北师大版高中英语课文必修三

1、模块3U7L11TheSpiritofExplorersVikingVoyagestoAmericaTheVikingswerethefirstEuropeanstoreachAmerica.TheyachievedthislongbeforeColumbuseversetsail.TheVikingswereagroupofpeoplewhoseancestorscamefromScandinavia.TheycontrolledtheseasandcoastsofNorthernEuropebetweenthe8thand10thcenturiesAD.Byaround900AD,ther

2、eweremanyplacesinNorthernEuropewheretheVikingschosetolive.In982AD,whenamancalledErictheReddecidedtosetsailfurtherwest,therewereasmanyas10,000VikingslivinginIceland.AccordingtotheoldstoriesofIcelandandNorway,ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommittedamurder,forwhichhegotintotrouble.Ericre

3、achedGreenlandanddiscoveredthatpeoplecouldliveintheplacewherehelanded.HereturnedtoIcelandandtoldpeoplethereaboutGreenland.HepersuadedsomepeopletogobackwithhimtoGreenland.Ericsetsailonceagain,thistimewith25ships,ofwhichonly14madeittoGreenland.NotlongafterErictheRedhadlandedinGreenland,amancalledBiarn

4、isetsailfromIcelandinsearchofEric'sparty.BiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfoundhimselfinanunknownland,fromwhereheeventuallyreachedGreenland.Intheyear1002,whenErictheRed'ssonLeifwasplanningatripfurtherwest,BiarniwasthemanwithwhomLeifdiscussedhisplans.Leiff

5、ollowedBiarni'sdirectionsandsailedtowhatisbelievedtobethecoastofpresent-dayCanada.HethensailedfurthersouthtoanislandwhichisnowknownasNewfoundland.WeknowaboutErictheRedandLeif'sdeedsthroughstorieswhichwerewrittendowncenturieslaterinNorwayandIceland.TheyarethefirstrecordswehaveofEuropeanssaili

6、ngtotheAmericas.U7L33 TheSeaWorldUNDERWATERWORLDTheBestplacetoSeeSeaCreaturesPolarWorldWehavepolarbearsandarealicebergtoo!Youcanonlyseeasmallpartofitabovethewater.It'sthreetimesasbigunderwater.Watchtheacrobaticsealsatfeedingtime.Meetourlessenergeticbutmorefriendlypenguins.You'lllovethem!Ocea

7、nFloorSeesomeofthemostbeautifulcoralandthemostunusualfishintheworld.Watchsomefish“flying”throughthewater.Theyarelesscolourfulthansomeotherfishbuttheymovebeautifully.SeaTheatreSeeourintelligentdolphins.Therearefantasticshowseverytwohours.DiscoveryPoolEspeciallyforyoungerchildren.Theycantouchcrabsando

8、thersmallercreatures.Theycanbeeducatedaboutdailylifeonthebeachinthisexcitingarea.VirtualRealityVoyageOurmostup-to-dateattraction.Comewithusona“virtualreality”triptotheoceanfloorandseesomeofthestrangestfishintheworld.?NoisiestFish.Somefishcanproducesoundsalmosttwiceasloudasyourspeakingvoice!Youcertai

9、nlywon'tfindanoisierfish.?PrettiestFish.Somefishattractotherfishwithalightontheirbodyandtheneatthem!Theyhaveahugemouthandcaneatfishasbigasthemselves.Watchout!?TiniestFish.Lookcarefullyforthetiniestfishintheworld.Itisnotasbigasaflyinyourhouse!?Swimwithdolphinsandfaceanattackbythemostdangerouscrea

10、tureinthesea-thegreatwhiteshark!U7L44 SeaStoriesItmayseemstrange,butatthatmoment,whenwewereontheedgeofthewhirlpool,Ifeltcalmerthanwhenweweremovingtowardsit.Wewentroundandround,nearerandnearertothehorribleedgeofthewhirlpool.Suddenly,wewentovertheedge.Ithoughtmylifewasover.Butmomentaftermomentpassed,a

11、ndIwasstillsafe.Theboatwasontheinsideofthehugewhirlpoolandweweregoingroundincirclesatgreatspeed.Isawclearlythattherewereotherobjectsinthewhirlpool-treesandbarrels.Inoticedthattheheavierobjectswentdownmorequicklythanthesmaller,lighterones.SoItiedmyselftoabarreltohelpmefloat.Itriedtomakemybrotherunder

12、stand,buthewasterrifiedandstayedintheheavyboat.Withoutwaiting,Idivedintotheseatotryandescape.Aboutthreeyearsago,somethingterriblehappenedtome.Thosesixhoursofterrorhavebrokenmybodyandsoul.YouthinkIamaveryoldman-butIamnot.Ittooklessthanasingledaytochangemyhairfromblacktowhite.Oneday,mytwobrothersandIw

13、erecomingbackfromtheislands,ourboatfulloffish.Allatonce,theskywascoveredwithdarkcloudsandinlessthanaminutewewereinaterriblestorm.Anenormouswavecoveredourboatandmyyoungerbrotherfellintothesea.Ourboatsurvived,andIwastryingtorecoverwhenmyelderbrotherputhismouthclosetomyear,andscreamedouttheterrifyingwo

14、rd“Whirlpool!”Withthewindandwavesweweregoinginthedirectionofthewhirlpool,andnothingcouldsaveus!Asyoucansee,Ididescape.Iwillbringmystoryquicklytoaconclusion.SometimeafterIlefttheboat,withmybrotherinit,itsankintothebottomofthewhirlpool.Soonafterwards,thewhirlpoolbecamelessviolent.Thentheskywasclear,th

15、ewindcalmerandthemoonwasshining.Iwasstilltiedtothebarrelandthewavessooncarriedmetoanareawheretheotherfishermenwere.Intheend,aboatpickedmeup.Iwasverytired.Thefishermenweremyoldfriends,buttheywereunabletorecognizeme.WhenItoldthemmystory,theydidnotbelieveit.NowIhavetoldyou,andIcannotexpectyoutobelievem

16、emorethanthefishermendid.U8L11AdventureHolidaysJustimagine.YouarewalkingalongamountainpathintheHimalayas.Youarefeelingtired.Youarethinkingabouthowfarthereistogo.Then,suddenlyyouarethere!AndtheamazingMountQomolangmaisonthehorizon.Itlooksgreat.Afewminuteslater,youarriveatthecamp.Thefoodcookingonthefir

17、esmellsgreatandwhileyouarehavingahotcupoftea,yourelaxandwatchthesungodown.Atdinner,thefoodtastesfantastic.Youtalkwithotherpeopleinthegroupabouteverythingyouhaveseenanddoneduringyourday'shiking.Ifyouarelookingforexperienceslikethis,Adventure2000istheorganizationforyou.Alotofhikingholidayssoundexc

18、iting,buttherealityisoftenverydifferent.Hikingtripscanbeuncomfortableandevendangerous.However,atAdventure2000wefeelthatweunderstandtheneedsofhikers.AllourguideshaveseveralyearsofexperienceinleadinghikingtripsintheHimalayas.Theyknowallthebestroutesandbestplacestocamp.Wealsorealizethathikingcanbehardw

19、orkandbelievethathikersneedallourhelp.Aswellasthegroupguide,allteamshavecooksandporters.Whileonahikingtrip,ourcookspreparedeliciousmeals.Andourporterscarryyourluggage,whichmeansthatyoucansimplyenjoytheexperience.AtAdventure2000wealsothinkthatgoodtravelarrangementsareimportant.Weorganizealltheflights

20、foryou:fromLondontoBeijing,fromBeijingtoLhasaandbustravelinTibet.AccommodationisincomfortablehotelsinBeijingandLhasa,hostelsonthehikingtrip,andone-ortwo-persontentsforcamping.Therearealsospecialoffersforpeoplewhodon'twanttogostraighthomeafterwards.Ifyoulikehistory,thereisatriptoWesternChina.Forp

21、eoplewhoprefertospendsometimeonthecoast,wecanorganizeyourtravelandaccommodationtoo.ThisisaClassAhikeyouhavetobefit.Therearewalksof68hoursmostdays,withamaximumaltitudeof5,545metres.ClassBandChikesareeasier,soyoudon'tneedtobesofit.Thehikecosts£2,500includingallflightsandaccommodation.Maximumg

22、roupsizeis15people.HikesarebetweenOctoberandMay.U8L33 MarcoPoloMarcoPoloandHisTravelsMarcoPolowasborninItalyin1254.Whenhewas17yearsold,hetravelledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather,whowantedtodotradewiththeChinese.Eventually,theyarrivedinBeijing.Atthattime,ChinawasruledbytheYuanDynastyEmperor,KublaiKh

23、an.KublaiKhanwelcomedMarcoandhisfather.HewasveryhappytomeettwoforeignersandwantedtolearnallaboutEurope.MarcoandhisfatherwereguestsattheEmperor'sPalace.AlthoughMarcowasyoung,hewasverycleverandcouldalreadyspeakfourlanguages.TheEmperorwasimpressedbyhimandtheybecamefriends.HeaskedMarcotoserveinhisco

24、urtandsenthimtodomanyimportanttasksacrossthecountry.Marco,inturn,wasamazedbyhowbeautifulandpowerfulChinawas.HewasveryimpressedbyBeijingandtheEmperor'sPalace,especiallytheSummerPalacewhichhedescribedas“Thegreatestpalacethateverwas.ThewallswerecoveredingoldandsilverandtheHallwassolargeitcouldeasil

25、yseat6,000peoplefordinner.”TherewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinChinawhichwerenotavailableinEuropeatthattime.MarcowassurprisedtoseeChinesepeopleusingpapermoneyinthemarkets.InEurope,peoplepaidforgoodswithgoldorsilver.Hecouldnotunderstandhowpeoplecouldpayforfoodandvaluablethingswithpaper!Hewasalsoconfu

26、sedbytheblackstonespeopleusedtoburnforfuel.Theblackstoneswerecoal,butMarcohadneverseencoalbefore!In1291,after17yearsofservicetotheEmperor,MarcoreturnedtoItaly.Hewasnowaverywealthyman.Notlongafterhisreturn,alocalwarbrokeoutnearhistown.Duringthewar,Marcowasthecaptainofawarshipbutwascaughtbytheenemyand

27、putintoprison.However,MarcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.TheprisonerwasanauthorandhetookdictationwhileMarcotoldallhisstoriestohim.TheprisonerthenwrotethestoriesinabookcalledTheDescriptionoftheWorld,whichbecameoneofthebest-sellingbooksinEurope.Althoughpe

28、opleenjoyedreadinghisbook,manyofthemthoughtthatMarco'sstoriesaboutChinaweretoofantastictobetrue.ButMarcoalwaysstoodbyhistales.Justbeforehedied,aged70,Marcowasaskedthequestion,“Wasitalltrue”,towhichhereplied,“IhaveonlytoldahalfofwhatIsaw!U8L44 JourneytotheAntarcticTheRACEtothePOLEOn1June,1910,Cap

29、tainScottleftLondontobeginhisjourneytotheAntarctic.Onhisway,hereceivedamessagefromtheNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen:“I'mgoingSouth.”SotheracetotheSouthPolewason!Duringthepolarsummerof1910-1911,bothteamsorganizedfoodbasesinpreparationfortheirjourneysthenextyear.Thencamethetotaldarknessofthepolarw

30、inter.ScottandAmundsenwaitedanxiouslyforspring.Amundsenwasthefirsttoleave,on15October,1911.Hehadteamsofdogspullingthesledgesandallhismenwereonskis.Becauseofthis,hemaderapidprogress.Scottlefton1Novemberandsoonhadproblems.First,histwosledgesbrokedown,andthenthehorsesbegantohaveseriousdifficultieswitht

31、hesnowandthecold.Afterawhile,Scottandhismenhadtopushthesledgesthemselves.AmundsenreachedthePoleon14DecemberandputaNorwegianflagthere.Thenhepreparedforthereturnjourney.ScottfinallyarrivedatthePolewithfourteammemberson17January.TheywereshockedwhentheysawtheNorwegianflag.Scottwrotesadlyinhisdiary:“Well

32、,wehavenowlostthegoalofourambitionandmustface800milesofhardpushing-andgoodbyetomostofourdreams.”Thereturnjourneywasoneoftheworstinthehistoryofexploration.Themenweresoonexhaustedandwererunningoutoffood.Theweatherconditionswereterrible.Scottstartedtorealizetheirhopelesssituation:“.weareverycheerful,bu

33、twhateachmanfeelsinhisheartIcanonlyguess.Puttingonourshoesinthemorningisgettingslowerandslower.”However,ontheirwaybacktheyfoundtimetolookforrocks.Theycarried20kilosofrocksallthewaywiththem.Later,theserocksprovedthatatonetimeinthedistantpasttheAntarcticwascoveredbyplants.Then,disastersooncame.EdgarEv

34、anshadaterriblediseaseanddiedafterabadfall.ThenexttogowasCaptainOates,whowashavinggreatdifficultywalking.Scottrecordedhisdeath:“Hesaid,IamjustgoingoutsideandImaybesometime.'WeknewthatpoorOateswaswalkingtohisdeath,butthoughwetriedtostophim,weknewthatitwastheactofabravemanandanEnglishgentleman.Wea

35、llhopetomeettheendwithasimilarspirit,andcertainlytheendisnotfar.”Scottandtwoofhisteammemberscarriedonandgotwithinelevenmilesofoneoftheirfoodbases.Butthenaterriblestormstartedandtheycouldnotleavetheirtent.Scottspentsomeofhislasthourswriting.HewrotealetterfullofsadnesstohiswifeKathleen:“Icouldtellyoul

36、otsandlotsaboutthisjourney.WhatstoriesyouwouldhavefortheboyButwhatapricetopay.”Scott'sdiaryalsotoldthestoryoftheirend:“Wearegettingweakerandweakerandtheendcan'tbefar.Itseemsapity,butIdonotthinkIcanwritemore.”ThenewsofScott'sdeathshockedtheworld.HehadfailedtowintheracetothePole,buttheextr

37、aordinarycourageshownbyCaptainScottandhismenmadethemintoheroes.CaptainScottandhisteammembersreachedthePole,butwithlittletocelebrate.U9L11OnYourBikeReturnofthewhitebikes!PeoplehavebeenenjoyingthebenefitsofcyclinginAmsterdamforyears.Itisagoodcityforcyclingbecauseitisflatandthereforeisconvenientforbike

38、s.Therearealsoplentyofplacesforbicycleparkingandmoststreetsinthecitycentrehaveabicyclepath.TodaysomepeoplecallAmsterdamthe“CityofBicycles”becauseoftheconvenienceforbicyclesthere.Inthe1960s,agroupofcyclingfanshadanidea.Theybelievedthatitwouldbebetterforeverybodyifcarsweren'tallowedinthecitycentre

39、andonlybicycleswere.Theywerehopefulthatthiswouldhelptosaveenergy,reducepollutionandprovidefreepublictransport.ThegrouppaintedhundredsofbicycleswhiteandplacedtheminlotsofneighbourhoodsaroundAmsterdamforpeopletouse.Anyonewasallowedtotakethemandusethemforshortjourneys.Whereversomeonefinishedajourneythe

40、ywouldleavethebikethereforsomeoneelsetouse.The problem was that it didn't workthievestookallthebicycleswithinweeks!However,morethanthirtyyearslater,the“whitebike“isbackintownthistimewithacomputerchiptorecorditseverymove!Totakeabicycle,youhavetoinsertaspecialcard.Thenew“whitebike”isnotactuallywhi

41、tebutisanunusualdesignwithbrightcolours.Thebikesareparkedatspecialparkingplacesandpeoplewhowanttousethemhavetotakethemtoanotherspecialparkingplacethathasenoughroom.ThereisalreadylesstrafficincentralAmsterdam,becausebothlocalsandtouristshavebeenusingthewhitebikes.Indeed,thankstothegoodideasoflotsofpe

42、ople,likethecyclingfansinthe1960s,manypeoplearoundtheworldhavebeenenjoyingcitycentrestreetswithoutcarsformanyyears.U9L33CleanMachinesSolarCarRacingSolarracershavebeencomingtoAustraliaforyearsfortheWorldSolarCarChallenge.WeinterviewedMarieLoganfromBrisbane.Q:Well,thefirstquestionIhaveforyouissimple.W

43、hatisasolarcarA:Solarcarsarecarsthatusethesun'senergyforpower.Thatmeanstheydon'tusepetrol,gasoranyotherfuel,justthesunlight.Q:AndwhyarepeopleinterestedinsolarcarsA:Peoplehavebeenworriedaboutpollutioncausedbyfuelslikepetrolandgasforalongtimenow.Solarcarsarecleanandsafe,sothereisalotofinterest

44、inthem.Q:You'vebeendesigningsolarracingcarsforalongtime.WhendidyoustartA:Well,I'vebeeninterestedincarssincekindergarten.WhenIwasatuniversity,Istarteddesigningmycar.I'vedesignedfiveorsixdifferentcarssofar.AndI'vebeentakingpartinracesforaboutfouryears.Q:HowmanyraceshaveyoutakenpartinA:

45、Letmethink.Six.We'vewontwoofthem!Q:WheredotheseracestakeplaceA:Well,theoneIlikebestcrossesthewholeofAustraliafromnorthwesttosoutheast.It'sabout4,500kmlong!Q:Wow!HowlongdoesthattakeA:Thesedaysthefastestcarscandoitinsixdays.Q:AndwhathaveyoubeendoingrecentlyA:I'vebeenbuildinganewcarwithatea

46、mfromQueenslandUniversity.We'vedonealotofworkonit,butwehaven'tfinishedyet.Q:Andyou'vebeenwritingabookaboutsolarcars.A:Well,sofarI'veonlywrittenthefirstfewchapters!Iwantpeopletohaveagoodimpressionofsolarcars.Q:Butalotofpeoplethinkthatsolarcarsaretooslowornotveryreliable.Howcanyoupersu

47、adethemoftheadvantagesofsolarcarsA:Solarcarsaregettingbetterallthetime.Theyhavereachedspeedsofnearly80Intests,onecarwebuilthasaveragedover40evenincloudyweather.Q:You'vebeenworkinghard-goodluckintherace!A:Thanksalot.U9L44CarCultureTheRoadtoDestruction“Thismorningittookmefortyminutestogettowork.Mo

48、reroadconstructionworksontheA10!”“OhreallyIttookmeoveranhour.TherewasanaccidentontheM11.”“You'rebothlucky.Ittookmetwohours!Youdon'thavetousetheM25.”HowoftenhaveyouheardtheseconversationsHowoftendowegetstuckintrafficjamsHowoftendowearriveatworkorschoolstressedout,tiredandangryFormanypeopleinB

49、ritain,theansweriseveryday.Butangerandstressarenothingcomparedtotherealcostsofthemotorcar.Herearesomefigures:?Inthelasttenyears,thenumberofcarsontheroadsinBritainhasgoneupby30%.?Therearenow25millioncarsinthiscountry.?OverthreethousandpeopledieeveryyearinroadaccidentsinBritain.?InLondon,carenginespro

50、duce99%ofallcarbonmonoxideintheatmosphere.?Twenty-fivethousanddeathsperyeararecausedbyairpollution.?Sometypesofcancerarerelatedtotrafficpollution.?Trafficisoneofthemajorcausesofglobalwarmingandclimatechange.Theaverageglobaltemperatureisaboutdegreescentigradehigherthanitwas100yearsago.Weknowthatcarsarebadforus.SowhydowecarryonusingourcarssomuchWeallmakeexcuses:“Thebusesareterrible.”“Thetrainsarealwayslate!”“Ihaven'tgottimetowalk.”I'mtalkingaboutmyself,too.Iadmit:I'maddictedtomycar.WhenIaskedJennyTroweofGreenpeaceforadviceabouthowtogiveup,she