Whoisthatcomradewasthere?A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whose16. ThisisMrSmith,Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose17. Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,mademeveryhappy.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which仿真练习1 Sheworeaheav

25、yfurcoatinsuchahotday,Ifoundquitestrange.1) A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when2 Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestisTaiwan.A.inwhichB.atwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich3 Wecametoaplacetheyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.towhereB.towhichC.thatD.which4 Itwastwelveo'clocktheyfinishedthework.A.SinceB.whichC.thatD.when

26、5 Heoftenhelpsthestudentshethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.WhoC.whenD.because6 IstherearestaurantaroundIhavesomethingtoeat?A.ThatB.whatC.WhichD.where7 Intheopenboat,thefourmen,wasadoctor,metwithastormonthesea.A.oneofwhichB.oneofwhoC.oneofwhomD.oneofthem8 .Hisglasses,hewaslikeablindman,fellto

27、thegroundandbroke.A.whichB.fromwhichC.withwhichD.withoutwhich9 .Thebook,thecoverisbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitB.forC.whoseD.ofwhich10. Thehighbuildingisabighotel.A.wearelookingatitB.welooking11. Thebabyisnothers.A. ofthatsheistakinggoodcareC.ofwhosheistakinggoodcare12Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomefar-awa

28、yvillage.C.atthatwearelookingD.wearelookingatB. whosheistakinggoodcareD.whomsheistakinggoodcareofIwastakengoodcareofinthatA.UntilB.ThatC.whenD.where13 isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What14 Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.

29、whichC.thatD.it15 AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown,hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when16 -IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthatthereasonyouhadafewdaysoff?A.WhyB.WhenC.WhatD.that1. Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyonefamilywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose

30、2. Allisneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which3. Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that4. Whoisthemanisstandingoverthere?A.WhomB.WhichC.ThatD.he5. Whoisthemanyoujusttalkedto?A.XB.whichC.whoeverD.whose6. WangHaiisthestudenthomecaughtfirelastnight.A.whic

31、hB.thatC.whomD.whose7. Isthisthepenyouwerewriting?A. withthatB.withwhichC.tothatD.towhich8Whichsentenceiswrong?A.DoyouknowthemanthatistalkingwithMr.Li?B. Hedidallhecouldtohelpme.C. Thisistheroomthatweoftenholdmeetingsin.D. Ifapersonwhodoesnotdohisduty,hewillnotsucceed.9.,theGreatWallcameintobeinginQ

32、inDynasty.A.It'sclear.WeallknowC.AsweallknowD.Itseemed10. Herbag,sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.that11. Thesoliderrantothebuilding,flewaflag.A.onthetopofwhichB.onthetopofthatC.onthetopofitD.which12. Istillrememberthedaywegotmarried.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.when13. Thef

33、actoryhismotherworksisintheeastofthecity.A.ThatB.whichC.onwhichD.where14. ThehousewindowsopentothesouthisZhangShan's.A.WhichB.ThatC.whoseD.its15. Hetriedtofindahammerhecouldrepairthedesk.A.throughwhichB.withwhichC.bywhichD.usingwhich16. Lastnightwewatchedtheplay“LeiFeng,wasverymoving.A.WhoB.whos

34、eC.thatD.which17. Hecametothecity,thereisafamoustowercalledYellowCarneTower.A.onwhichB.inwhereC.whichD.where18. Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.WhichB.ThatC.whoD.whom19. Thatistheonlydictionaryheoftenturnstoforhelp.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.one20. Allthepencilsshehad

35、boughtatachappricebroke.A.WhichB.ThatC.whatD.those21. Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?A.thatB.XC.whichD.it22. -Whataboutthephoto?It'smuchbetterthanshetooklastweek.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.one23. Hehasdroppedthenecklacetothedrawerthemoneyiskept.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which24. It'sthfth

36、timelatethisterm.A.thatyou'vearrive.dthatyouarrivedC.whenyou'vearriveD.whenyouarrived25. Eachtimeshecametoseemeshewouldadvisemetogiveupsmoking.A.asB.duringC.whileD.X26. ItistheplaygroundIpickedupthisjacket.A.inwhichB.thatC.fromthereD.where27. WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinBeijing,livem

37、yuncleandsomerelatives.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inwhich28. Shemustfailtheexam,canbeseenfromhereyes.A.thatB.asC.whoD.what29. Thestadiums,werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyalotoffootballfanswhohadnotickets.A.mostofthatB.mostofwhichC.whichmostD.thatmost30. Mr.Frank,everybodyloves,hasgonetotheUK.A.whomB.that

38、C.whichD.X31. Hisglasses,hewaslikeablindman,weremissing.A.withwhichB.withitC.withoutwhichD.withoutit32. I,yourhusband,willstandbyyou.A.whoisB.thatisC.whoamD.thatam33. Ourteacherisamanofgreatexperience,muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.howC.fromwhichD.fromwhom34. Hemakesgooduseofthetimehecanspare.A.whenB.thatC

39、.onwhichD.who35. Suchpeopleyourefertoarerarenowadays.A.asB.thatC.whichD.who36. Wellneverforgetthedayswespenttogetherlastsummer.A.whenB.thatC.howD.onwhich37. Thefivestoreyedbuildingoverthere,wassetupthreeyearsago,isourteachingbuilding.A.itB.thatC.whereD.which38. ItisthebestfilmI'veseenthisyear.A.thatB.whichC.sinceD.and39. Ioftenhearfrommybrother,worksasadoctor.A.thatB.whoC.heD.whom40. LastyearIvisitedthehouseIusedtoliveinmythirties.A.whichB.thatC.inthatD.where41. Theoldw