全国职称外语等级考试试卷

1、全国职称外语等级考试试卷综合类A级第 1 1 部分：词汇选项（第 1 11515 题，每题 1 1 分，共 1515 分）下面每个句子中均有 1 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 1 个意义最为接近的选项。1Withimmenserelief,lStoppedrunning.AsomeBenormousClittleDextensive2Thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata.AcollectBhandleCanalyzeDinvestigate3Jackeventuallyovertookthelasttruck.AhitBpassedCrea

2、chedDled4Sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance.ApossibleBprofitableCeasyDwise5Thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzle.AfactBmysteryCstatementDgame6Thatguyisreallywitty.AsmartBuglyChonorableDpopular7Theworldchampionsuffereda.sensationaldefeat.AreasonableBdramaticChumiliatingDhorrifying8I

3、tseemsthatonlyMaryiseligibleforthejob.ApreparedBtrainedCqualifiedDguided9ThispoemdepictsthebeautifulsceneryofatownintheSouth.ApraisesBwritesCimitatesDdescribes10Themeaningisstillobscure.11Dumpedwastemightcontaminatewatersupplies.AdestroyBdecreaseCdelayDpollute12OnetheorypostulatesthattheancientFilip

4、inoscamefromIndiaandPersia.AassumesBexpectsCpredictsDconsidersItisverydifficultforachildtoadheretorules.ArememberBfollowCunderstandI hopethatIdidntdoanytabsurdlastnight.AawkwardBstrangeCstupid15thereshouldbelawsthatprohibitsmokingaroundchildren.AforbidBadvocateCinheritDwithdraw第 2 2 部分：阅读判断（第 161622

5、22 题，每题 1 1 分，共 7 7 分）下面的短文后列出了 7 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A;A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B;B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C C。WhatIsGiobalization?Itwastheantiglobalizationmovementthatreallyputglobalizationonthemap.Asawordithasexistedsincethe1960sbuttheprotestsagainstthisallegedlynewprocesswhichitsoppone

6、ntscondemnasawayoforderingpeople,sbiveghtglobalizationoutofthefinancialandacademicworldsandintoeverydaycurrentaffairs.Inthelate1980sandearly1990s.thebusinessmodelcalledthe“globalized”financialmarketcametobeseenasanentitythatcouldhavemorethanjustaneconomicimpactonthepartsoftheworldittouched.Globaliza

7、tioncametobeseenasmorethansimplyawayofdoingbusinessorrunningfinancialmarketsitbecameaprocessFromthenonthewordtookonalifeofitsown.AvagueBtransparentCalienDsignificant1314DlearnDawfulSohowdoestheglobalizedmarketwork?ItismoderncommunicationsthatmakeitpossiblefortheBritishservicesectortodealwithitscusto

8、mersthroughacallcentreinIndiaorforasportswear动服）manufacturertodesignitsproductsinEuropemaketheminsouth.eastAsiaandselltheminnorthAmerica.Butthisiswheretheantiglobalizationsidegetsstuckin庆注）.Ifthesepracticesreplacedomesticeconomiclifewithaneconomythatisheavilyinfluencedorcontrolledfromoverseas,thenth

9、ecreationofaglobalizedeconomicmodelandtheprocessofglobalizationcanalsobeseenasasurrenderofpowertothecorporationsorameansofkeepingpoorernationsintheirplace.Noteveryoneagreesthatglobalizationisnecessarilyevjlorthatglobalizedcorporationsarerunningthelivesofindividualsoraremorepowerfulthannations.Somesa

10、ythatthespreadofglobalizatiqnfreemarketsandfreetradeintothedevelopingworldisthebestwaytobeatpovertytheonlyproblemisthatfreemarketsandfreetradedonotyettrulyexist.Globalizationcanbeseenasapositivenegativeorevenmarginalprocess.Andregardlessofwhetheritworksforgoodorillglobalizationsexactmeaningwillconti

11、nuetobethesubjectofdebateamongthosewhoopposesupportorsimplyobserveit.16.Globalizationisatermusedonlyinthefinancialandacademicworlds.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17.Globalizationcanbebestunderstoodasawayofdoingbusiness.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18.Moderncommunicationsplayanimportantroleinglobalization.ARi

12、ghtBWrongCNotmentioned19.Britainhasbenefitedquitealotfromglobalization.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20. Theopponentbelievethatglobalizationwillkeepthepoorernationsinpoverty.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21. Theopponentsthinkthatglobalizationcorporationshavemorepowerthannations.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22. Fr

13、eemarketsandfreetradewilleventuallyprevail.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第 3 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23233030 题，每题 1 1 分，共 8 8 分）下面的短文后有 2 2 项测试任务：（1 1）第 23262326 题要求从所给的 6 6 个选项中为第 2 25 5 段每段选择 1 1 个最佳标题； （2 2） 第 27302730 题要求从所给的 6 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 1 个最佳选项。ANewCitizenshipTest1Lastweek,asampleofthenewUScitizensh

14、ip民身份）examwasreleasedbytheUSCitizenshipandImmigrationServices（US-CIS）.Itwillbetriedoutin10citiesearlynextyeartoreplacethecurrenttestin2008.InsteadofaskinghowmanystripestheUSflaghasasthecurrenttestdoethenewoneaskswhythereare13stripes.Insteadofhavingtonamethebranchesofgovernmentanapplicantisaskedtoexp

15、lainwhytherearethree.2“Thegoalistomakeitmoremeaningful：explainsEmilioGonzalez,directoroftheUS-CIS.Immigrantswhopassitareexpectedtohaveabetteraunderstandingandrespectvi6（fTUS）values,Gonzalezsays.3TheUSisnttheonlycountrydealingwithcitizenshipteststhataimtogeta“sharedcommitmfeomimmigrantsfortheiradopte

16、dcountryvalues”，Inrecentyears,Inadditiontotheusualrequirementoflanguage/workskillsandeconomicstatus-severalEuropeancountrieshaveadoptedcitizenshiptests.BritainintroducedanewcitizenshiptestlastNovember.InMarch,anewDutchlawtookeffectrequiringallwould-beimmigrantstotakeacitizenshiptest.Itinvolvedwatchi

17、ngavideoshowingnude髀体的）womenbathingatbeachesandgay（性恋的）menkissinginpublic.TheaimwastoensurethafnewcomerswillbecomfortablewiththecountrysliberalsoMamores（4Europehasbeenknownforwelcomingimmigrantsfordecades.But,today,thefactisthatsomeimmigrantsarekeptapartfromlocalcitizensbycultureandtheybecomehostile

18、toeachotherPromotingintegrationhasbecomeamajorconcernforEuropeancountries.aftertheriotinginMuslimghettoes（少数民族聚居区）inFranceandthekillingofDutchpublicfiguresbyreligiousextremists.5Officialsbelievethatapersonsattachmenttoacountrycanbetestedbyhisorherknowledgeofthecountry.Howeversomecriticssaythatthecha

19、ngescandolittletohelppeopleassimilate（化）themselves.“Immigrationisaculturewartodaysgivinganewtesttherightwaytolessentheaccusationsinthatfight?saysAliNoorani,oftheMassachusettsImmigrantandRefugeeAdvocacyCoalition民辩护联盟）.23 paragraph224 paragraph325 paragraph426 paragraph5A.Preparationfortakingacitizens

20、hiptestB.CitizenshiptestsinEuropeancountiesC.ImportanceofpromotingintegrationD.NecessitytoknowthebranchesofgovernmentE.DifferentOnthenewcitizenshiptestF.Goalofthenewcitizenshiptest27 Thequon8inthenewcitizenshiptestaremoredifficult.28 Would-beimmigrant8totheUSareexpected.29 IntheDutchcitizenshiptesta

21、llwould-beimmigrantsarerequired.30 Somepeoplefearthatchangeinthecitizenshiptestwilldolittle.AtoknowalotmoreaboutthecountryBtowatchavideoCtohelpimmigrantsacceptthenewcultureDtomarryAmericancitizensEtodolow-skilljobsFtoanswer第 4 4 部分：阅读理解（第 31314545 题，每题 3 3 分，共 4545 分）下面有 3 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 5 道题。请根据短文内

22、容，为每题确定 1 1 个最佳选项。第一篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition-Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexciting,metropolitanatmosphere.Squaresplazas广场）andarcades供廊）formtheheartofEuropescities.Venicei

23、nItalyhasthePiazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurches,restaurantsandcaf6s.InBarcelonaSpain,LaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.LondonsCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats金技演员）andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsat

24、thecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondon,theyserveasabeautifulbackdrop借景）tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant审活力的）heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolution,socialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.“ThereasonpeoplethinkVenicei

25、ssogreattodayisyoudonMostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecar,sobars.restaurantsandcafeswerenearto,people,ihshomes.TodayfocusofmanyEuropeanslifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirts*drivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconvent

26、iontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalways,livingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeople,togetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.thisisParticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationaliststhisski

27、llisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespresso咖啡）andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleInRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisittheChurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarkets.cafesandbarsInthesurroundingstreets.

28、AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyISsurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowds,butalsothelocalcommunity.31. ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthateachbigcityinEuropeAhasmanylargesquares.Bhasmanyveryma

29、gnificentsky-scrapers.Cdrawstouristsinlargenumberseveryyear.Dhasacenterwheretouristsmeettheirspouses.32. WhichstatementisNOTtrueofCoventGarden?AItiscrowdedwithpeople.BItislocatedinLondon.Citisfilledwithstalls.DItissurroundedbyshopschurches,restaurantsandcafes.33. WhydopeoplethinkthatVeniceissogreat?

30、ABecauseitisafamoustouristattraction.seeallthemistakes,sa-dGThjhaveallbeenremoved.BBecauseyoucanreachanywherebyboat.CBecauseitiswell,knownforItsmerchants.DBecauseallthemistakeshavebeenremoved.34. WhatareParisiansfamousfor?ATheirpursuitofindependence.BTheirenthusiasmforconversation.CTheirabilitytokee

31、pthecityflourishing.DTheirdevotiontodevelopingamultipleculture.35. ThewritercitestheDuomointhelastparagraphasanexampletoillustratethatAthereisatightlinkbetweenchurchandsociety.Ballchurchesaremagnificent.Coldchurchesareverypopular.Dhighrisechurchesareimpressive.弟篇：DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourW

32、eightYouhearthis：Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo?”Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenenotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperim

33、entsthat“80percentofthechildrenoftwoobeseR胖的）parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight.”Howcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdieting?Well,dietingcanbeeffective,butthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirsch,aresearchphysicianatRockefellerUnivers

34、ity,didastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢的）measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyh

35、adpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressedsomeweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.ResearcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesntresultInnormalweight,butinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednonobesepeople.Thinpeople,however,sufferfromtheopposi

36、te:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSims,oftheUniversityofVermont,gotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonths,theyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyended.theywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeop

37、learecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrueeachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9k

38、g.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.36. Whatdeterminesyourweight?AYourworkingmanner.BYoureatinghabit.CYourlifestyle.DYourgenes.37. WhatdidJu

39、lesHirschdototheeightfatpeopleinhisstudy?AHeletthemskipsupper.BHeletthemskipbreakfast.CHeletthemruneverymorningandevening.DHegavethemaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.38.Whathappenedtotheeightfatpeopleaftertheyleftthehospital?ATheywentmad.themselves.CTheywerebacktonormalweight.suicide.39. Ethan

40、SimsmadehissubjectsAbattletheirgeneticinheritance.weight.Csufferfromhunger.weight.40. Whatdidscientiststhinkwastrue?AEachpersonhasafixedweightrange.BEachpersonhasaweightrangeof9kg.CEachpersonwantstocontrolhisorherweight.DEachpersonwantstoeattohisorherheartscontent.第二篇：ShamingPunishmentsLastmonth,Jam

41、esConnolly,ajuniorattheUniversityofMassachusettsstoodinfrontofalocalpolicestationwearingatoga低袍）aspunishment.Hiscrime?Hewaschargedwithunderagedrinkingillegalpossessionofalcoholandexcessivenoisewhileholdingaparty.ThisshamingpunishmenthasincreasedintheUSinrecentyears,mostlyimposedbylocaljBTheykilledDT

42、heyattemptedBincreasetheirDlowertheirudgesforlesoseriouscrimessuchasdrunkdrivingandtheft.Theybelieveshameisthebestpettycrimedeterrent慑）.Forexample,inTennesseeJudgeJamesMcKenziehasmadeshoplifters店货物iA手）standoutsideWal-Martwithsignsthatread,“IamathiefputherebyorderofJudgeMcKenzie”.aAlternativepunishme

43、ntslikecommunityserviceandfinesdonconveymoralcondemnation槌责）ofthecriminal,”saidDanKahan,aUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolprofessor,inanarticlepublishedontheuniversityswebsite.“Theyarentshamefulenough.ShamingpunishmentsaresometimescalledScarlet的）Letterpunishments.ThenamecomesfromUSauthorNathanielHawthorn

44、es1850novelTheScarleteetUnthisnovel,awomanisforcedtowearascarlet“A”onherclothesaspunishmentforheradultery（通奸）.However,UniversityofIowalawprofessorAndrewHosmaneksaidthereisanimportantdifferencebetweentheshamingpunishmentsofcolonialAmericaandthoseassignedinstateslikeTennessee.“Earlysocietiesoftenhadar

45、eacceptanceceremonytowelcometheoffenderbackintomainsociety,”saysHosmanek.“ContemporarypunishmentsinAmericalackthis.”Supportersofshamingpunishmentarguethatpublicshamingisagoodwayofexpressingcommunityvalues.Somejudgessayshamedoffendersseldomrepeattheircrimes.OthersarentSOsure.“Thereislittleevidencetos

46、uggestthatshamingpunishmentsaresuccessfulinpreventingpeoplefromcommittingspecificcrimes.Andashamedcriminalmayfaceahardbattletoregaincredibilityinsociety,”said!Hbamargek.Sopunishmentmayforcetheoffenderintomorecrimestosupporthimself.Expertsalsodebateshamingpiishmentsdamagetohumandignity.Sincethepointi

47、stoshiimofcoursedegrading侮辱人格的） ,”saidLindaMalonedirectoroftheHumanRightsandNationalSecurityLawProgrammeatWilliamandMaryLawSchool.“USlawonlyprohibitspunishmentthatiscruelandunusualnotinhumananddegrading.itsverydifficultforathieftoprovethatholdingasigninfrontofWal-Martiscruelandunusual.”41. JamesConn

48、ollywasaccusedofallthefollowingcrimesEXCEPTA.illegallypossessingalcohol.B.smugglingdrugs.C.drinkingatanillegalage.D.makingtoomuchnoiseataparty.42. WhichofthefollowingpunishmentsdoesNOTmorallycondemnacriminal?AHoldingasignthatannounceshisorhercrime.BPublishinghisorhernameonawebsite.CApologizingforthe

49、crimeinfrontofWalMart.DHavingtodousefulworktohelpotherswithoutbeingpaid.43. InthenovelTheScarletLetter,awomanisaccusedofA.corruption.B.bribery.C.adultery.D.theft.44. ThewordasuggestinParagraph10couldbebestreplacedbyA.propose.B.indicate.C.assume.D.explain.45. WhatdoesUSlawforbid?ACruelandunusualpunis

50、hments.Blnhumanpunishments.CDegradingpunishments.DShamingpunishments.第 5 5 部分：补全短文（第 46465050 题，每题 2 2 分，共 1010 分）下面的短文有 5 5 处空白，短文后有6 6 个句子，其中 5 5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。WhatsLackinginSicko?Whenitcomestoeconomicdecisionstherearealwaystrade-offs(取舍).Gainonethingandyoulosesomethingelse.(46)T

51、hecentralargumentofMichaelMooresSnnoviethatthecuretothenationshealthcareproblemsisasingtayersystemsishardlynovelandiscertainlyworthconsiderationwhetherornotyouagreewithit.ButincomparingtheAmericansystemwithsinglepayerplansofothercountriesBritain,France,CanadaandCubaMr.Mooreleftoutthetrade-offs,chara

52、cterizingthosecountriesashealthcareparadises.(47)KurtLoder,thefilmcriticwhoisbestknownastheanchor住持人)of“MTVNews,”wroteacritique(批评)ofthefilmforMTVswebsite.Sicko,”hesaid.doe&anreartrayi顾才苗绘)victimsofAmericaninsurancecompanieslikethepeoplewhodiedbecausetheironlytreatment.optionswereconsideredexper

53、imental”andthereforenotcovered.(48)Whenagovernmentsattempttoregulatethebalancebetweenalimitedsupplyofhealthcareandanunlimiteddemandforittheyreinevitablyforcedtorationtreatment,Mr.Loderasserted.(49)Mr.Lodercitedtheshortfilm“DeadMeat”whichpresentsanecdotes软事)offailureintheCanadiansinglepayersystem.Ini

54、tsonesidedness“DeadMeat”mighthavemadeforanicedoublefeaturewith“Sicko.”andleftmoviegoerswithamorecompleteunderstandingofthecomplicationsofdecidingonahealthcaresystem.(50)eaThisallmakesanotherwiseaemotionallycompellingfilmnotnecessarilyanintellectuallysatisfyingone”wroteDarrenBarefoot,aCanadianblogger

55、傅客作者）.Mr.MoorealsodecidedtoignoreproblemsinothercountrieslikeBButthefilmasawhole,heconcludeis“breathtakinglymeretricious（似是而非的），”inlargepartbecauseofitscharacterizationsofothercountrieshealthcaresystems.CTheproblemshavebeennoticedandcriticismiscomingnotjustfromMr.Mooresdetract。嫩毁者）.DHetickedoffanumb

56、erofnegativestatisticstocounterthepositiveonesofferedbyMr.Moore.EHealthcareisthepreventiontreatment,andmanagementofillness.FThisisparticularlytrueinhealthcare,amarketinwhichscarce稀罕的）goodsareridiculouslyexpensivebutneededbyeverybody.第 6 6 部分：完形填空（第 51516565 题，每题 1 1 分，共 1515 分）下面的短文有 1515 处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定 1 1 个最佳选项。TheGreatestMysteryofWhalesThewhaleisamammal甫孚L动物）warmblooded,air-breathing,givingbirthtoitsyoungalive,suckingthemand,likeallmammals,originatedonland,Therearemanysignsofthis.（51）frontflippers（鳍肢）,usedforsteeringandstabilityaretracesoffeet.Immensestrengthisbuiltintothe