专业英语四级分类模拟361

1、专业英语四级分类模拟361（ 总分： 114.55 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 ）一、PARTILANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE题数：20,分数：40.50）1.If the earth suddenly _ spinning, we would all fly off it.（分数： 2.50 ）A. had stoppedB. stoppedVC. has stoppedD. would stop解析： 考点 考查虚拟语气。2. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete Weve seen the film _?（分

2、数： 2.00 ）A. beforeB. recentlyC. latelyD. yetV解析： 考点 考查句子成分。3. Life is a candle _ to burn ever brighter.（分数： 2.50 ）A. being meantB. meaningC. to meanD. meantV解析：考点考查动词 mean 的用法。4.In order to be successful as an engineer, she had to become _ at mathematics.（分数： 1.00 ）A. proficientVB. outstandingC. pro

3、minentD. experienced解析：考点词义辨析。句意：为了成为一名成功的工程师，她不得不精通数学。be proficient at 对精通。 outstanding 优秀的，显著的。 prominent 卓越的，突出的。5.The city has much more bridges than _ in the country.（分数： 2.00 ）A. any cityB. any other cityVC. all the citiesD. another city解析： 解析 该题是语法结构题，考查比较等级的意义和用法。在使用比较等级时，要注意比较对象的一致性和排他性。选项A

4、 和选项 C 都包括了句子的主语，违背了排他性原则。选项 D 表示“另外一座城市”，不符合句子的逻辑意义。因此，选项B 为最佳答案。6.Silk, printing, paper, the compass and powder originated in China, and _ introduction inthe west had far-reaching effects.（分数： 1.00 ）A. theseB. theirVC. thoseD. its解析： 解析 本题考查物主代词。空格后边是名词，故可以推断出应该填入物主代词。由题干可知，此处 传入的是丝绸、印刷术、造纸术、指南针和火

5、药，故物主代词应用第三人称复数形式，故选B。7._ The economic recession has meant that jobis a rare thing.（分数： 2.50 ）A. securityVB. safetyC. protectionD. secureness解析： 解析 job 和 security 常在同一语境中出现， job security 意为“工作有保障”， security 强调 安全、有保障的状态。 secureness 为强干扰项，强调安全、有保障的自由。故答案为A。8. The task wasnt easy, but we managed it _

6、.（分数： 2.50 ）A. anyhowB. somehowVC. any wayD. some way解析： 考点 考查副词词义辨析。9. The students and teachers alike took great _ at the rude way the president criticized littleTom.（分数： 1.00 ）A. annoyanceB. offenceVC. resentmentD. irritation解析： 解析 take offence at 生气，是固定搭配； annoyance 恼怒，烦恼，打扰； resentment 愤慨，愤 怒，怨

7、恨；irritation 激怒，恼怒，生气。10. My brother likes eating very much, but he isnt very _ about the food he eats.（分数： 2.50 ）A. specialB. peculiarC. particularVD. specific解析： 解析 形容词形似义异辨析。 particular意为“ （过分 ）讲究的，苛求的，挑剔的”，一般和介词about 搭配，如： He is particular as to what he wears.他过分讲究穿戴。special 表示“特殊的，特别的”； peculia

8、r 则是“奇特的，奇怪的”，如： peculiar behavior 怪异的 行为； specific 意为“明确的，特定的，确切的，具体的”，如： a specific occasion 特定的场合。11. The questions that the speaker raised were well _ the average adult.（分数： 2.00 ）A. pastB. onC. beyondVD. through解析： 解析 be beyond sb. 为常用表达，意为“某人难以理解，超出某人的水平”。其他选项均无此用 法。故 C 为答案。对 beyond 的含义和用法掌握不够

9、。 考点 本题主要考查对 beyond 含义和用法的掌握。12.I _ my arm when I played basketball yesterday afternoon.分数： 2.00 ）A. distortedB. dismissedC. disposedD. dislocatedV解析： 解析 动词形似义异辨析。这些动词都以“ d is ”开头，考生容易混淆。dislocate 意为“使 （骨骼或关节 ） 脱臼”，如： My hip felt as though I had dislocated it.我的臀部感觉起来像是脱臼了。distort 表示“歪曲，曲解”，相当于 twis

10、t ，如： distort the truth 歪曲真实情况； dismiss 意为“解 雇，开除”，相当于 fire 或 sack ；而 dispose 一般和 of 搭配，表示“处理，解决”，其名词为 disposal , 形容词为 disposable ，表示“一次性的”，如： disposable chopsticks 一次性筷子。13. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment _.（分数： 1.00 ）A. which they are happeningB. they are hap

11、peningVC. which they happenD. they have happened解析：解析本题考查定语从句。moment 后接的是省略关系副词when 的定语从句，B 项符合要求。关系副词 when 通常不能省略，但用于 day, year, time, moment 等词后时可以省略。故选B。14. The leader of the expedition _ everyone to follow his example.（分数： 3.50 ）A. promotedB. reinforcedC. sparkedD. inspiredV解析： 解析 本题考查近义异形词辨析。从不

12、定式后的短语 follow his example（ 仿效他 ）可从语境上推 知所填词的意思为“鼓励，激励”，故答案为 inspired（ 激励 ）。强干扰项 promote 后接人时一般指“提拔 某人”。故答案为D。15. Every boy and girl must have _ hair neatly combed.（分数： 1.00 ）A. hisVB. herC. itsD. their解析：解析本题考查人称代词。当提到两个单数名词，一个是阳性，另一个是阴性，由and 连接，并由each 或 every 修饰时，其物主代词应为 his 。由此可知 A 为正确答案，故选 A。16.

13、Which of the following determiners（限定词 ）can NOT be placed before both singular count nounsand plural count nouns?（分数： 2.50 ）A. someB. the firstC. a manyVD. such解析：解析限定词。some 可接三类名词，女口 some time，some students ， some book（未知的某本书 ）； 序数词 the first 后接可数名词单数和复数， 如 the first day ，the first arrivals ；such 后

14、既可接复 数， 如 such good students ，又可接单数，如 no such thing ，还能搭配不可数 such weather 。只有 C 项 a many 后只接复数名词，故为本题选项。17.Sometimes the bank manager himself is asked to _ cheques if his clerks are not sure about them.（分数： 2.50 ）A. creditB. assureC. certifyVD. access解析：考点考查动词词义辨析。18. Have you moved into the new fla

15、t?Not yet. The rooms_ .（分数:2.50 ）A. have paintedB. are paintingC. were paintingD. are being paintedV解析：考点考查现在进行时的被动式。19. As soon as he opened the door, a_ of cold air swept through the house.（分数：2.00）A. flowB. movementC. rushD. blastV解析：考点考查量词搭配。20. Rumor_that youre going to be the next managing dir

16、ector. Is it true?（分数：2.00 ）A. has itVB. does it haveC. says itD. does it say解析：解析rumor has it（that）是固定句型，意为“传说，据传言”，如： Rumor has it hes getting married again.传说他又要结婚了。二、PARTHCLOZE（总题数：1，分数：10.00）A.another B. weak C. illness D. problems E. self-respectF. strong G. tendency H. solutions I. interperso

17、nal J. happinessK. in spite L. despite M. worries N. the other O. tiesSince we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. Onestrength of the human condition is our 1 to give and receive support from one 2 under stressful circumstances. So

18、cialsupport consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their 3 ties. Those of us with strong supportsystems appear better able to cope withmajor life changes. People with 4 social ties live longer and have better health than those without such 5 厶 Studies overa range of illnesses, f

19、rom depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off 6 ,and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.First,friends,relatives,and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our 7 is s

20、trengthened when we feel accepted by others _our faultsand difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understandour problems and find 9 to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-timeactivitie

21、s with others helps usto meet our social needs while at the same time distractingus from our 10 and_troubles. Finally,other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial aid, material resources, and neededservices that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.（分数：10.00 ）解析：

22、G 解析：A 解析：I解析： F 解析： O 解析： C 解析： E 解析： L 解析： H 解析： M三、PART川READING COMPREHENSION、题数：1，分数：47.50)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSPASSAGE ONEA century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a company, public opinion tended to protectthat company. But perhaps this phenomeno

23、nwas most striking in the case of the railroads. Nearly half of all negligencecases decided through 1896 involved railroads.And the railroads usually won.Most of the cases were decided in state courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides.Government supported the railroad i

24、ndustry; the progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiringthem often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them.Court decisions always went against railroad workers. Mr. Farrell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchmansnegligence ran his engi

25、ne off the track. The court reasoned, that since Farrell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarilyat good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, wasa pure accident. In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury

26、to one employee caused by the mistake ofanother. In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spreadseveral blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the courtoverturned the jurys decision be

27、cause it argued that the railroads negligence was the immediate cause of damage onlyto the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider.As the century wore on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroads against theireconomic and political power and high fares as

28、 well as against their callousness toward individuals. PASSAGE TWOIt was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic.When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter ofWorld War II, more than 10,000

29、 people mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push intoNazi Germany were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds offamilies sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboat

30、s down. Somewho succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people frozeimmediately. Ill never forget the screams, says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watchingthe ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave a

31、nd intoseeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.Now Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including morethan 4,000 children with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English ne

32、xtyear, doesnt dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later:Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East. The reason was obvious.As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woc

33、he: Because the crimes we Germansare responsible forwere and are so dominant, we didnt have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable and necessary. By unreservedlyowning up to their countrys monstrous crimes in

34、the Second World War, Germans have managedto win acceptanceabroad, marginalize the neo-Nazis at homeand make peace with their neighbors. Todays unified Germany is moreprosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting aboutpainful mem

35、ories like the GermanTitanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correctGermans believe that theyve now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German sufferingwith that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.PASSAG

36、E THREEThree years ago, Joseph J. Ellis, one of the most widely read American historians, ran into a career crisis of his ownstrange devising. Just months after his book,Founding Brothers: TheRevolutionary Generationwon the Pulitzer Prize and planted itself for a long run on the best-seller list, it

37、 emerged thatEllis, who spent the Vietnam War years doing graduate work atYale and teaching historyat West Point, had been offering hisstudents at Mount Holyoke Collegewholly invented accounts of his days as a platoon leader in Vietnam. After his tall tales were exposed in the Boston Globe,Ellis was

38、 suspended without pay for a year and compelled to relinquish his endowed chair.But even after the story broke, his book continued to sell briskly. And why not? No one ever accused him of falsifying hisscholarship, and his probing biographies remain some of the most psychologically penetrating portr

39、aits of the FoundingFathers that we have. His supple new book,His Excellency: George Washington(Knopf; 320 pages), is another inthat line, full of subtle inroads into the manEllis calls the most notorious model of self-control in all of American history,the original marble man.The Washington Ellis g

40、ives us is not the customary figure operating serenely above the fray but a man constantlyseeking to govern his own passions. Ironically, telling Washingtons story truthfully requires Ellis to occasionally castdoubt on the great mans honesty. Washington could lie when he needed to for instance, by m

41、isrepresenting forposterity his role in the disastrous engagement at Fort Necessity during the French and Indian War. And throughout hiscareer, he feigned a lack of ambition as cover for a relentless impulse to move upward in the world.Washington had no more than a grade-school education, but he had

42、 an early grasp of issues that would be crucial toAmericas future, such as westward expansion and the vexing matter of slavery. He eventually concluded that slaverymust be abolished, though his own slaves were freed only after his death. He also understood precisely what his role inthe new nation sh

43、ould be. Washington emerged from the War of Independence as a kind of god. Like Caesar before himand Napoleon after, he might easily have parlayed military glory into imperial power. But he performed his greatestservice to his country by refusing to yield to that temptation. At the end of his second

44、Administration, he turned down a third term, thereby establishing an enduring example of limited presidential tenure.Washington was willing to refuse a crown, but he was exasperated by Thomas Jeffersons and James Madisonsaversion to federal power. His experience during the war with Britain, when a r

45、udderless Continental Congress left hisarmy chronically short of supplies, convinced him of the need for a government strong enough to pursue nationalpurposes. But as Ellis sees it, Washingtons views were also projections onto the national screen of the need for thesame kind of controlling authority

46、 he had orchestrated within his own personality. The Father of His Country had first toprevail as master of himself.PASSAGE FOURThe tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, youd expect greater understanding to develop between thenations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems

47、of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visiteach others countries at a moderate cost.What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp.The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modem travelers enjoy a level

48、of comfort which the lordsand ladies on grand tours in the old days couldnt have dreamed of. But whats the sense of this mass exchange ofpopulations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many touristorganizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They

49、deliberatelyset out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modemtourist leads a cosseted,sheltered life. He lives at internationalhotels, where he eats his internationalfood and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conduct

50、ed tours to places of interestare carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strictschedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he isonly too happy to be protected in

51、 this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. Thesummer quarters of the inhabitants of the Cite Universitaire are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu.Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chip

52、s.The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes.We dont see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You cantest this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, Ameri

53、can and Italian. Now in your mind,match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insightinto the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you setout on your travels, the

54、 only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come awaywith the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites and that Latin peoplesshout a lot. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful n

55、ational stereotypes are.But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us tothe basic fact how trite it soundsthat all people are human.We ar

56、e all similar to each other and at the same time all unique. （分数： 47.55 ）（1）.Which of the following is NOT true in Farrells case?（PASSAGE ONE（） 分数： 3.17 ）A. Farrell was injured because he negligently ran his engine off the track.VB. Farrell would not have been injured if the switchman had been more

57、careful.C. The court argued that the victim had accepted therisk since he had willingly taken his job.D. The court decided that the railroad should not be held responsible.解析： 考点 本题出题点在专有名词人名处 根据题干信息词 Farrells case 将答案锁定在文章第三段。文章第三段提到，在法雷尔事件中，由于扳道 工的过失造成法雷尔失去了右手。法庭说，既然法雷尔愿意接受高薪聘请成为一名工程师，他就必须接受 相应的风险

58、。 如果扳道工工作仔细的话， 这种事是可以避免的， 所以法庭认定这件事是“纯粹的意外事故”。 因此 A 项（法雷尔因自己的机器脱离轨道而伤到自己）错误；B 项（如果扳道工再小心一点，法雷尔的手就不会被切下来）和 C 项（法庭说受害人愿意接受这份工作，所以必须承担相应的风险）正确；从本段的最后一句可以推断出法庭决定铁路不应该负责，所以D 项正确。只有 A 项不符合原文，故为答案。（2）.What must have happened after the fire case was settled in court? （PASSAGEONE）（分数：3.17 ）A. The railroad co

59、mpensated for the damage to the immediate buildings.VB. The railroad compensated for all the damage by the fire.C. The railroad paid nothing for the damaged building.D. The railroad worker paid for the property damage himself.解析： 考点 本题出题点在转折处 根据题干信息词 fire 将答案锁定在文章第四段最后两句。该段最后两句提到，法庭推翻了陪审团的决定， 法庭认为，铁

60、路的粗心只是导致了附近几个建筑物的损失，铁路对远处失火的建筑物不应负任何责任。所以 A 项（铁路只赔偿附近几个建筑物的损失）正确；B 项（铁路对所有起火的建筑物都有责任）、C 项（铁路对所有起火的建筑物都未赔偿损失）和 D 项（铁路工人自己赔偿损失）都不对，故选 Ao（3）.What does the passage mainly discuss? （PASSAGE ONE（）分数： 3.17 ）A. Railroad oppressing individuals in the US.B. History of the US railroads.C. Railroad workers work