新版新目标英语八年级下册unit4知识点总结

1、Unit 4 Why don t you talk to your parents?Section A1. Why dont you do sth. ?= Why not do sth.? 为什么不 .呢？提建议的句型(1) What about doing sth. ?=How about doingsth.? .怎么样？(2) Why don t youdo sth.?= Why not do sth.? 为什么不呢？(3) Let do ssth. 让我们一起做某事吧。(4) Shall we/I do sth.? 我们做好吗？(5) had better do/not do sth.

2、最好做 /不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth. 请你做好吗？(7) Would you like to do sth.? 你想去做某事吗？(8) Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事吗？【回答】(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用Good idea. / That s good好idea主意.Yes, please. / I d love是的 to/.我愿意No problem. 没问题Yes, I think so. 对，我也这样想OK/ All right. / Great.好/ 行/太好了I agree with you.

3、我同意你的看法Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. 当然可以(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用：I don t think so我.认为不是这样 Sorry, I can I d love to, but我愿意，但恐怕对不t.起，我不能I m afraid恐怕 2.(1)too many + 复数名词(2)too much +不可数名词(3)much too +形容词许多too many people许多 too much homework太much too cold3. soconj. 因此(表示因果关系，后面跟表示结果的句子，不与because同时使用）

4、4.allow v.允许；准许(1) allow doing sth 允许做某事We dontallow smoking in our house.我们不允许在家里抽烟。(2)allow sb.（not）to do sth. (不)允许某人做某事My parents don t allow me to stay up late我.父母不允许我熬夜。Mr. Smith allowed Mike to drive there. 史密斯先生允许迈克开车去那里。(3)be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事(4)allow 与let 的辨析：allow 指允许，表示默许，听任，不加阻止

5、let 指让， let sb. do sth.让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let 不能用于被动语态。5. What s wrong( with sb./ sth.（)某人 /物） 怎么了？6.go to sleep 去睡觉 ( 强调“入睡，睡着 ”这一动作）fall asleep 睡觉 (强调“入睡，睡着 ”这一状态）7.look 看起来 （系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）系动词：后跟 adj. 作表语一是：（ be） am /is /arebe quiet=keep quiet 保持安静二保持： stay/keep （表示持续状态）stay healthy=keep healthy 保持

6、健康三变化： become/get/turn（表示状态变化）五起来： sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）8. call up (v + adv)call on 拜访；号召9. find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.类似动词： hear，watch, see, feel10.look through 浏览look for 寻找look over 检查 ,复习look around 环视翻阅仔细看look after=take car

7、e of照看look through 温习 ,检查look forward to 期望look like look out看起来像look the same看起来一样小心 ,从里向外看look up 向上看 ,查单词11.angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb.对某人生气【 with 后接人】(2)be angry at/about sth对.某事感到生气【 at 后接事】(3)be angry to do sth. 做某事感到生气My father was very _(对生气 )his comput

8、er.He hit the computer _(angry)12.although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。though / although 不能与 but 连用although/however辨析(1)although conj虽然；即使；纵然，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong他.虽然年纪大了，但身体还很健壮。(2) however adv 然而 尽管如此 插入语，起连词作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可放在句首或句中It s raining hard, however,

9、 I think we should go out雨.下的很大，尽管如此，我认为我们还应该出去。13.big deal 表示重要的事情或状况，多用于非正式交流。否定 : It s not a big deal=It s no big deal没.有什么了不起 ; 没什么大不了；不是什么大事（常用于口语中）It s a big deal这.事挺重要的。Whats the big deal? 有什么了不起的？14.hope v 希望(1)hope to do sth.I hope to visit Guilin.(2) hope + that 从句 （表示希望）I hope that you ll

10、 be better soon(3)wish v 希望wish to do sth.I wish to visit Guilin.wish sb.to do sth. 希望某人做某事I wish you to go.wish +that 从句表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气I wish I were you.15. work out 解决；成功地发展，后跟 fine,well, badly 等词，表明产生的结果如何。(1)计算出（答案、数量、价格等） The math problem is too difficult for me to work out(2)制定出（计划等） ,设计出 I have

11、worked out a new way of doing it.(3)解决；找出的答案The government has many problems to work out.(4)work for 为做事，为尽力，被雇佣者16. get on with sb. =get along with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好 get on well/ badly with 相处的好 /坏get on=get along 进展，进步How are you getting on these days?你近来生活如何？17.argue v 争吵 argument(1)argue with

12、sb与某人争吵(2)argue about sth. 争论某事n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论 argue with sb about /over sth. 为某事与某人争吵(3)argue against 争辩；反对He argued against the plan(4) argue for 为 辩护The lawyer argues for the poor man.18. hang over挂在 .之上；悬浮在 .之上(1)hang out 闲逛；常去某处He likes reading and he often hangs out in the

13、bookshop.(2) hang on to 紧紧抓住 You d better hang on to me in the crowd.(3) hang up 挂；悬挂 After she finished her conversation19.elder/older elder adj.年纪较长的His elder brother is ill.(1)elder 表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，表示 “前辈的 ”、“年纪较长的 ”，仅用于同一家庭成员的比较 ;older 则不限于此。older 泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，是old 的比较级形式。My younger son is f

14、ive and my elder son is nine。我的小儿子 5 岁，大儿子 9 岁。Tom is two years older than I汤.姆比我年长两岁。(2)elder 在句中只用作定语，不作表语；older 两者皆可。My elder sister does her homework all by herself.我的姐姐独自做作业。His elder son got married last week.他的长子是上星期结婚的。I think his mother is older. 我认为他的母亲年龄大引起。(3)elder 只能用来指人； older 既可修饰人，也可

15、修饰物。My elder brother joined the army when he was only fifteen我.哥年仅 15 就参了军。This dog is older than any other dogs here这.条狗在这里是最老的一条。I have a sister older than myself我.有位比我大的姐姐。20.be nice to sb. 对某人友好be friendly to sb.be good to sb.21.refuse=say no tov 拒绝refuse to do sth拒.绝去做某事22. instead代替，反而，却(1) in

16、stead adv 代替，句首或句尾 , 表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。Lee was ill so I went instead李.病了，所以我去了。Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.(2) instead of 代替 而不是，是介词短语后接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式,放在句中Instead of going to Qingdao I mgoing to Dalian this year. 今年我打算去XX，而不去XX。She wrote to him instead of calling him.

17、 =She didn t call him. She wrote to him instead.她没有给他打，而是给他写了封信。23. whateverpron. 任何；无论什么 = no matter whatWhatever I suggest, he always disagrees. 无论我提什么建议，他都不同意。(1) whatever 作连接代词或连接副词引导让步状语从句，无论，不管此时 =no matter what,位置前后置都可。(2)whatever 还可引导名词性从句，同时起先行词和关系代词的作用=anything that 或 all that，有任何一切这类意思。此时

18、不能用no matter what替换。(3)no matter+疑问词结构与疑问词 +ever 在用法上的区别no matter+疑问词结构 ,只能引导让步状语从句 =疑问词 +ever疑问词 +ever 还可引导名词性从句No matter where he may be （=Wherever he may be）, he will be happy.(4) 时态由 no matter what/who/where/when引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.无论你是谁，都应该遵守规则。24.

19、 offer v. 主动提出；自愿给予(1) offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事侧重主动或愿意给予，主动提出做某事(2)offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 主动提供给某人某物She offered me a cup of tea.她给我端了杯茶。He offered to go instead of me. 他主动提出代替我去。25.secondlyadv.第二；其次26municate v交流 沟通communication n交流；沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流They communicate with each ot

20、her by QQ.27. explain v 解释；说明 explanation n 解释；说明(1) explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事。(2) explain to sb. sth.给某人解释某事(3) explain + that / what/ why 等从句Can you explain what this means?你能解释一下这个的意思吗？Please explain it to me. 请你向我解释一下吧。28. be worried about sth. 担心某事 worry v 担心 worried adj. 焦急的worry about = be

21、worried about 为 担心29.returnv(1)归还 =give backreturn . to . = give back to .(2)回来；返回= come back把.还给 .30. be afraid of sth/sb 害怕某人 / 某物be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事，侧重主语 “担心、害怕 ”某事发生be afraid to do sth侧重于 “不敢做某事 ”be afraid that-从句害怕，多用于客气地提出个人意见或看法Section B1. press v 按；压 pressure压力(1)不可数名词（物理学）压力air pres

22、sure 气压blood pressure 血压(2)不可数名词还可指精神上、外界施加的压力= stressunder pressure 在压力下2. compete v竞争；对抗competition(1)compete with sb. 和某人竞争(2)compete against/ with 与竞争n 竞争(3)compete for 为 参加比赛We are ready for the coming _(compete).3.improve =make . better 改进 improvement4. opinion n 意见；想法；看法(1)in one s opinion以某人

23、的观点；在某人看来n 提高(2)give opinions about sth.给出关于某事的观点5. some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】分开是一段，合起是某时；分开 s 是倍次，合起 s 是有时(1) some time一段时间，做时间状语It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间(2) sometime adv 在某个时候，(3) some times 名词词组，几次，几倍Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.(4)sometimes=

24、at times 有时 （一般现在时的标志词）6.otherspron.其他的人或事物There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。7. Thy Taylors 泰勒一家。在姓氏复数前加冠词 the 表示全家人或夫妻两人， 用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.8.typical典型的be typical of是 的特点9.cut out 删除；删去(v+adv)cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到You d better cut out that sentence

25、.cut in 插队 ,插话cut off 切断（水、电）供应10.successful adj 成功的 successfully succeed v 成功，达到 successadv 成功地 n 成功succeed in doing sth11.It s time for sth是到做某事的时候了。It s time for lunch.It s time to do sthIt s time to go to school.12.continue v继续；持续continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事 (前后做同一件事 ) continue to d

26、o sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）(1)continue v. 继续，持续，指进程在时间或空间上的延续，强调持续不断，也可指短暂停止后继续进行。He continue the work for two days.他连续两天都在做这项工作。(2)go on 指无间歇或有间歇地继续，或以某种特定方式继续。go on to do sth继续做某事，指开始做另外一件事 go on doing sth 继续做原来所做的事情。 After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons.(3)last

27、v.持续，延续，维持，指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续，说明某一动作要延续一段时间。She won t last long in that job那.个工作她做不了多久。13.send sent sent发v送send away 赶走send for 派人去请send off 寄出send sb. sth = send sth to sb送.给某人某物类似动词： show (展示；给 看)give (给)lend (借出 )send out 分发offer （提供）send up 发射return（归还）tell （ 告诉）14. kind(1) n 种类kind of +adj.有点，

28、有几分a kind of 一种的，某种的all kinds of各种各样的different kinds ofWhat kind of?那种不同种类的(2) adj. 友好的be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好(3)kind of 单独用，有点，后接形容词或副词：He is kind of thin. 他有点瘦” I feel kind of hungry.我有点饿 Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快。(4)若 kind of 前有 a, this, that, wh

29、at等，种，种类后加名词。That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那类问题难回答。What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜欢何种运动？15.have time to do sth 有时间做某事16pare A with B 将 A 和 B 比较(1)compare with 把 与 .做比较侧重指两者间的区别。(2) compare to 把 .比做着重注意两者间的相似点。(3)compared withto 状语，位于句首，句中Compare this car with that one, and y

30、ou will find the differences between themThis song compares our country to a big family这首歌把我的国家比作一个大家庭。17. good ( better ; best) adj. 好的 goodness n 好处；善行；美德(1)be good for 对.有益处（反）be bad for 对 有害处(2) be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事(3)be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb对.某人友好T

31、he boy is good _me .He is good_English , and he tells me oral practice is good _improve spoken English.18. development n 发展Good habits are good for the _(develop) of us teenagers.The _(develop) of science has changed our world a lot.19. cause v. 造成，使发生(1) cause sb. to do sth使某人做某事(2) cause sb. for s

32、b. 给某人添麻烦(3) cause, reason, excuse辨析cause n. 原因，指引起某种结果的“原因 ”，后接介词 of.The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast事.故的原因是他开车开的太快。reasonn.理由，原因，指决定做某事或采取某项行动的理由。 The reason he was driving so fast was that he didn t wanttanttomissmeetiangimpor.excusen.辩解，借口，指对某种行为所做的解释，可以是真的，也可以

33、是托词。He made a good excuse for his driving. 他为自己开快车找了一个堂皇的借口。20. in one s opinion以某人的观点； 在某人看来 21.perhaps 也许；可能perhaps，probably，possibly， maybe辨析(1) perhaps也许，可能，一般指比较小的可能性。Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure.也许我后天去看他，不过我不能确定。(2) probably 很可能，大概，其可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。He wi

34、ll probably refuse the offer.他很可能会拒绝这份提议。(3) possibly 可能，或许，也许，可能性较大。(4) maybe 或许，大概，主要用于非正式场合，常用在口语中，语气比perhaps轻。Maybe you put the letter in your basket. 或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。22.crazy. adj.不理智的；疯狂的(在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语)be crazy about 对 着迷；热衷于I m crazy about football.23.It s + adj.(easy,difficult,important,nece

35、ssary) +(for sb.) to do sth(1) 若形容词表示事物特征的，easy ,difficult, hard ,important 等，须用介词 forIt s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.【形容物，用for 】(2) 若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点， good ,kind ,nice, wrong 等，用介词 of。【形容人用 of】24.keep on doing 继续做某事keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事keep

36、up with 跟上keep away from避开重点区分：1. so that 因此，引导目的状语从句，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开。表示前一句所表述的动作的目或动机（是一种可能性），而非事实。因此，在从句中常使用can/could/will/may/should 等词。2. so that 如此 以至于，常用于结果状语从句，表示上文动作所产生结果，陈述的是客观事实，常常不带情态动词。He studied hard so that he passed the exam他.努力学习，结果通过了考试。3. though 尽管但是，不能说， though but。although 和 thou

37、gh 引导让步状语从句时，常采用省略形式。Although tired (=Although he was tired), he kept on working. 虽然很疲劳，但他继续工作。The problem, though complicated (=though it is complicated), can be solved without much difficulty. though 引导让步状语从句时可以倒装，而 although 从句则不能。Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning. 虽然他们打得很勇

38、敢，但还是没有机会获胜。Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷，但这东西还是买得起的。Child though he was, he did quite well. 他虽是孩子，但干得很好。4. 连词 until,till 用哪一个的关键在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句： (untill: 直到 .为止 )I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。（在肯定句中可用 before 代替）否定句： (untill: 直到 .才)She didnt arrive u

39、ntil 6 oclock.她直到 6 点才到。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。until 用于否定句中，表示句子的动作直到 until 短语所表示的时间才开始发生，即表示动作的起点。一般直到 才until 可用于句首，而till 通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。5.should情态动词，表示劝告、建议，应该，和其他情态