2016年12月六级真题第3套

1、2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayoncreation.Youressayshouldincludetheimportanceofcreationandmeasurestobetakentoencouragecreation.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minute

2、s）（说明：由于2016年12月六级考试全国只出了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现）PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefor

3、emakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Smallcommunities,withtheirdistinctivecharacterwherelifeisstableandintenselyhumanaredisappearing.Somehave

4、26fromthefaceoftheearth,othersaredyingslowly,butallhave27changesastheyhavecomeintocontactwithan28machinecivilization.Themergingofdiversepeoplesintoacommonmasshasproducedtensionamongmembersoftheminoritiesandthemajorityalike.TheOldOrderAmish,whoarrivedonAmericanshoresincolonialtimes,have29inthemodernw

5、orldindistinctive,smallcommunities.Theyhaveresistedthehomogenization30moresuccessfullythanothers.Inplantingandharvesttimeonecanseetheirbeardedmenworkingthefieldswithhorsesandtheirwomenhangingoutthelaundryinneatrowstodry.ManyAmericanpeoplehaveseenAmishfamilies,withthemenwearingbroad-brimmedblackhatsa

6、ndthewomeninlongdresses,inrailwayorbus31AlthoughtheAmishhavelivedwith32Americaforovertwoandahalfcenturies,theyhavemoderateditsinfluenceontheirpersonallives,theirfamilies,communities,andtheirvalues.TheAmishareoften33byotherAmericanstoberelicsofthepastwholiveasimple,inflexiblelifededicatedtoinconvenie

7、ntout-datedcustoms.Theyareseenasabandoningbothmodern34andtheAmericandreamofsuccessandprogress.ButmostpeoplehavenoquarrelwiththeAmishfordoingthingstheold-fashionedway.Theirconscientiousobjectionwastoleratedinwartime,forafterall,theyaregoodfarmerswho35thevirtuesofworkandthrift.A)accessingI)progressB)c

8、onveniencesJ)respectiveC)destinedK)survivedD)expandingL)terminalsE)industrializedM)undergoneF)perceivedN)universalG)practiceO)vanishedH)processSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifythe

9、paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2CountriesRushforUpperHandinAntarcticasfirstOrthsfuturisticA Onaglacier-filledislandwithfjords(峡湾)andelephantseals,Russiahasbuil

10、tAntarcticachurchonahilloverlookingitsresearchbase.Lessthananhourawaybysnowmobile,Chineselabourershave'splantooopAnaaectvabcompletewithanupdatedtheGreatWallStation,avitalpartofChinaindoorbadmintoncourtandsleepingquartersfor150people.Nottobeoutdone,Indiabase,builtonstilts(桩子)using134interlockings

11、hippingcontainers,resemblesaspaceship.TurkeyandIranhaveannouncedplanstobuildbases,too.B Morethanacenturyhaspassedsinceexplorersracedtoplanttheirflagsatthebottomoftheworld,andfordecadestocomethiscontinentissupposedtobeprotectedasascientificpreserve,shieldedfromintrusionslikemilitaryactivitiesandminin

12、g.Butanarrayofcountriesarerushingtoassertgreaterinfluencehere,withaneyenotjusttowardsthedaythoseprotectivetreatiesexpire,butalsoforthestrategicandcommercialopportunitiesthatalreadyexist.Thenewerplayersaresteppingintowhattheyviewasatreasurehouseofresources.SomeoftheventuresfocusontheAntarcticresource

13、sthatarealreadyupforgrabs,likeabundantsealife.SouthKorea,whichoperatesstate-of-the-artbaseshere,isincreasingitsfishingofkrill（磷虾）,foundinabundanceintheSouthernOcean,whileRussiarecentlyfrustratedeffortstocreateoneoftheworld'slargestoceansanctuarieshere.C Somescientistsareexaminingthepotentialforh

14、arvestingicebergsfromAntarctica,whichisestimatedtohavethebiggestreservesoffreshwaterontheplanet.Nationsarealsopressingaheadwithspaceresearchandsatelliteprojectstoexpandtheirglobalnavigationabilities.BuildingonaSoviet-erafoothold,RussiaisexpandingitsmonitoringstationsforGlonass,itsversionoftheGlobalP

15、ositioningSystem（GPS）.AtleastthreeRussianstationsarealreadyoperatinginAntarctica,partofitsefforttochallengethedominanceoftheAmericanGPS,andnewstationsareplannedforsitesliketheRussianbase,intheshadowoftheOrthodoxChurchoftheHolyTrinity.D ElsewhereinAntarctica,Russianresearchersboastoftheirrecentdiscov

16、eryofafreshwaterreservethesizeofLakeOntarioafterdrillingthroughmilesofsolidice."Youcanseethatwe'rdneretostay,saidVladimirCheberdak,57,chiefoftheBellingshausenStation,ashesippedteaunderaportraitofFabianGottliebyonBellingshausen,ahigh-rankingofficerintheImperialRussianNavywhoexploredtheAntarc

17、ticcoastin1820.Antarctica'smineral,oilandgaswealtharealongeramprize.Thetreatybanningmininghere,shieldingcoveted（令人垂涎的）reservesofironore,coalandchromium,comesupforreviewin2048.Researchersrecentlyfoundkimberlite（金伯利岩）depositshintingattheexistenceofdiamonds.Andwhileassessmentsvarywidely,geologistse

18、stimatethatAntarcticaholdsatleast36billionbarrelsofoilandnaturalgas.BeyondtheAntarctictreaties,hugeobstaclespersisttotappingtheseresources,likedriftingicebergsthatcouldjeopardiseoffshoreplatforms.ThenthereisAntarctica'sremoteness,withsomemineraldepositsf（windsweptlocationsonacontinentthatislarge

19、rthanEuropeandwherewintertemperatureshoveraroundminus55degreesCelsius.E ButadvancesintechnologymightmakeAntarcticaalotmoreaccessiblethreedecadesfromnow.Andevenbeforethen,scholarswarn,thedemandforresourcesinanenergy-hungryworldcouldraisepressuretorenegotiateAntarctica'streaties,possiblyallowingmo

20、recommercialendeavoursherewellbeforetheprohibitionsagainstthemexpire.TheresearchstationsonKingGeorgeIslandofferaglimpseintothelonggameonthisice-blanketedcontinentasnationsassertthemselves,erodingtheswaylongheldbycountriesliketheUnitedStates,Britain,AustraliaandNewZealand.BeingstationedinAntarcticain

21、volvesadaptingtolifeontheplanet'sdriest,windiestandcoldestyeteachnationmanagestomakeitselfathome.BeardedRussianpriestsofferregularservicesattheOrthodoxchurchforthe16orsoRussianspeakerswhospendthewinteratthebase,largelypolarscientistsinfieldslikeglaciologyandmeteorology.Theirnumberclimbstoabout40

22、inthewarmersummermonths.Chinahasarguablythefastest-growingoperationsinAntarctica.Itopeneditsfourthstationlastyearandispressingaheadwithplanstobuildafifth.Itisbuildingitssecondice-breakingshipandsettingupresearchdrillingoperationsonanicedome13,422feetabovesealevelthatisoneoftheplanet'scoldestplac

23、es.ChineseofficialssaytheexpanAntarcticaprioritisesscientificresearch,buttheyalsoacknowledgethatconcernsaboutaresourcesecurity"influencetheirmoves.China'snewlyrenovatedGreatWallStationonKingGeorgeIslandmakestheRussianandChileanbaseshereseemoutdated."Wedoweathermonitoringhereandotherres

24、earch,"NingXu,53,thechiefoftheCbase,saidoverteaduringafierceblizzard（暴风雪）inlateNovember.Thelargebaseheleadsresemblesasnowed-incollegecampusonholidaybreak,withthecapacitytosleepmorethan10timesthe13peoplewhowerestayingonthroughtheAntarcticwinter.YongYu,aChinesemicrobiologist,showedoffthespaciousb

25、uilding,withemptydesksunderanillustratedtimelinedetailingtherapidgrowthofChina'ssincethe1980s."Wenowfeelequippedtogrow,"hesaid.F AssomecountriesexpandoperationsinAntarctica,theUnitedStatesmaintainsthreeyear-roundstationsonthecontinentwithmorethan1,000peopleduringthesouthernhemisphere&#

26、39;summer,includingthoseattheAmundsen-Scottstation,builtin1956atanelevationof9,301feetonaplateauattheSouthPole.ButUSresearchersquietlycomplainaboutbudgetrestraintsandhavingfarfewericebreakersthanRussia,limitingthereachoftheUnitedStatesinAntarctica.ScholarswarnthatAntarcticapolsticaldriftcouldblurthe

27、distinctionbetweenmilitaryandcivilianactivitieslongbeforethecontinent'streatiescomeupforrenegotiation,especiallyinpartsofAntarcticathatareidealforintercepting（拦截）signalsfromsatellitesorretaskingsatellitesystems,potentiallyenhancingglobalelectronicintelligenceoperations.Somecountrieshavehadahardt

28、imehere.Brazilopenedaresearchstationin1984,butitwaslargelydestroyedbyafirethatkilledtwomembersofthenavyin2012,thesameyearthatadiesel-ladenBrazilianbargesanknearthebase.Asifthatwerenotenough,aBrazilianC-130HerculesmilitarytransportplanehasremainedstrandedneartherunwayofChile'sairbasehereslandedjr

29、a2014.G However,Brazil'stsetchofmisfortunehascreatedopportunitiesforChina,withaChinesecompanywinningthe$100millioncontractin2015torebuildtheBrazilianstation.H Amidallthechanges,Antarcticamaintainsitsallure.SouthKoreaopeneditssecondAntarcticresearchbasein2014,describingitasawaytotestrobotsdevelop

30、edbyKoreanresearchersforuseinextremeconditions.WithRussia'shelp,BelarusispreparingtobuilditsfirstAntarcticbase.ColombiasaidthisyearthatitplannedtojoinotherSouthAmericannationswithbasesinAntarctica.I "TheolddaysoftheAntarcticbeingdominatedbytheinterestsandwishesofwhitemenfromEuropean,Austral

31、asianandNorthAmericanstatesareover,"saidKlausDodds,apoliticsscholarattheUniversityofLondonwhospecialisesinAntarctica."TherealityisthatAntarcticaisgeopoliticallycontested.36. AccordingtoChineseofficials,theiractivitiesinAntarcticalaygreateremphasisonscientificresearch.37. Effortstocreateone

32、oftheworld'slargestoceansanctuariesfailedbecauseofRussia'sWithseveralmonitoringstationsoperatinginAntarctica,RussiaistryinghardtocounterAmericadominanceinthefieldofworldwidenavigationalfacilities.38. Accordingtogeologists'estimates,Antarcticahasenormousreservesofoilandnaturalgas.39. Itis

33、estimatedthatAntarcticaboastsoftherichestreservesoffreshwateronearth.40. ThedemandforenergyresourcesmaycompelrenegotiationofAntarcticasbeforetheirexpirEdatieManycountriesareracingagainsteachothertoincreasetheirbusinessandstrategicinfluenceonAntarctica.41. Antarctica'sharshnaturalconditionsconsti

34、tutehugeobstaclestotheexploitationofitsresources.42. Withcompetitionfrommanycountries,Antarcticaisnolongerdominatedbythetraditionalwhitenations.43. AmericanscientistscomplainaboutlackofsufficientmoneyandequipmentfortheirexpansioninAntarctica.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpass

35、ageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anyveterannicotineaddictwilltestifyth

36、atfancypackagingplaysnoroleinthedecisiontokeepsmoking.So,itisargued,strippingcartonsoftheirbrandingwilltriggernomassmovementtoquit.Butthatisn'tthfeyjovernmentunderpressurefromcancercharities,healthworkersandtheLabourpartyhasagreedtolegislateforstandardisedpackaging.Thetheoryisthatsmokingshouldbe

37、strippedofanyappealtodiscouragenewgenerationsfromstartinginthefirstplace.Plainpackagingwouldbeanotherstepinthereclassificationofcigarettesfrominvitingconsumerproductstonarcotics(麻醉剂).Naturally,thetobaccoindustryisviolentlyopposed.Nobusinesslikestoadmitthatitsellsaddictivepoisonasalifestylechoice.Tha

38、tiswhygovernmenthashistoricallyintervened,banningadvertising,imposinghealthwarningsandpunitive(惩罚性的)duties.Thisapproachhasledovertimetoafallinsmokingwithnumbershavingroughlyhalvedsincethe1970s.EvidencefromAustraliasuggestsplainpackagingpushessocietyfurtheralongthatroad.Sincetobaccoisoneofthebiggestc

39、ausesofprematuredeathintheUK,ameasurethattamesthehabitevenbyafractionisworthtrying.Sowhyhasittakensolong?TheDepartmentofHealthdeclareditsintentiontoconsiderthemoveinNovember2010andconsultedthrough2012.ButtheplanwassuspendedinJuly2013.ItdidnotescapenoticethatalobbyingfirmsetupbyLyntonCrosby,DavidCame

40、ron'selectioncampaigndirector,hadpreviouslyactedforPhilipMorrisInternational.(Theprimeministerdeniedtherewasaconnectionbetweenhisnewadviserside'interestsandthechangeinlegislativeprogramme.)InNovember2013,afteranunnecessaryroundofadditionalconsultation,healthministerJaneEllisonsaidthegovernme

41、ntwasmindedtoproceedafterall.NowwearetoldMembersofParliament(MPs)willhaveafr1eevotebeforeparliamentisdissolvedinMarch.Parliamenthasinfactalreadyauthorisedthegovernmenttotamethetobaccotrade.MPsvotedoverwhelminglyinfavourofLabouramendmentstothechildrenandfamiliesbilllastFebruarythatincludedthepowertor

42、egulateforplainpackaging.WithsufficientwillinDowningStreetthiswouldhavebeendonealready.ButstrengthofwillisthemissingingredientwhereMr.Cameronandpublichealthareconcerned.Hisattitudetostateinterventionhaslookedconfusedeversincehisbizarre2006lament(叹惜)thatchocolateorangesplacedseductivelyatsupermarketc

43、heckoutsfueledobesity.Thegovernmenthasmovedreluctantlyintoasensiblepublichealthpolicy,butwithsuchobviousover-cautiousnessthatanypoliticalcreditduebelongstotheopposition.WithoutsustainedexternalpressureitseemscertainMr.Cameronwouldstillbehookedontheinterestsofbigtobaccocompanies.44. Whatdochainsmoker

44、sthinkofcigarettepackaging?A) Fancypackagingcanhelptoengagenewsmokers.B) Ithaslittletodowiththequalityortasteofcigarettes.C) Plainpackagingdiscouragesnon-smokersfromtakingupsmoking.D) Ithaslittleimpactontheirdecisionwhetherornottoquitsmoking.45. WhathastheUKgovernmentagreedtodoconcerningtobaccopacka

45、ging?A) Passalawtostandardisecigarettepackaging.B) Ridcigarettecartonsofalladvertisements.C) Subsidisecompaniestoadoptplainpackaging.D) Reclassifycigarettesaccordingtopackaging.46. WhathashappenedinAustraliawhereplainpackagingisimplemented?A) Prematuredeathratesresultingfromsmokinghavedeclined.B) Th

46、enumberofsmokershasdroppedmoresharplythanintheUK.C) Thesalesoftobaccosubstituteshaveincreasedconsiderably.D) CigarettesaleshavebeenfallingfarmorequicklythanintheUK.47. WhyhasittakensolongfortheUKgovernmenttoconsiderplainpackaging?A) PrimeMinisterCameronhasbeenreluctanttotakeaction.B) Thereisstrongop

47、positionfromveterannicotineaddicts.C) ManyMembersofParliamentareaddictedtosmoking.D) Pressurefromtobaccomanufacturersremainsstrong.48. WhatdidCameronsayaboutchocolateorangesatsupermarketcheckouts?A) Theyfueledalotofcontroversy.B) Theyattractedalotofsmokers.C) TheymademoreBritishpeopleobese.D) Theyha

48、dcertainingredientsmissing.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatawasteofmoney!Inreturnforanaverageof44,000ofdebt,studentsgetanaverageofonly14hoursoflectureandtutorialtimeaweekinBritain.Annualfeeshaverisenfrom£1,000to£9,000inthelastdecade,butcontacttimeatuniversityhasb

49、arelyrisenatall.Andgraduatingdoesn'etvenprovideanyguaranteeofadecentjob:sixintengraduatestodayareinnon-graduatejobs.Nowonderithasbecomefashionabletodenouncemanyuniversitiesaslittlemorethanelaborateon-tricks(骗术).There'salotforstudentstocomplainabout:therepaymentthresholdforpayingbackloanswill

50、befrozenforfiveyears,meaningthatlower-paidgraduateshavetostartrepayingtheirloans;andmaintenancegrantshavebeenreplacedbyloans,meaningthatstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsfacehigherdebtthanthosewithwealthierparents.Yetitstillpaystogotouniversity.Ifgoingtouniversitydoesn'tworkout,studentspayverylanyoft

51、heirtuitionfeesback:youonlystartrepayingwhenyouareearning£21,000ayear.Almosthalfofgraduatesthosewhogoontoearnlesswillhaveaportionoftheirdebtwrittenoff.It'snotjusttheleandtutorialsthatareimportant.Educationisthesumofwhatstudentsteacheachotherinbetweenlecturesandseminars.Studentsdonotmerelybe

52、nefitwhileatuniversity;studiesshowtheygoontobehealthierandhappierthannon-graduates,andalsofarmorelikelytovote.Whateveryourtalents,itisextraordinarilydifficulttogetaleadingjobinmostfieldswithouthavingbeentouniversity.Recruiterscircleeliteuniversitieslikevultures(兀鹰).Manytopfirmswillnotevenlookatappli

53、cationsfromthosewholacka2.1,i.e.,anupper-secondclassdegree,fromaneliteuniversity.Studentsatuniversityalsomeetthoselikelytobeinleadingjobsinthefuture,formingcontactsforlife.Thismightnotberight,butschool-leaverswhofailtoacknowledgeasmuchriskmakingthewrongdecisionaboutgoingtouniversity.Perhapsthereasonwhysomanyuniversitiesoffertheirstudentssolittleistheyknowstudyingatatopuniversityremainsabrilliantinvestmentevenifyoudon'tlearnanything.Studyingatuniversitywillonlybecomelessattractiveifemployersshifttheirfocusawayfromwheresomeonewenttouniversityandthereisnosig