(完整word版)给排水专业英语汇总

1、UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering排水工程sewage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering水文学 hydrology水力学 hydranlies水环境 natural aquatic environment流域 watershed水体 waterbody地表水 surface water淡水 freshwater地下水 groundwater含水层 aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground

2、aquifer水文循环natural hydrologic cycle废水 wastewater废水收集废水处理受纳水体wastewater collection wastewater disposal receiving wate|污染 pollution pollute污染物 pollutant玷污、污染 contamination致污物未污染contaminantuncontaminated水污染 water pollution水污染控制water pollution control水污染防治 water pollution prevention 污水回用wastewater reuse

3、UNIT 2水短缺 water | scarcity 地表水资源surface water resource管网 Pipe Network供水系统water supply system滤水入发腾滑降渗蒸蒸infiltrationprecipitationprecolationevaporationtranspiration城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle水源 water source 水资源 water 取水 water|withdrawal 水处理 water treatment 配水water distribution用水water use污水 sewagereso

4、urce市政配水系统建筑给水系统 分区供水系统 小区 micromunicipal distribution systemhouse water supply systemdual distribution systemdistrict小社区 small community冷水供水系统cold water supply system热水供水系统hot water supply system消防系统fire protection system喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system 自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system 半自动水幕系统

5、semi automatic drencher system排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流。combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainage system卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统 water transmission system 漏水率 leakage rate配水系统 环状管网water distribution s

6、ystem grid (looped)system支状管网branching(branched) system下水管道sanitary pewer污水节流管intercepting(中间截取 )sewer污水节流系统intercepting sewer system污水节流井sewage intercepting well支管 collection (目 的： 收集 )sewer collector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物 indust

7、rial wastes农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水 水位 海拔、rainwater stormwater waterlevel标高 elevation坡度grade倾斜度 slope明渠Open channel16开挖excavation深度 excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis水头 pressure head总水头 total headUnit 3水头损失 Head loss速度头动压头 Velocity head静压 Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic gr

8、ade line重力流Gravity flow水塔 Water castle 贮水箱Cistern泵站 Pump station 给水泵站Water pump station污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant增压泵Booster pump离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管 Siphon 人孔 Manhole 法兰 Flange 阀门 Valve 闸阀 Gate valve 泵送系统 Pumping system 流量Flow rate流速Fluid

9、 velocity层流 Laminar flow滞流粘性流 viscous flow过渡流 Transitional flow湍流 Turbulent flow紊流 Turbulence flow涡流 Eddying flow雷诺数 Teynolds number水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水 Raw water未处理水Untreated water出水 Finished water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality standards水质要求Water quality require

10、ments饮用水Drink waterpotable water自来水Tap water纯水 Pure water饮用水标准 Drinking water standards饮用水一级标 Primary drinking water standards 最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物Primary contaminants有机化合物Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化

11、合物Volatile organic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物 Micro organismsmicrobes微生物污染Microbial contaminants病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms病原体 Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒 Viruses藻类 Algae浊度 Turbidity放射 TRadionuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美 Esthetic味 Taste嗅 Odo色 Colou

12、r变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质Physical quality of water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity unit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor number化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数 Chemical parameters of water quality 溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do balance氧损 Oxygen de

13、pletion有机污染物Organic pollutant生化需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解 Total dissolved(TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和镒Dissolved iron and manganese硬度 Hardness碱度 Alkalinity盐度 Salinity有害物质Toxi

14、c and hazardous materials氧化物 Cyanides急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因 Gene难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals永久性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿 Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药 Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecti

15、cide除草齐JHerbicide杀菌齐1JGermicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative保证 Preserve清洗剂Cleaning agent洗涤剂Detergent发泡齐 UFoaming agent泡沫 Foam化肥 Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes回用水 Redaimed water水处理过程Water processing收集 Collect处置 Dispo

16、se处理方法Treatment method处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式 Batch treatment approach均匀均化 Equalization均匀 Equalize调蓄水池Equalization storage调节池 Equalization tank蓄水池 Storage tank降解 Degrade分解 Decompose分离 Separate隔离 Separation物理法 Physical process物理处理Physical treatment物理处理过程Phys

17、ical treatment process一级处理Primary treatment初步处理Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤 Screening格栅 Screen格栅 Bar screen栅条 Bars钢栅条 Steel bars渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机Circular grinder破碎 Grind除砂 Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂 Grit removal沉砂池 Grit chamber沉淀 Settling沉淀池 Settling tank澄清？CClarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池 Primary

18、 settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级处理Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process生物处理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池 Secondary settling tank最终澄清池 Final clarifier 最终沉淀池 Final settling tank 二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理 Advanced treatment 废水?肖毒Waste disinfect

19、ion出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水 High-quality polished effluent 废水处理厂Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment 市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant 污水处理能力Sew

20、age treatment capacity电容 Capacitance 污水处理设施Municipal treatment facilities多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility处理?tkTreatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic 周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分：物化处理1.混凝 n. coagulation2.沉淀 n.

21、 sedimentation混凝过程coagulation process沉降 n. sedimentation化学混凝chemical coagulation自由沉降 plain settling凝聚 n. aggregation拥挤沉降hindered settling絮凝 n. flocculation沆降 gravity settlingv. flocculate沉淀池 settling tank异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank同 向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation矩形沉淀池 rect

22、angular settling tank混凝齐 Un. coagulant圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank混凝齐 U 投量coagulant dosage管式沆淀池 tube settler烧杯实验jar test斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler最佳混凝齐 U投量optimum coagulant dosage板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler助凝剂 coagulant aid板式沉淀池 plate separator助凝剂 flocculation aid气浮 n. floatation聚电解质 n. po

23、lyelectrolytes泡沫分离foam separation快速混合 flash-mix ,溶气气浮dissolved-air floatationrapid-mix气浮池 floatation tank快速混合器 flash mixer ,表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming devicerapid mixer撇去 v. skim混合?mmixer tank浮渣 n. scum快速混合池flash-mix tank浮渣槽 scum trough絮凝器 n. flocculator舌 U 泥机sludge scraper絮凝池 flocculation tank排泥 sludg

24、e drawoffsludge withdrawal固体接触池solids-contact tank预沉淀 n. presedimentation澄清 n. clarification预沉淀池presedimentation basinv. clarify澄清?n. clarifier3.过滤 n. filtration高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier滤池 n. filter澄清水clarifying water慢滤？tkslow filter快滤池 rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池 high rate filter 砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow s

25、and filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质，滤料 filter medium石英砂 silica sand无烟煤 n. anthracite硅藻 土diatomaceous earth煤一砂滤床 coal-sand beds 多层滤料 multilayered media 混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池 dual media filter 双层滤池 two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media纤3滤料fine media助滤剂 filter aid滤后水，滤出水

26、filtered water滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle舌 ij 砂法scraping method表面舌 ij砂surface scraping反冲洗 backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grading4 .消毒 n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒齐 Un. disinfe

27、ctantdisinfection agent杀菌齐 Un. germicide消毒过程 disinfection process消毒副产物disinfection by-products氯化 n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water预氯化 n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination化学消毒齐 Uchemical disinfectants液氯 liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines次氯酸盐hypochlori

28、tes次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation臭氧化 v. ozonate紫外线（UV） ultraviolet radiation （UV） 伽马射线 gamma radiation灭活 n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间 contact time需氯量 chlorine demand力口氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine , free available chlor

29、ine 化合氯 combined chlorine 乘 U 余保护residual protection余氯 residual chlorine 余氯量 chlorine residual 自 由余氯 free residual chlorine 自 由氯余量 free chlorine residual 化合余氯combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法） breakpoint chlorination 折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量 breakpoint

30、dosage 氯折点 chlorine breakpoint 压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder 臭氧发生器 ozone generator 需臭氧量 ozone demand 乘U余臭氧量ozone residual乘 U 余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms 病原体 n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌 n. bacteria 大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts 抱子，芽抱 n. spo

31、res 病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5 .氧化n. oxidation还原 n. reduction氧化剂n. oxidant强氧化齐 Ustrong oxidizing agent高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化工艺(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6 .吸附 n. adsorption活性炭(AC) ac

32、tivated carbon粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon 颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon 活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber 再生 n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂n. adsorbent吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bed contact time吸附带mass trans

33、fer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon7.离子交换n. ion exchange离子交换树月旨ion exchange resin离子交换器ion exchanger离子交换柱ion exchange column硬度n. hardness除硬 hardness removal软化n. softeningv. soften化学软化chemical softening沉淀软化precipitation softening除盐，脱盐 n. desaltinationv. d

34、esalt去矿化 n. demineralization v. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process离子交换除盐法ion exchange desalting process复床 combined bed 混合床 mixed bed8 .膜分离 membrane separation微滤n.microfiltration超滤n.hyperfiltration纳滤n.nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n.osmosis半透膜semipermeable membrane电渗析n. electrodial

35、ysis渗析n. dialysis9 .其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemical precipitation沉淀软化 precipitation softening电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n. electrodeionization 吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping冷去口n. cooling冷去口水 cooling water 冷去哗 cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器 n. bioreactor微生物 n. microorganisms n. mi

36、crobes微生物种群 microbial population混合群落mixed communities细菌n.bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n.fungi轮虫 n. rotifers生长n.growth繁殖n.reproduction世代时间generation time生长速率growth rates环境因子 environmental factors生态因子 ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics1 .迟滞期 lag phase2 .对数生长期exponential-growth phase3 . 减速

37、生长期decling growth phase稳定期 stationary phase4 . 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage 内源生长期 endogenous growth phase内源呼吸endogenous respiration底物，基质 n. substrate底物（基质）利用 substrate utilization生物量 n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidation生物降解n. biodegradation生物降解性 n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. bi

38、odegradable不可生物 B解的a. nonbiodegradable生物处理biological treatment废水生物处理biological wastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatmentsystem污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatment system生物处理法biological treatment process生物处理装置biological treatment unit串联 in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment pro

39、cesses生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes附着的微生物 attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜 n. biofilm代谢 n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化n. stabilization生物代谢biological metabolism微生物代谢microbial metabolism好氧白a aaerobic好氧菌 ，aerobic bacteria好氧微生物a

40、erobic microorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性白afacultative兼性菌 facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environmentv. stabilize厌氧环境anaerobic environment营养物 n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷

41、nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物石肖化biological nitrification而肖化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification生物除磷biological phosphorus removal1 .活性污泥法 activated sludge process微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes细菌 n. bacteria生物絮体 biological floc微生物絮体 microbial floc 活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥

42、flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥（RAS） returned activated sludge回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge乘 U 余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥 （WAS） waste activated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aeration

43、混合n. mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器 n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor鼓风机，风机 n. blower循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器） bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser扩散板 plate diffuser扩散管 tube diffuser扩散罩 dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fin

44、e-bubble diffused aeration微气泡 fine-bubble大气泡 coarse-bubble 静态混合器 static mixer机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems机械曝气mechanical aeration传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludge plant序批式反应器 （SBR） sequencing batch reactor （SBR）表囿曝气surface aeration阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process序批式反应器 （SBR） se

45、quential batch reactor表面曝气器 surface aerator分段 v. step初沉 primary clarification需氧重 oxygen demand进水负荷 influent load曝气 n. aeration供气量 air supply分段进水 step loading二沉 secondary clarification氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency渐减 v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier可沉降固体settleabl

46、e solids接触稳定活性污泥法泵送系统 pumping system挥发性固体 volatile solidscontact stabilization activated sludge process活性污泥法activated sludge process非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids再曝气 n. reaeration变体 n. variant挥发性悬浮固体（VSS） volatile suspended solids曝气一沉淀一再曝气SBR运行周期 SBR cycle混合液 mixed liquoraeration-sedimentation-reaeration处

47、理周期process cycle混合液悬浮固体（MLSS）mixed liquor suspended完全好氧处理法进水阶段fill phasesolidscomplete aerobic treatment process进水 Kinfluent valve混合液挥发性悬浮固体（MLVSS） mixed liquor volatile高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法反应阶段react phasesuspended solidshigh-rate （completely mixed） activated sludge process沉淀阶段settle phase污泥沉降比（SV） settlin

48、g velocity延时曝气活性污泥法清水，上清液clear water污泥容积指数（SVI） sludge volume indexextended aeration activated sludge process上清液 n. supernatant比耗氧速率 （SOUR） specific oxygen uptake rate延时曝气法extended aeration process延时曝气extended aeration排水阶段 draw phase泽水阶段 decant phase污泥龄 sludge age氧化 ¥goxidation ditch潍水装置 decant

49、 mechanism曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase曝气时间aeration time笼型转刷caged rotor营养物去除nutrient removal水力停留时间 （HRT） hydraulic residence time吸附一生物降解工艺 （AB法）营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal水力负荷hydraulic loadingadsorption-biodegradation pr

50、ocess碳源 carbon sourceBOD 负荷 BOD loading序批式活性污泥法（SBR 法）sequencing batch reactor（SBR） process >石肖化 n. nitrification v. nitrify普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process序批式活性污泥法（SBR 法）sequential batch reactor而肖化菌nitrifying bacteria传统活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process（SBR） process反而肖化n. den

51、itrification标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge processSBR 法 SBR processv. denitrify生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotating biological contactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴horizontal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器

52、fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）moving-bed biofilm reactor3.厌氧生物处理发酵 n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌n. acidogens产甲烷细菌n. methanogens产酸阶段acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase水解 n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷methanogenesis产酸菌acid formers

53、产甲烷菌methane formers ,脱氮 n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧一好氧脱氮工艺（A/O法）anoxic-oxic process厌氧一缺氧一好氧法 （A /Oanaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process 脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化 （ANAMMOX）anaerobic ammonium oxidation 生物除磷biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器（MBR）membrane biological reactor2 .生物膜法生物膜 n. biofilm生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor生物滤池n.b