高中英语句子成分分析稿件

1、句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分A.主语I定义：是一个句子所叙述的主体。一般位于句首，但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。II主语的表现形式1. 名词Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.ProfessorZhangisafamousscientist.2. 代词WeoftenspeakEnglishinandoutofcl

2、ass.Whoisthemanstandingoverthere?3. 数词One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Twotimesfiveisten.4. 不定式Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.TomasterEnglishisuseful.5. 动名词Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Playingfootballinthestreetisdangerous.6. 名词化的形容词Therichshouldhelpthepoor.InthenewChina,theoldarelivingahap

3、pylife.7. 从句WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecidedyet.Whetherhe'lljoinusinthediscussionisofgreatimportance.8. itItisdangerousplayingwithfireItisimportanttolearnEnglish.Itisapitythathecannotswim.BI定义：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。II谓语的构成1. 简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepracticesrunningeve

4、rymorning.Shetakesgoodcareofhermother.2. 复合谓语(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.You'dbetternottakethemagazineoutofthereading-room.Hehascaughtabadcold.Shedoesritseemtolikedancing(2)由系动词加表语构成。Wearestudents.Helookedabitexcited.C. 表语I定义：用于说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如sound,feel,taste,look

5、,get,go,become,remain,turn等)之后。II表语的表现形式表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。1. 名词MyteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Heisanastronaut.2.Isityours?That'sallIwanttotellyou.2. 形容词Theweatherhasturnedcold.3. 分词Thespeechisexciting.TheteacherwaspleasedwithmyspokenEnglish.4. 数词Threetimessevenistwenty-

6、one.Heisalwaysthefirsttoentertheoffice.5. 不定式HisjobistoteachEnglish.Theirplanistofinishtheexperimentinaweek.6. 动名词Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Mywishisstudyinglawinauniversity.7. 介词短语Themachinemustbeoutoforder.Heisagainstourplan.8. 副词Timeisup.Theclassisover.Myfatherisn'tin.Heisout.9. 表语从句Thetruthis

7、thathe'sneverbeenabroad.WhatIwanttoknowiswhenwe'llhavethesportsmeet.D. 宾语I定义：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。II宾语的表现形式1.名词Heisgoingtobuyadictionary.2. 代词Weshouldlearnfromhim.3. 数词-Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?-1havefive.4. 名词化的形容词或分词Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Weshouldtak

8、ethewoundedtothehospitalimmediately.5. 不定式（短语）Hepretendednottoseeme.Shedidn'tknowwhattodonext.6. 动名词（短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.HepractisesspeakingEnglisheveryday.7. 从句Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.Heaskedmewhosepronunciationwasthebestintheclass.III宾语的种类1. 直接宾语Lendmeyourdictionary,please

9、.2.Thecompanysentusafewcomputerslastyear.Hesentabirthdaygifttomeyesterday.2. 复合宾语Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.Ifoundthebabyveryhappy.Thenextdayhefoundhimselfinthehospitalwhenhewoke.IoftenaskhimtohelpmewithmyEnglish.Ifinditeasytoanswerthisquestion.3. 介词宾语Inourschoolabouttwo-thirdsofthestudentsarefromth

10、enorth.E.宾语补足语I .定义：有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态，以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.II .宾语补足语的表现形式1. 用名词表示HisfathernamedhimJim.WeconsiderMr.Zhanganexcellentteacher.2. 用形容词及其短语表示Webelievedthereportuntrue.Isawhimyoungandstrong,andnowheisoldandworn.3.

11、用不定式及其短语表示Healwaysencouragedmetoworkhard.Nobodynoticedhimentertheroom.4. 用现在分词及其短语表示Wesawhimenteringtheroom.IheardhersinginganEnglishsong.5. 用过去分词及其短语表示Theyfoundthecitygreatlychanged.6. 用as引出宾语补足语常用的有regard/treat/take/consider/lookuponasWetakeEnglishasausefultoolforresearchwork.Ilookuponhimasmyteach

12、er.7. 用介词短语表示Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Wheneveryoumaygo,youwillfindhimatwork.8. 用副词表示Letthefreshairin.Isawhimoutwithhisfather.9. 用从句表示Wewillmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.F.定语I .定义：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。II .定语的表现形式1. 形容词Itisabeautifulcity.2. 分词（短语）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadeveloped

13、country.Whoisthemanshakinghandswithourteacher?Thisisthebridgebuiltlastyear.3. 名词Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.Theyaregoingtoputupawallnewspapernextweekcoffeecupstonebridgeshoeshop4. 代词HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.5. 数词Morethanthirtystudentsinourclasshavereadthebook.6. 名词所有格Mary&

14、#39;sparentshavegoneabroad.Youshouldfollowthedoctor'sadvice.7. 不定式Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.Ihavealotofworktodo.8. 动名词Theteachingplanforthenexttermhasbeenworkedout.Youmustn'ttakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom9. 介词短语Whoisthegirlinred?HeisreadingabookabouthowtolearnEnglish.

15、10. 副词Anoiseoutsidemadehimturnaround.Themanintheroombelowisfriendly.11. 从句IwillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmether.G.状语I .定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状tH*。II .状语的表现形式1. 副词及副词性词组Lighttravelsmostquickly.2. 介词短语Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3. 不定式（短语）Theboxistooheavyformetolift.4. 分词（短语）Heisinther

16、oomreadingabook.Encouragedbytheteacher,ImadeupmymindtostudyEnglishwell.5. 名词（短语）Waitaminute.Wouldyoupleasecomethisway?6. 从句ImustworkharderinorderthatImaycatchupwiththeothers.III .状语的种类1. 时间状语Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?Whenitrains,Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.2. 原因状语LastnightIdidn'tgotothepartybecauseo

17、ftherain.Sinceyouareverybusy,Iwon'ttroubleyou.3. 条件状语Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.4. 地点状语Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.5. 方式状语HehasgreatlyimprovedhisspokenEnglishbythismeans.6. 伴随状语Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.Theteachercamein,followedbyagroupofstudents.7.目的

18、状语Iwenttheretoseeafriendofmine.BringitclosersothatImayseeitbetter.8. 结果状语Heissogoodateacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim.9. 让步状语Sheworkshardthoughsheisold.10. 程度状语Iquiteagreewithyou.11. 比较状语Iamtallerthanheis.ThemoreIspeakEnglish,thebetterIwillbe.H. 同位语I .定义：位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况。II .同位语的表现形式I. 名词Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.2. 代词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.3. 数词Heistheoldestamongthemfour.4. 从句Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwo