汽车构造英文翻译

1、汽车构造英文翻译CHAPTER1AUTOMOTIVEBASICS1.1PrincipalComponents主要构成零部件Todaysaveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscangroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipment.现在，一般汽车由大约一万五千多个独立的零部件组成。这些部件分为四大类，即发动机（引擎系统），车身，底盘和电气设备。1.2Engine发动机/

2、引擎系统Theengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Bothenginesarecaengines;theburningfuelgenerateshea

3、twhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindeledheattoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.引擎的作用是动力产生的部件。内燃机引擎最为常见。引擎通过燃烧其汽缸内的液体汽油来获得能量（将汽油的能量转化为动能来驱动汽车）。引擎分为汽油（火花引燃式）发动机和柴油（压燃式）发动机。这两类发动机都被称为热力机。燃烧的汽油产生热量，促使汽缸内的气体气压增强，从而提供能量以旋转（启动）传输轴。1.3Body车身Anautomobilebodyisasheetmetal

4、shellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.汽车车身是由金属薄片壳、车窗、车门、发动机罩和行李舱盖等共同构成。车身为发动机，乘客和货物提供了一个防护罩。车身的设

5、计应该遵循保证乘客安全和舒适的原则。车身的风格使汽车具有了引人注目、彩色的，现代的外立面。1.4Chassis底盘Thechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthetransmission,suspension,steerng,andbrakesystems.底盘由汽车的主要操作系统组装而成。包括传动系、行驶系、转向系和制动系四部分。Transmissionsystemsconveysthedrivetothewheels.Themaincomponen

6、tsareclutch,gearbox,driveshaft,finaldrive,anddifferential.传动系-将驱动力传递到车轮。主要组成部件是离合器、变速箱、传动轴、主减速器和差速器。Suspensionabsorbstheroadshocks.悬挂系-吸收路面震动。Steeringcontrolsthedirectionofthemovement.转向系-控制汽车的行驶方向。Brakeslwsdownthevehicle.制动系-使汽车减速缓行。1.5ElectricalEquipment电气设备Theelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfo

7、rtheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofthebattery,alternator(orgenerator).Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheenginesmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.电系统为点火，喇叭，灯光，发热器和起动器提供电。通过循环充电来维持电

8、量。这条电路由电池，交流发电机（或者发电机）组成。蓄电池储存电。交流发电机把发动机的机械能换成电能并给电池再充电1. ReviewQuestionsListthemainpartsofanautomobile?2. Whatarethecommontypesofavehicleaccordingtobodystyling?3. Whichsystemsdoesachassisincludeandwhatarethemainfunctionsofthechassis?4. Whyaresuspensionsystemsusedonvehicles?CHAPTER2INTERNALCOMBUSTI

9、ONENGINE内燃发动机2.1 principleofoperation发动机的工作原理/操作原理Engineandpower发动机与能量Engineisusedtoproducepower.发动机产生动能。Thechemicalenergyinfuelisconvertedtoheatbytheburningofthefuelatacontrolledrate.Thisprocessiscalledcombustion.Ifenginecombustionoccurswiththepowerchamber,theengineiscalledinternalcombustionengine.

10、Ifcombustiontakesplaceoutsidethecylinder,theengineiscalledanexternalcombustionengine.汽油燃料通过受控速度的燃烧讲白身的化学能转化为热能。这个engines.汽车的过程称作燃烧。如果发动机的内燃在燃料室中发上，发动机被称作内燃发动机。如果内燃发生在汽缸外，发动机则被称作外燃发动机。Engineusedinautomobilesareinternalcombustionheat发动机是内燃发动机Heatenergyreleasedinthecombustionchamberraisesthetemperature

11、ofthecombustiongaseswiththechamber.Theincreaseingastemperaturecausesthepressureofthegasestoincrease.Thepressuredevelopedwithinthecombustionchamberisappliedtotheheadofapistontoproducemechanicalforce,whichisthenconvertedintousefulmechanicalpower.ausable燃烧汽缸中释放的热能将汽缸内的内燃其他温度升高。气体温度的升高导致其他压强增大汽缸内的压强不断产生

12、以用于活塞头产生可用的机械动力，随后转变成为有用的机械动能。2.1.2EngineTerms发动机术语Linkingthepistonbyaconnectingrodtoacrankshaftcausesthegastorotatetheshaftthroughhalfaturn.连动杆将汽缸活塞与机轴联接起来，这种连接促使气体Thepowerstrokeusesup”thegas,someansmustbeprovidedtoexpeltheburntgasandrechargethecylinderwithafreshpetrol-airmixture:thiscontrolofgasmo

13、vementisthedutyofthevalves;aninletvalveallowsthenewmixturetoenterattherighttimeandanexhaustvalveletsouttheburntgasafterthegashasdoneitsjob.Enginetermsare:TDC(TopDeadCenter):thepositionofthecrankandpistonwhenthepistonisfartherawayfromthecrankshaft.上止占BDC(BottomDeadCenter):thepositionofthecrankandpist

14、onwhenthepistonisnearesttothecrankshaft.下止点Stroke:thedistancebetweenBDCandTDC;strokeiscontrolledbythecrankshaft.冲程Bore:theinternaldiameterofthecylinder.内孑L(汽缸的内直径)Sweptvolume:thevolumebetweenTDCandBDC.活塞排量Enginecapacity:thisisthesweptvolumeofallthecylindere.g.afour-strokehavingacapacityoftwoliters(2

15、000cm)hasacylindersweptvolumeof50cm.发动机容积Clearancevolume:thevolumeofthespaceabovethepistonwhenitisatTDC.汽缸余隙容积Compressionratio=(sweptvol+clearancevol)(clearancevol)压缩率Two-stroke:apowerstrokeeveryrevolutionofthecrank.二冲程-ft柄旋转一圈作功一次。Four-stroke:apowerstrokeeveryotherrevolutionofthecrank.四冲程-曲柄旋转两圈作功一

16、次。2.1.3TheFour-strokeSpark-ignitionEngineCycleThespark-ignitionengineisaninternal-combustionenginewithexternallysuppliedinignition,whichconvertstheenergycontainedinthefueltokineticenergy.发动机火花点火是内燃机外部提供点火，动能燃料中的能量转换。Thecycleofoperationsisspreadoverfourpistonstrokes.Tocompletethefullcycleittakestwore

17、volutionsofthecrankshaft.遍布四个活塞冲程周期操作。以完成整个周期，它需要两个转曲轴。Theoperatingstrokesare:Thisstrokeintroducesamixtureofatomizedgasolineandairintothecylinder.Thestrokestartswhenthepistonmovesdownwardfromapositionnearthetopofthecylinder.Asthepistonmovesdownward,avacuum,orlow-pressurearea,iscreated.这种风引入雾化的汽油和空气进

18、入气缸的混合。开始时，活塞向下移动从汽缸顶部附近的位置。作为活塞向下移动，真空或低压区。Duringtheintakestroke,oneoftheportsisopenedbymovingtheinletvalve.Theexhaustvalveremainstightlyclosed.在进气冲程，是通过移动进气阀打开。排气阀门仍然紧闭。Compressionstroke压缩行程Asthepistonmovesupwardtocompressthefuelmixturetrappedinthecylinder,thevalvesareclosedtightly.Thiscompression

19、actionheatstheair/fuelmixtureslightlyandconfinesitwithinasmallareacalledthecombustionchamber.当活塞向上移动压缩燃料混合物，阀门闭得紧紧的。这种压缩动作稍微加热空气/燃料混合物和局限在小范围内被称为燃烧室。Powerstroke动力冲程Justbeforethepistonreachesthetopofitscompressionstroke,anelectricalsparkisintroducedfromasparkplugscrewedintothecylinderhead.Thesparkign

20、itesthecompressed,heatedmixtureoffuelandairinthecombustionchambertocauserapidburning.Theburningfuelproducesintenseheatthatcausesrapidexpansionofthegasescompressedwithinthecylinder.Thispressureforcesthepistondownward.Thedownwardstroketurnsthecrankshaftwithgreatforce.就在活塞到达其压缩冲程，电火花引进火花塞旋入气缸中。火花点燃燃烧室压

21、缩，加热燃料和空气混合物导致迅速燃烧。燃料燃烧产生强烈的热，导致迅速扩张汽缸内的压缩气体。这种压力迫使活塞向下Exhauststroke排气冲程Justbeforethebottomofthepowerstroke,theexhaustvalveopens.Thisallowsthepiston,asitmovesupward,topushthehot,burnedgasesoutthroughtheopenexhaustvalve.Then,justbeforethepistonreachesitshighestpoint,theexhaustvalveclosesandtheinletvalveopens.As