2015年6月英语四六级阅读理解答案

1、Section CPassage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer thanthe less-skilled. Some65%of American menaged 62-74 with a professionaldegree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only ahigh-school certif

2、icate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between thewell-educatedwell-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advancehas raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of theunskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an ast

3、onishing rise in the of old people, and they willlive longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population ofthose aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, whengreater longevity（长寿）translated into more years in retiremen

4、t rather than more years at work, haspersuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economicgrowth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create governmentbudget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idleold misses a new trend, the growing

5、gap between the skilled and theunskilled. Employment rates are failing amongyounger unskilled people,whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme inAmerica, where well-educated baby-boomers（二 战 后 生 育 高 峰 期 出生 的 美 国 人）areputting off retirement while many less-skilled young

6、erpeople have abandoned policies that used Xto retire early.Rising life expectancy（预期生命）,combined with the replace- Xpensionplans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even thebetter-offmust work longer tohave acomfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a b

7、igrole. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those peoplecontinue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educatedelderly are more productive that the preceding generation. Technologicalcharge may well reinforce that shift; the skills that complement computers,from man

8、agement knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline withage.57.What is happening in the workforce in rich countriesA. Younger people are replacing the elderly.B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D.People with no collage degree do not easil

9、y find work.【答案】B58.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off andthe poorA.Longer life expectancies.B.A rapid technological advance.C.Profound changes in the workforce.D.A growing number of the well-educated.【答案】B59.What do manyobservers predict in view of the experience of theexperienc

10、e of the 20th centuryA.Economic growth will slow down.B.Government budgets will increase.C.More people will try to pursue higher education.D.There will be more competition in the job market.【答案】A60. What is the result of policy changes in European countriesA. Unskilled workers may choose to retire e

11、arly.B. Morepeople have to receive in-service training.C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably inretirement.D.Peoplemay be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits frompension plans.【答案】C61.What is characteristic of work in the 21st centuryA. Computers will do more complicated work

12、.B. More will be the educated young.C. Most jobs to be done will be creative ones.D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.答案】DPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 65 are based on the following passage.Some of the worlds most sign significant problems hit headlines. Oneexample comes from agriculture. Food

13、 riots and hunger make news. Butthe trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is thedecline in the growth in yields of someof the worlds major crops. A newstudy by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreallooks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.

14、The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most importantcrops: rice, wheat, corn and soyabeans（大豆）.They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, theimprovement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying feature

15、s of the slowdown. One is that it has beenparticularly sharp in the worlds most populous （人 口多的） countries, Indiaand China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source ofrelative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. Thatself-sufficiency cannot be taken for

16、 granted if yields continue to slow downor reverse.Second,yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn andsoyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more importantas foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn andsoyabeans are more important as feed

17、grains. The authors note that wehave preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feedinganimals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis offood security in much of the world.The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paperwhich suggests that t

18、he world will not have to dig up a lot more land forfarming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and AgricultureOrganisation has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currentlyploughed up for crops might be able to revert （回返） to forest or wilderness.Th

19、is could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continuedimprovements in yields, which may not actually happen.62.What does the author try to draw attention toA. Food riots and hunger in the world.B. The decline of the grain yield growth.C. News headlines in the leading media.D. The food s

20、upply in populous countries.【答案】B63.Why does the author mention India and China in particularA. Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B. Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C. Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D. Their

21、food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.【答案】A64.What does the newstudy by the two universities say aboutrecent crop improvement effortsA.They fail toproduce the same remarkableresults asbefore the 1980s.B. They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C.They play a major

22、 role in guaranteeing the food security of theworld.D.they focus more on the increase of animal feed than human foodgrains.【答案】D65.What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say aboutworld food production in the coming decadesA.The growing population will greatly increase the pressure onworld f

23、ood supplies.B. The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewedwith caution.C.The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will bereversed.D.The world will be able to feed its population without increasingfarmland.【答案】D66.How does the author view the argument of the Food

24、 andAgriculture OrganisationA. It is built on the findings of a new study.B. It is based on a doubtful assumption.C. It is backed by strong evidence.D. It is open to further discussion.【答案】B四级第一套Section CPassage OneQuestion 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunsc

25、reen（防晒霜）keeps you safe fromharmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this weeks Nature shows thatwhile factor 50 reduces the number of mela no mas黑瘤）and delays theiroccurre nee, it cant preve nt them. Melanomasare the most aggressive skincancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond ha

26、ir, fair skin, blueor green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one.Melanomasare more commonif you have periodic intense exposure to thesun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreenis in reducing m

27、elanomasthe evidence is weaker than it is for preventingother types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people foundthat people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate ofmelanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study,comparing 1,167 people with melanom

28、asto 1,101 who didnt have thecancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protectionsuch as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protectionnot sunscreenseemed most beneficial. The study relied on peopleremembering wh

29、at they had done over each decade of their lives, so its notentirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people afalse sense of security in the sun.Many people also dont use sunscreen properly-applying insufficientamounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying

30、 in the sun toolong. It is sunburn that is most worrying-recent shows five episodes ofsunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering upcan reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australianfigures from their slip-slop-slap

31、 campaign. So if there is a heat wave thissummer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on（抹上）sunscreen and slap on a hat.57.【 题 干 】What is peoples common expectation of a high-factorsunscreenA. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B. It will protect them from sunburn.C.It wi

32、ll keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.【答案】B58.【题干】What does the research in Nature say about a high-factorsunscreenA. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D. It

33、is ineffective for people with fair skin.【答案】C59.【题干】What do we learn from the 2011Australian studyof 1,621 peopleA. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B. High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C.Irregular application of sunscreen does womenm

34、ore harm thangood.D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence ofmelanomas.【答案】D60.【题干】What does the author say about the second AustralianstudyA. It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C. It is not based on dir

35、ect observation of the subjects.D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.【答案】D61.【题干】What does the author suggest to reduce melanomaratesA. Using both covering up and sunscreen.B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.D. Applying the right a

36、mount of sunscreen.【答案】APassage TwoQuestions 62 to 65are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longerthan the less-skilled. Some65%of American menaged 62-74 with aprofessional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men withonly a high

37、-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening dividebetween the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapidtechnological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled whilesqueezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals andsociety, are profound.The world is

38、 facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people,and they will live longer than ever before. Overthe next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almostdouble, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century,when greater longevity（长 寿）translated into m

39、ore years in retirementrather than more years at work, has persuaded manyobservers that thisshift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks ofpensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and theidle old misses a ne

40、w trend, the growing gap between the skilled and theunskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divideis most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers（二战后生育高峰期出生的美国 人）are putt ing off retireme nt whilemanyless-skilledyoun gerpeople have dropped out of the workfor

41、ce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments haveabandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising lifeexpectancy（预期寿命）, combined with thereplacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generousdefined-contribution ones, means that even the better

42、-off must work longerto have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work alsoplays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and thosepeople continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days theeducated elderly are more productive than the preceding generat

43、ion.Technological change maywell reinforce that shift: the skills thatcomplement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do notnecessarily decline with age.62.【题干】What is happening in the workforce in rich countriesA. Younger people are replacing the elderly.B. Well-educated people tend to

44、 work longer.C. Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D. People with no college degree do not easily find work.【答案】B63.【题干】What has helped deepen the divide between the well-offand the poorA. Longer life expectancies.B. Profound changes in the workforce.C. A rapid technological advance.D. A

45、growing number of the well-educated.答案】C64.【题干】What do many observers predict in view of the experienceof the 20th centuryA.Economic growth will slow down.B.Government budgets will increase.C.More people will try to pursue higher education.D.There will be more competition in the job market.【答案】A65.【

46、题干】What is the result of policy changes in EuropeancountriesA. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B. More people have to receive in-service training.C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably inretirement.D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits frompension

47、 plans.【答案】C66.【 题干】Whatis characteristic of work in the 21st centuryA. Computers will do more complicated work.B.More will be take n by the educated young.C. Most jobs to be done will be creative ones.D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.【答案】D四级卷三比抽如*the author My About h讪-pot曲讪曹叶的m叶阳 XT 亦讪f问已J；呵w山聞価fromihc trend of more fhlhcrs raying机home.；咤-paying professions a bi