建筑英汉字典

1、ARCHITECTURAL & STRUCTURAL EVERYDAY VOCABULARY SCHEDULE建筑及结构常用词汇表TABLE OF CONTENTS目录41. ARCHITECTURE建筑专业a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件d. GENERAL ROOM NAME常用房间名称e. ROOFING & CEILING屋面及天棚f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟h. DOORS 、GLASS、WIND

2、OWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES建筑材料词汇及短语【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】【Lime, Sand and Stone灰、砂和石】【Cement, Mortar and Concrete水泥、砂浆和混凝土】【Facing And Plastering Materials饰面及粉刷材料】【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos沥青

3、和石棉】【Timber 木材】【Metallic Materials 金属材料】【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】【Anti-Corrosion Materials防腐蚀材料】【Building Hardware 建筑五金】【Paint 油漆】k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语【Discipline 专业】【Conventional Terms一般通用名词】【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role职务名称】【Drafting 制图】2. STRUCTURE 结构专业a. LOA

4、D 荷载b. GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION 地基及基础c. REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE 钢筋混凝土结构d. STEEL STRUCTURE 钢结构e. DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMIC抗震设计f. GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGN设计常用词汇g. GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION 施工常用词汇1. ARCHITECTURE建筑专业a.DESIGN BASIS 设计依据方案 scheme, draft草图 sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion谈判 neg

5、otiation可行性研究 feasibility study初步设计 preliminary designc. CLIMATE CONDITION日照 sunshine风玫瑰 wind rose主导风向 prevailing wind direction最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载 wind load最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning 飓风 hurricane台风 typhoon旋风 cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量 ann

6、ual rainfall湿球温度 wet bulb temperatured. GENERAL ROOM NAME常用房间名称办公室 office服务用房 service room换班室 shift room休息室 rest room (break room)起居室 living room浴室 bathroom淋浴间 shower更衣室 locker room厕所 lavatory 门厅 lobby 诊室 clinic计划建议书 planning proposals设计任务书 design order标准规范standards and codes条件图 information drawing设

7、计基础资料 basic data for design工艺流程图process flowchart工程地质资料engineering geological data原始资料 original data设计进度 schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 询价图 enquiry drawing施工图 working drawing,construction drawing竣工图 as built drawing气象条件干球温度 dry bulb temperature冰冻期 frost

8、 period冰冻线 frost line冰冻区 frost zone室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区region with heating provision不采暖地区region without heating provision绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度 relative humidity工作间 workshop电气开关室 switchroom走廊 corridor档案室 archive电梯机房 lift motor room车库 garage清洁间 cleaning room会议室(正式

9、) conference room会议室 meeting room衣柜间 ward robe暖风间 H.V.A.C room饭店 restaurant餐厅 canteen, dining room厨房 kitchen入口 entrance接待处 reception area 会计室 accountant room 秘书室 secretary room 电气室 electrical room 控制室 control room工长室 foreman officee. ROOFING AND CEILING屋面及天棚女儿墙 parapet 雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope

10、坡跨比 pitch分水线 water-shed二毡三油2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt檐口 eave挑檐 overhanging eave檐沟 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积 catchment areaf. WALL (CLADDING)砖墙 brick wall砌块墙 block wall清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering抹

11、灰墙 rendered wall石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board空心砖墙 hollow brick wall承重墙 bearing wall非承重墙 non-bearing wall纵墙 longitudinal wall横墙 transverse wall外墙 external (exterior) wall 内墙 internal (interior) wall 填充墙 filler wall防火墙 fire wall窗间墙 wall between window空心墙 cavity wall压顶 copingg. FLOOR AND TRENCH开关柜室

12、switch gear 前室 antecabinet (Ante.) 生产区 production area 马达控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room 化验室 laboratory room 经理室 manager room 披 屋(阁楼) penthouse 警卫室 guard house泛水 flashing内排水 interior drainage 外排水 exterior drainage 滴水 drip屋面排水 roof drainage找平层 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檩条 purlin屋面板 roo

13、fing board天花板 ceiling board防水层 water-proof course检查孔 inspection hole人孔 manhole吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗帘盒) cornice墙体(外墙板)圈梁 gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断 glazed wall防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮阳板 sunshade阳台 balcony伸缩缝 expansion joint 沉降缝 settlement joint 抗震缝 seismic joint复合夹心板 sandwich board

14、压型单板 corrugated single steel plate外墙板 cladding panel复合板 composite panel轻质隔断 light-weight partition牛腿 bracket砖烟囱 brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinth地面及地沟地坪 grade地面和楼面 ground and floor素土夯实 rammed earth 炉渣夯实 tamped cinder 填土 filled earth回填土夯实 tamped backfill垫层 bedding course, blinding面层 covering, finish结合层 bond

15、ing (binding) course找平层 leveling course素水泥浆结合层neat cement binding course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面 cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring 马赛克地面 mosaic flooring 瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring 油地毡地面 linoleum flooringh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) 木 (

16、钢)门 wooden (steel) door镶板门 panelled door夹板门 plywood door铝合金门 aluminum alloy door卷帘门 roller shutter door弹簧门 swing door推拉门 sliding door 平开门 side-hung door 折叠门 folding door 旋转门 revolving door 玻璃门 glazed door密闭门 air-Tight door保温门 thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door防火门 fire door(

17、大门上的)小门 wicket门框 door frame门扇 door leaf门洞 door opening结构开洞 structural opening单扇门 single door双扇门 double door疏散门 emergency door纱门 screen door门槛 door sill门过梁 door lintel上冒头 top rail预制水磨 石地面 precast terrazzo flooring 硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring 搁栅 joist硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and

18、 grooved flooring防酸地面 acid-resistant floor钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo地面做2坡 floor with 2% slope集水沟 gully集水口 gulley排水沟 drainage trench沟盖板 trench cover活动盖板 removable cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻边 hole up stand电缆沟 cable trench门、玻璃、窗及五金件下冒头

19、bottom rail门边木 stile门樘侧料 side jumb槽口 notch木窗 wooden window钢窗 steel window铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window百叶窗 (通风为主)sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)塑钢窗 plastic steel window 空腹钢窗 hollow steel window 固定窗 fixed window平开窗 side-hung window 推拉窗 sliding window 气窗 transom上悬窗 top-hung window中悬窗 center-pivo

20、ted window下悬窗 hopper window活动百叶窗 adjustable louver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormer window密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel窗扇 casement sash窗台 window sill窗台板 window board窗中梃 mullion 窗横木 mutin 窗边木 stile压缝条 cover mould窗帘盒 curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴 pi

21、vot长脚铰链 parliament hinge闭门器 door closer 地弹簧 floor closer 插销 bolt门锁 door lock拉手 pull链条 chain门钩 door hanger碰球 ball latchI. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR)楼梯 stair楼梯间 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯 crane ladder 直爬梯 vertical ladder 踏步 step扇形踏步 winder (wheel ste

22、p)踏步板 tread档步板 riser踏步宽度 tread width防滑条 non-slip insert (strips)栏杆 railing (balustrade)平台栏杆 platform railing吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole扶手 handrailj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES建筑材料词汇及短语红砖 red brick粘土砖 clay brick瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖 fire brick空心砖 hollow brick面砖 facing bric

23、k 地板砖 flooring tile 缸砖 clinkery brick· Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏 gypsum窗钩 window catch暗插销 insert bolt电动开关器 electric opener平板玻璃 plate glass 夹丝玻璃 wire glass 透明玻璃 clear glass 毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃)ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃 polished glas

24、s 着色玻璃 pigmented glass 玻璃瓦 glass tile玻璃砖 glass block有机玻璃 organic glass楼梯、休息平台及电梯梯段高度 height of flight防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage)平台 landing (platform)操作平台 operating platform装卸平台platform for loading & unloading楼梯平台 stair landing客梯 passenger lift货梯 goods lift客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift液压电梯 h

25、ydraulic lift自动扶梯 escalator观光电梯 observation elevator电梯机房 lift mortar room电梯坑 lift pit电梯井道 lift shaft· Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦马赛克 mosaic陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦 glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet大理石 marble9汉白玉 white marble花岗岩 granite碎石 crus

26、hed stone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠岩 pearlite· Cement, Mortar and Concrete波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥)Portland cement硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement 火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement 白水泥 white cement水泥砂浆 cement mortar石灰砂浆 lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆)cement-lime mortar保温砂浆 thermal mortar防水砂浆 water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar

27、耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar· Facing And Plastering Materials水刷石 granitic plaster 斩假石 artificial stone 刷浆 lime wash可赛银 casein大白浆 white wash麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base· Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos沥青卷材 asphalt felt 沥青填料 asphalt filler 沥青胶泥 asphalt grout冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer&#

28、183; Timber 木材裂缝 crack 透裂 split 环裂 shake干缩 shrinkage 翘曲 warping 原木 log圆木 round timber 方木 square timber 板材 plank木条 batten 板条 lath 木板 board红松 red pine水磨石 terrazzo卵石 cobble砾石 gravel粗砂 course sand 中砂 medium sand 细砂 fine sand水泥、砂浆和混凝土沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰 hemp cut lim

29、e mortar灰缝 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete 细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete 沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete炉渣混凝土 cinder concrete饰面及粉刷材料喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰 lath and plaster沥青和石棉沥青玛啼脂

30、asphaltic mastic 沥青麻丝 bitumastic oakum 石棉板 asbestos sheet石棉纤维 asbestos fiber白松 white pine落叶松 deciduous pine云杉 spruce柏木 cypress白杨 white poplar桦木 birch 冷 杉 fir 栎木 oak榴木 willow榆木 elm 杉木 cedar 柚木 teak樟木 camphor wood防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber胶合板 plywood三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood企口板 tongued and grooved b

31、oard层夹板 laminated plank胶合层夹木材 glue-laminated lumber黑色金属 ferrous metal圆钢 steelbBar 方钢 square steel 扁钢 steel atrap型钢 steel section (shape)槽钢 channel角钢 angle steel等边角钢 equal-leg angle不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle工字钢 I-beam宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape

32、热轧 hot-rolled 冷轧 cold-rolled 冷拉 cold-drawn 冷压 cold-pressed 合金钢 alloy steel钛合金 titanium alloy不锈钢 stainless steel竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar· Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金 gold白金 platinum铜 copper 黄铜 brass 青铜 bronze· Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene尼龙 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl

33、 chloride)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate 聚苯乙烯 polystyrene 丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin 乙烯基酯 vinyl ester橡胶内衬 rubber lining氯丁橡胶 neoprene· Building Hardware 建筑五金钉子 nails纤维板 fiber-board竹子 bamboo· Metallic Materials 金属材料变形钢筋 deformed bar 光圆钢筋 plain round bar 钢板 steel plate薄钢板 thin steel plate 低碳钢 low carbon steel 冷

34、弯 cold bending钢管 steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 黑铁管 iron pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe铸铁 cast iron生铁 pig iron熟铁 wrought iron镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel sheet 镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire 钢丝网 steel wire mesh多孔金属网 expanded metal锰钢 managanese steel高强度合金钢 high strength alloy s

35、teel银 silver铝 aluminum铅 lead沥青漆 bitumen paint环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint 氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer 防锈漆 anti-rust paint耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint 耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint 水玻璃 sodium silicate树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂 epoxy resin螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum board nail螺丝 screw

36、s平头螺丝 flat-head screw螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial bolt· Paint 油漆底漆 primer防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint调和漆 mixed paint 无光漆 flat paint 透明漆 varnish银粉漆 aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paintk.OTHER ARCHITECTURALTERMS 其它建筑术语建筑 architecture土木 civil给排水 water supply and drainage总图 plot plan采暖通风

37、H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)电力供应 electric power supply电气照明 electric lighting· Conventional Terms 一般通用名词建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architectural style 民用建筑 civil architecture 城市建筑 urban architecture 农村建筑 rural architecture 农业建筑 farm building工业建筑 industrial building 重工业的 heavy

38、industrial 轻工业的 light industrial古代建筑 ancient architecture现代建筑 modern architecture标准化建筑 standardized buildings附属建筑 auxiliary buildings城市规划 city planning厂区内 within site厂区外 offsite封闭式 closed type开敞式 open type半开敞式 semi-open type模数制 modular system· Architectural Physics 建筑物理高强螺栓 high strength bolt预埋

39、螺栓 insert bolt 胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt 垫片 washer干性油 drying oil 稀释剂 thinner 焦油 tar沥青漆 asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil红丹 red lead 铅油 lead oil 腻子 putty· Discipline 专业电讯 telecommunication仪表 instrument热力供应 heat power supply动力 mechanical power 工艺 process technology 管道 piping单位造价 unit cost概算 prelim

40、inary estimate承包商 constructor, contractor现场 site扩建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic, quake-proof防腐 anti-corrosion 防潮 dump-proof 防水 water-proof 防尘 dust-proof防锈 rust-proof车流量 traffic volume货流量 freight traffic volume 人流量 pedestrian volume 透视图 perspective drawing 建筑模型 building m

41、odel照明 illumination照度 degree of illumination亮度 brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 natural lighting光强 light intensity侧光 side light 顶光 top light 眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth辐射 radiation· Name Of Professional role 项目经理 project manager (PM) 设计经理 design manager首席建筑师 principal architect总工程师 chief engineer土木工程师 civil e

42、ngineer工艺工程师 process engineer电气工程师 electrical engineer· Drafting 制图总说明 general specification工程说明 project specification采用标准规范目录 list of standards and specification adopted图纸目录 list of drawings平面图 plan局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale平面示意图 schematic plan of.平剖面图 sectional plan of. 留孔平面图 plan of pr

43、ovision of holes 剖面 section纵剖面 longitudinal section横剖面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透视图 perspective drawing侧立面 side elevation 背立面 back elevation 详图 detail drawings 典型节点 typical detail 节点号 detail No.首页 front page图纸目录及说明list of contents and description图例 legend示意图 diagram草图

44、 sketch荷载简图 load diagram流程示意图 flow diagram对流 convection 传导 conduction 遮阳 sun-shade保温 thermal insulation 恒温 constant temperature 恒湿 constant humidity 噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音 sound absorption露点 dew point隔汽 vapor-proof职务名称机械工程师 mechanical engineer 计划工程师 planning engineer 助理工程师 assistant engineer 实习生 p

45、robationer专家 specialist, expert制图员 draftsman技术员 technician标准图 standard drawing布置图 layout of .地形图 topographical map土方工程图 earth-work drawing展开图 developed drawing模板图 formwork drawing配筋 arrangement of reinforcement表格 tables工程进度表 working schedule技术经济指标technical and economical index建、构筑物一览表list of buildin

46、gs and structures编号 coding序列号 serial No.行和栏 rows and columns备注 remarks等级 grade直线 straight Line曲线 curves曲折线 zigzag line 虚线 dotted line 实线 solid line影线 hatching line点划线 dot and dash line轴线 axis等高线 contour Line 中心线 center Line 双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola切线 tangent Line尺寸线 dimension Line园形 round 环形 annula

47、r 方形 square矩形 rectangle平行四边形 parallelogram三角形 triangle 五角形 pentagon 六角形 hexagon 八角形 octagon 梯形 trapezoid 圆圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形 sector球形的 spherical 抛物面 paraboloid 圆锥形 cone椭圆形 ellipse, oblong面积 area体积 volume 容量 capacity 重量 weight 质量 mass力 force米 meter厘米 centimeter 毫米 millimeter 公顷 hectate牛顿/平方米 Newton

48、/square meter 千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter 英尺 foot英寸 inch 磅 pound 吨 ton加仑 gallon千磅 kip平均尺寸 average dimension 变尺寸 variable dimension 外形尺寸 overall dimension展开尺寸 developed dimension内径 inside diameter 外径 outside diameter 净重 net weight毛重 gross weight数量 quantity百分比 percentage净空 clearance净高 headroom净距 clear

49、 distance净跨 clear span截面尺寸 sectional dimension开间 bay进深 depth单跨 single span 双跨 double span 多跨 multi-span标高 elevation, level绝对标高 absolute elevation设计标高 designed elevation室外地面标高 ground elevation 室内地面标高 floor elevation 柱网 column grid坐标 coordinate厂区占地 site area使用面积 usable area 辅助面积 service area 通道面积 pass

50、age area 管架 pipe rack管廊 pipeline gallery架空管线 overhead pipeline排水沟 drain ditch 集水坑 sump pit 喷泉 fountain地漏 floor drain消火栓 fire hydrant灭火器 fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxide extinguisher卤代烷灭火器 halon extinguisher172. STRUCTURE 结构专业拔力 pulling force标准值 standard value残余应力 residual stress冲击荷载 impact loa

51、d, punch load残余变形 residual deflection承压 bearing承载能力 bearing capacity 承重 bearing, load bearing 承重结构 bearing structure 脆性材料 brittle material 脆性破坏 brittle failure抵抗力 resisting power, resistance吊车荷载 crane load分布荷载 distributed load风荷载 wind load风速 wind velocity, wind speed风压 wind pressure风振 wind vibration

52、浮力 buoyance, floatage符号 symbol, mark负弯矩 negative moment, hogging moment附加荷载 additional load附加应力 additional stress 副作用 side effect, by-effect 刚度 rigidity刚度比 ratio of rigidity 刚度系数 rigidity factor 刚接 rigid connection 刚性节点 rigid joint恒载 dead load荷载传递 transmission of load 固端弯矩 fixed-end moment 活荷载 live

53、load积灰荷载 dust load集中荷载 concentrated load加载, 加荷 loading剪力 shear, shearing force剪切破坏 shear failure剪应变 shear strain 剪应力 shear stress 简支 simple support静定结构 statically determinate structure截面模量 modulus of section,section modulus静力 static force静力分析 static analysis局部压力 local pressure, partial pressure局部压屈

54、local bulklinga. Load荷载绝对值 absolute value均布荷载 uniformly distributed load抗拔力 pulling resistance抗剪刚度 shear rigidity抗剪强度 shear strength, shearing strength抗拉强度 tensile strength抗扭 torsion resistance抗扭刚度 torsional rigidity抗弯 bending resistance抗弯刚度 bending rigidity抗压强度 compressive strength,compression strength可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design拉力 tensile force拉应力 tensile stress, tension stress 拉应变 tensile strain, tension strain 临界点 critical point临界荷载 critical load 临界应力 critical stress 密度 density离心力 centrifugal force摩擦力 friction force摩擦系数 fr