2019年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案(第一套)

1、2019年6月大学英语四级真题解析及参考答案PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavolunteeractivityorganizedbyyourStudentUniontoassistelderlypeopleintheneighborhoodYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.【参考范文】OnJune14,Friday,avolunteeract

2、ivitywheremanystudentstookanactivepartinvisitingthelocalNursingHousewasorganizedbytheStudentUnionanditturnsouttobeabigsuccess.TheactivitywasaimedatencouragingstudentstovisittheelderlyattheNursingHouseandhelpelderlypeopledealwiththeirtroublesbothphysicalandpsychological.Manystudentsvolunteeredtoparti

3、cipateinthisgooddeedandwereengagedinhelpingtheelderlyhereoutbymakingtheirmeals,washingtheirclothesandchattingwiththem.Whenaskedaboutthosevolunteers'feelingsaboutsuchanexperience,allofthemrespondedwithasmile,saying“whatawonderfulpracticeandIreallyappreciatethisexperience,foritmakesmelearntocaremo

4、reforothersinneed.”Allinall,theactivityturnsouttobeasuccessnotonlyforthevisitedelderlybutforthosestudentsinvolved.【参考范文译文】6月14日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。此次志愿活动旨在拜访当地敬老院的老人们并对他们各个方面的困难提供帮助。许多学生主动加入到此次善举当中，帮老人们洗衣做饭、谈心解闷，竭尽所能提供帮助。问及参与此次活动的感想时，他们毫无例外地回道“真是太有意义了，很感谢这次经历，它让我懂得要去更加关

5、爱那些有困难的人”总而言之，此次活动取得了巨大成功，不仅仅对那些老人来说受益多多，对丁参与的学生来说也是意义良多。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionAThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.Ithas26fromDetroittoSiliconValley,whereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.Ina27totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michigan

6、lawmakershaveintroduced28thatcouldmaketheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry,ifnottheworld,todevelopself-drivingvehiclesandputthemontheroad.Se“Michigan29sinautoresearchanddevelopmentisunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto30ourleadershipintransportation.Wecan,'”tleahaSpeatorMikKowall,

7、thelead31offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywoulds32asubstantialupdateofMichigan's2013lawthatthetestingofself-drivingvehiclesinlimitedconditions.Manufacturerwouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtotesttheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-d

8、rivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andevenseton-demand3ofself-drivingcars,liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In34,California,homeofSiliconValley,recentlyproposedfarmore35rulesthatwouldrequirehum

9、andriversbereadytotakethewheel,andcommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.A) bidB)contrastC)deputyD)dominanceE)fleetsF)knotsG)legislationI)replaceJ)representk)restrictiveL)rewardM)significantN)sponsorO)transmitted【参考答案】26-30HAGDI31-35NJEBKSectionBHowWorkWillChangeWhenMostofUsLiveto100A. TodayintheUnit

10、edStatesthereare72,000centenarians(白岁老人).Worldwide,Probably450,000.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,thenby2050therewillbemorethanamillionintheUSalone.AccordingtotheworkofProfessorJamesVaupelandhisco-researchers,50%ofbabiesbornintheUSin2007havealifeexpectancyof104ormore.BroadlythesameholdsfortheUK,Germany,Fra

11、nce,ItalyandCanada,andforJapan50%of2007babiescanexpecttoliveto107.B. Understandably,thereareconcernsaboutwhatthismeansforpublicfinancesgiventheassociatedhealthandpensionchallenges.Thesechallengesarereal,andsocietyurgentlyneedstoaddressthem.Butitisalsoimportanttolookatthewiderpictureofwhathappenswhen

12、somanypeoplelivefor100years.Itisamistaketosimplyequatelongevity(长寿)withissuesofoldage.Longerliveshaveimplicationsforalloflife,notjusttheendofit.C. Ourviewisthatifmanypeoplearelivingforlonger,andarehealthierforlonger,thenthiswillresultinaninevitableredesignofworkandlife.Whenpeoplelivelonger,theyareno

13、tonlyolderforlonger,butalsoyoungerforlonger.Thereissometruthinthesayingthat70isthenew60”or40thenew30.”Ifyouagemoreslowlyoveralongertimeperiod,thenyouareinsomesenseyoungerforlonger.D. Butthechangesgofurtherthanthat.Take,forinstance,theageatwhichpeoplemakecommitmentssuchasbuyingahouse,gettingmarried,h

14、avingchildren,orstartingacareer.Theseareallfundamentalcommitmentsthatarenowoccurringlaterinlife.In1962,50%ofAmericansweremarriedbyage21.By2014,thatmilestone(里程碑)hadshiftedtoage29.E. Whiletherearenumerousfactorsbehindtheseshifts,onefactorissurelyagrowingrealizationfortheyoungthattheyaregoingtolivelon

15、ger.Optionsaremorevaluablethelongertheycanbeheld.Soifyoubelieveyouwilllivelonger,thenoptionsbecomemorevaluable,andearlycommitmentbecomeslessattractive.Theresultisthatthecommitmentsthatpreviouslycharacterizedthebeginningofadulthoodarenowbeingdelayed,andnewpatternsofbehaviorandanewstageoflifeareemergi

16、ngforthoseintheirtwenties.F. Longevityalsopushesbacktheageofretirement,andnotonlyforfinancialreasons.Yes,unlesspeoplearepreparedtosavealotmore,ourcalculationssuggestthatifyouarenowinyourmid-40s,thenyouarelikelytoworkuntilyourearly70s;andifyouareinyourearly20s,thereisarealchanceyouwillneedtoworkuntil

17、yourlate70sorpossiblyevenintoyour80s.Butevenifpeopleareabletoeconomicallysupportaretirementat65,overthirtyyearsofpotentialinactivityisharmfultocognitive(认知的)andemotionalvitality.Manypeoplemaysimplynotwanttodoit.G. Andyetthatdoesnotmeanthatsimplyextendingourcareersisappealing.Justlengtheningthatsecon

18、dstageoffull-timeworkmaysecurethefinancialassetsneededfora100-yearlife,butsuchpersistentworkwillinevitablyexhaustpreciousintangibleassetssuchasproductiveskills,vitality,happiness,andfriendship.H. Thesameistrueforeducation.Itisimpossiblethatasingleshotofeducation,administeredinchildhoodandearlyadulth

19、ood,willbeabletosupportasustained,60-yearcareer.Ifyoufactorintheprojectedratesoftechnologicalchange,eitheryourskillswillbecomeunnecessary,oryourindustryoutdated.Thatmeansthateveryonewill,atsomepointintheirlife,havetomakeanumberofmajorreinvestmentsintheirskills.A.Itseemslikely,then,thatthetraditional

20、three-stagelifewillevolveintomultiplestagescontainingtwo,three,orovenmoredifferentcareers.Eachofthesestagescouldpotentiallybedifferent.Inonethefocuscouldbeonbuildingfinancialsuccessandpersonalachievement,inanotheroncreatingabetterwork/lifebalance,stillanotheronexploringandunderstandingoptionsmoreful

21、ly,orbecominganindependentproducer,yetanotheronmakingasocialContribution.Thesestageswillspansectors,takepeopletodifferentcities,andprovideFoundationforbuildingawidevarietyofskills.J)Transitionsbetweenstagescouldbemarkedwithsabbaticals(休彳段)aspeoplefindtimrestandrechargetheirhealth,re-investintheirrel

22、ationships,orimprovetheirskills.Attimes,thesebreaksandtransitionswillbeself-determined,atotherstheywillbeforcedasexistingroles,firms,orindustriesceasetoexist.K)Amulti-stagelifewillhaveprofoundchangesnotjustinhowyoumanageyourcareer,butalsoinyourapproachtolife.Anincreasinglyimportantskillwillbeyourabi

23、litytodealwithchangeandevenwelcomeit.Athree-stagelifehasfewtransitions,whileamulti-stagelifehasmany.Thatiswhybeingself-aware,investinginbroadernetworksoffriends,andbeingopentonewideaswillbecomeevenmorecrucialskills.L) Thesemulti-stageliveswillcreateextraordinaryvarietyacrossgroupsofpeoplesimplybecau

24、setherearesomanywaysofsequencingthestages.Morestagesmeanmorepossiblesequences.皿Withthisvarietywillcometheendofthecloseassociationofageandstage.Inathree-stagelife,peopleleaveuniversityatthesametimeandthesameage,theytendtostarttheircareersandfamilyatthesameage,theyproceedthroughmiddlemanagementallroug

25、hlythesametime,andthenmoveintoretirementwithinafewyearsofeachother.Inamulti-stagelife,youcouldbeanundergraduateat20,40,or60;amanagerat30,50,or70;andbecomeanindependentproduceratanyage.N)Currentlifestructures,careerpaths,educationalchoices,andsocialnormsareoutoftunewiththeemergingrealityoflongerlifes

26、pans.Thethree-stagelifeoffull-timeeducation,followedbycontinuouswork,andthencompleteretirementmayhaveworkedforourparentsorevengrandparents,butitisnotrelevanttoday.Webelievethattofocusonlongevityasprimarilyanissueofagingistomissitsfullimplications.Longevityisnotnecessarilyaboutbeingolderforlonger.Iti

27、saboutlivinglonger,beingolderlater,andbeingyoungerlonger.36. Anextendedlifespaninthefuturewillallowpeopletohavemorecareersthannow.37. Justextendingone'scareermayhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.38. Nowadays,manyAmericanshaveonaveragedelayedtheirmarriagebysomeeightyears.39. Becauseoftheirlonger

28、lifespan,youngpeopletodaynolongerfollowthepatternoflifeoftheirparentsorgrandparents.40. Manymorepeoplewillbeexpectedtoliveover100bythemid-21stcentury.41. Alongerlifewillcauseradicalchangesinpeople'sapproachtolife.42. Fasttechnologicalchangemakesitnecessaryforonetoconstantlyupgradetheirskills.43.

29、 Manypeoplemaynotwanttoretireearlybecauseitwoulddoharmtotheirmentalandemotionalwell-being.44. Thecloselinkbetweenageandstagemayceasetoexistinamulti-stagelife.45. Peoplelivingalongerandhealthierlifewillhavetorearrangetheirworkandlife.【参考答案】36-40IGDNA41-45KHFMCSectionCPassageOneQuestions46to50arebased

30、onthefollowingpassage.Intheclassicmarriagevow（誓约），couplespromisetostaytogetherinsicknessandinhealth.Butanewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriseswhenthewife-notthehusbandbecomesseriouslyill.Marriedwomendiagnosedwithaserioushealthconditionmayfindthemselvesstrugglingwiththeimpactoftheird

31、iseasewhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce,”saidresearcherAmeliaKarraker.Karrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon2,717marriagesfromastudyconductedbyIndianaUniversitysince1992.Atthetimeofthefirstinterview,atleastoneofthepartnerswasovertheageof50.Theresearchersexaminedhowtheonset（发生）

32、offourseriousphysicalillnessesaffectedmarriages.Theyfoundthat,overall,31%ofmarriagesendedindivorceovertheperiodstudied.Theincidenceofnewchronic（慢性的）illnessonsetincreasedovertimeaswill,withmorehusbandsthanwivesdevelopingserioushealthproblems.Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upinthefa

33、ceofillness,"Karrakersaid.They'remorelikelytobewidowed,andifthey'rethenoeswhobecomeill,they'remorelikelytogetdivorced.”Whilethestudydidn'tassesswhydivorceinmorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsbecomeseriouslyill,Karrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons.Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsabout

34、caregivingmanymakeitmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspouses,”Karrakersaid.Andbecauseoftheimbalanceinmarriagemarkets,especiallyinolderages,divorcedmenhavemorechoicesamongprospectivepartnersthandivorced力women.Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation,Karrakerbelievespoli

35、cymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofdivorce.Offeringsupportservicestospousescaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages,"shesaid.Butit'salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressuretodivorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedaddit

36、ionalcareandservicestopreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealthcosts.”46. Whatcanwelearnaboutmarriagevowsfromthepassage?A）Theymaynotguaranteealastingmarriage.B）Theyareasbindingastheyusedtobe.C）Theyarenottakenseriouslyanymore.D）Theymayhelpcouplestideoverhardtimes.47. WhatdidKarrakerandco-authorKenzieL

37、athamfindaboutelderlyhusbands?A) Theyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.B) Theycanbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoseriousillnesses.C) Theycandevelopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.D) Theyaremorelikelytocontractseriousillnessesthantheirwives.48. WhatdoesKarrakersayaboutwomenwhofall

38、ill?A) Theyaremorelikelytobewidowed.B) Theyaremorelikelytogetdivorced.C) Theyarelesslikelytoreceivegoodcare.D) Theyarelesslikelytobothertheirspouses.49. WhyisitmoredifficultformentotakecareoftheirsickspousesaccordingtoKarraker?A) Theyaremoreaccustomedtoreceivingcare.B) Theyfinditmoreimportanttomakem

39、oneyforthefamily.C) Theythinkitmoreurgenttofulfilltheirsocialobligations.D) Theyexpectsocietytodomoreofthejob.50. WhatdoesKarrakerthinkisalsoimportant?A) Reducingmaritalstressonwives.B) Stabilizingoldcouples'srelations.C) Providingextracarefordivorcedwomen.D) Makingmenpayfortheirwives'health

40、costs.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling's(兄弟姐妹的)name.Howcouldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeoplein

41、ourlifeisacommoncognitive(认知的)errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthewrong”nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibili

42、tyofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,butitdoestelluswho'sinandwho'soutofthegroup.”Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor

43、.Norwasgender.Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;othersweredonewithamixed-agepopulation.Someaskedsubjectsaboutincidentswheresomeoneclosetothemfamilyorfriendhadcalledthembyanotherperson'sname.Theothersurveysaskedabouttimeswh

44、ensubjectshadthemselvescalledsomeoneclosetothembythewrongname.Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandsiblingsbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatundergraduateswerealmostaslikelyasoldpeopletomakethismistakeandmenaslikel

45、yaswomen.Olderpeopleandthismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.Olderpeopleandwomenmadethemistakeslightlymoreoften,butthatmaybebecausegrandparentshavemoregrandchildrentomixupthanparentshavechildren.Also,mothersmaycallontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,giventraditionalgendernorms.Therewasnoevidencethaterrorsoccurredmorewhenthemisnamerwasfrustrated,tiredorangry.51. Howmightpeopleoftenfeelwhentheyweremisnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C) Confused.D) Indifferent.52. WhatdidDavidRubinsresearchfindaboutmisnaming?A) Itisrelatedtothewayourmemori