专四语法串讲2-主谓一致、反意疑问句、限定词

1、反义疑问句的考点聚焦1）陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren'tI.Iamastudent,aren'tI2）陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may+主语Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?3）陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。Someplantsneverblown（开花）,dothey?4）否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式Itisimpossible,isn'tit?5）当陈述部分的主语是ever

2、ybody,everyone,someone,nobody,noone,somebody等合成代词时，附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但亦可用he，尤其是nobody,noone等作主语，具有否定概念时。如：SomebodyphonedwhileIwasout,didn'tthey?Everyoneenjoyedtheparty,didn'tthey?Nobodywantstogothere,doeshe?6）当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything,nothing,anything,something时，附加疑I可句中的主语一般用it,不用they。如：Everyth

3、ingseemsallrightnow,doesn'tit?Nothingiskeptingoodorder,isit?Somethingmustbedonetostoppollution,isn'tit?7）must在表示”推测”时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the?YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haven'tyou?Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'the?Itmustbegoingtoraintomorrow,won&

4、#39;tit?8）省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用willyou。Don'tdothatagain,willyou?Gowithme,willyou/won'tyou?9）复合句的反疑疑问句A.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?B上述部分主句谓语是I/wethink,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?10 )当陈述部分含有情态

5、动词usedto时，疑问部分可用usedn't或didn't。如：Theoldmanusedtosmoke,didn'翰e/Sedn'the?Tomusedtolivehere,usedn'或hedfn'the?11 )当陈述部分由hadbetter,或had表示完成时态时，疑问句用hadn't开头。You'dbettergetupearly,hadn'tyou?12)therebe句型中，反义疑问句部分必须用be动词+there.Therearesomeapplesinthebasket,aren'tthere?

6、反意疑问句1. Shewouldhavebeenmoreagreeableifshehadchangedalittlebit,?a.hadn'tsheb.hasn'tshec.wouldn'tshed.didn'tshe20032. Dohelpyourselftosomefruit,you?a.cantb.don'tc.wouldn'td.won't20003. Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatvideotape,don'tforgettoputitinmydrawer,?a.doyoub.willyouc

7、.don'tyoud.won'tyou19984. YouandIcouldhardlyunderstand,?a.couldIb.couldn'tyouc.couldn'twed.couldwe1995主谓一致的考点聚焦1) “就远原则”“主语+介词短语等”作主语在A+(with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,but,except,besides,like,including,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan)+B”结构中，谓语动词的单复数与之a致。2) 就近原贝Uneither-nor-,(eit

8、her)-or-,notonly-butalso-,not-but等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则：谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。3) a/thenumberof+复数名词”作主语表示"的数量”的"thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；表示、些/许多”的"anumberof复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词用复数。4) .morethanone+_/Manya+/EveryAandeveryB/NoAandnoB/oneandahalf+谓语动词用单数。注意：more复数名词+thanone用复数，Morememberstha

9、noneareagainstyourplan.5) .并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。注意：整体看待:breadandbutterbreadandcheeseaknifeandforkacartandhorseneedleandthreadlawandorderfishandchipsmeatandpotatoes例如：Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.注意：adj.+and+adj.+不可数名词/复数名词+谓语(复数)Eg.Chinese(beer)andFrenchbeerareservedhere.6) .表达时间、金钱、

10、距离、重量、长度、价值，算式的短语通常接动词的单数形式。eg.Fiveminutesisenoughtodothisexercise.7) .如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，8) .由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数；但所指的内容是复数意义时，谓语动词通常用复数.Eg.Whatweneedaregoodtextbooks.9) .people,police,cattle,militia,是复数名词，接动词复数形式。Peoples指民族。sheep,deer,fish,means,aircraftworks单复数同形;clothes+复数动词10)

11、 All指人，用复数动词；all指物，用单数动词。11) .集合名词指整体时，用单数代词；指由不同的人组成的集合时，用复数代词。audiencecouplefamilypublicclasscrowdgovernmentstaff(全体职员)committeegroupteamcrew(船/飞机全体工作人员)company12) .书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。主谓一致1. Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,becausegoingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.a.neitheryounorI

12、areb.neitheryounormeisc.neitheryounorIamd.neithermenoryouare20031. Theamountofpressurewhichthematerialsaresubjecttothequalityoftheproducts.a.affectsb.affect2. Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatnotfullyunderstood.a.isb.are3. Buyingclothesoftenatime-consuming

13、jobbecausethoseclothesthatapersonlikesarerarelytheonesthatfithimorher.a.isb.are4. Tounderstandthesituationcompletelymorethoughtthanhasbeengiventhusfar.a.requiresb.require5. Thepresidentofthecollege,togetherwiththedeans,planningaconferenceforthepurposeoflayingdowncertainregulations.a.areb.is限定词（DETER

14、MINER限定词的取舍要取决于中心词（名词）的类别（即可数或不可数，单数或复数等）冠词（定冠词，不定冠词）是最主要最典型的限定词，其他还有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词属格、序数词、基数词等1限定词与三类名词的搭配关系限定词的选择决定于随后的名词的类别，是单数名词、复数名词，还是不可数名词。1能与三类名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如the,some,any,no,other,whose以及my,your等物主限定词和名词属格（John's,myfriend's等能与三类名词搭配例如:thebook,mybook,myfriend'sbook,John'sbook,

15、2只能与单数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如a（n）,one,another,each,every,either,neither,manya,sucha等只能与单数名词搭配。例如:eachworker,eitherbook,anapple,anotherbook,suchabook,3）只能与复数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如both,two,three,anothertwo/three,many,（a）few,several,these,those,a（great）numberof等只能与复数名词搭酉己。例如:bothworkers,severalstudents,anumberofessays,

16、manystudents,4) 只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如a(little)bitof,agreatamountof,agreatdealof,(a)little,much等只能与不可数名词搭配。例如:abitofwater,agreatamountoflabour,agreatdealofwork,(a)littlespace,muchnoise.5能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext等既可与单数名词搭配，也可与复数名词搭配。例如:thefirstrose,thelastman,thenextmeeting

17、,thefirstroses,thelastmen,thenextmeetings.6能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如this,that,(the)least等能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如:(the)leastsign(ofprejudice),this/thatjob,(the)leastknowledge,this/thatwork.7能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词还有些限定词如alotof,lotsof,enough,more,most,such,other等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如:alotofbooks,alotofmoney,lotsofchi

18、ckens,lotsoffood,plentyofchairs,plentyofwater,enoughcopies,不定量限定词less原先只与不可数名词搭配，但在现代英语中，less既可与不可数名词也可与复数名词搭配。例如：lessmoney,lessmistakes.2限定词与限定词的搭配关系1限定词可分为：前位、中位、后位限定词a) .前位限定词包括all,both,half;double,twice,threetimes,etc(倍数词);one-third,two-fifths,etc(分数词)；what,such,(a/an)b) 中位限定词包括定冠词和不定冠词；物主限定词；指示

19、限定词；名词属格；不定限定词；疑问限定词；关系限定词；例如:a(n),the;this,that,these,those;my,your,etc;Merry's,myfriend's;some,any,no,every,each,either,neither,enough;what(ever),which(ever),whose等c) 后位限定词包括基数词，序数词，数量词例如:one,two,three,etc;first,second,third,etc;next,last,other,another,etc;many,much,(a)few,(a)little,fewer,

20、(the)fewest,less,(the)least,more,most;several,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,agreat/large/goodnumberof,agreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallamountof;such等2)三类限定词的搭配关系：如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词，其搭配关系总是按照"前位中位后位”的顺序排列。例如：allyourthreebooks(前-中-后)alltheselastfewdays(前-中-后-后)如果只有两类限定词，仍按上述搭配关系。例如：halfhislecture（前-中）thosel

21、astfewmonths（中-后-后）afewmoresamples（中-后-后）anothertwentytons（后-后）注：一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。所以，"我的那本书"不是mythatbook而是thatbookofmine,但后位限定词的使用却不受此限个别限定词有跨类现象，如such既属于前位限定词，又可归入后位限定词。由于它只是在sucha.和suchan.这样的搭配中属于前位限定词，而在与其他限定词（some,any,no,all,few,another,other,many,one,two,etc）搭配时，such则是后位限定

22、词，一律放在上述这些限定词的后面，如somesuch,anysuch,nosuch,fewsuch,onesuch等，因此本书把它归入后位限定词。1.Theysawgirlsthedaybeforeyesterday.a.boththeothertwob.thetwootherbothc.thebothothertwod.thebothtwoother2.Oneusesthefreezer,thecomputerandthebusinessschooltomanufacturedishesinneveraticklongerthan100seconds.a.suchothersb.othersuchc.suchotherd.othersucha3.wasastonishedtofindhimselfrootingandshoutinginamostundignifiedmanner.a.Manyelderlymanb.Amanyelderlymenc.Manya